Research on Powdered Activated Carbon Modification Using Chosen Chemical Methods

Activated carbon has many applications in the environment, cosmetology, medicine and industry. The surface of each activated carbon can be modified to obtain the desired adsorption properties. Chemical activation can greatly affect the adsorption efficiency, control activity and application of the activated carbon. The aim of the study was to modify the selected activated carbon by chemical and physical methods, while maintaining these parameters so that it could be used in medicine. Powdered activated carbons with higher mechanical strength, large specific surface area and large macro-, meso- and micropore volume were prepared using natural waste wood material. This was followed by the digestion process and the washing of activated carbon. The study results indicate a significant influence of the centrifugal washing of activated carbon on the changes in the ash content and methylene index in the final product.

Investigating the Filtration Characteristics of Direct Driven Hydraulics

Direct driven hydraulics (DDH) is receiving increasing attention due to its advantages such as high energy efficiency, easy maintenance, and compactness. However, its oil contamination management has not been surveyed in detail, whereas uncontrolled oil contamination might result in extra maintenance efforts or even downtime. Therefore, this research paper analyzes the oil filtration in direct driven hydraulics through modeling and simulation to predict the filtration effects and support the filtration design. Firstly, model blocks of the filtration characteristics are built to be added to the basic DDH dynamic model. The model can hereby include the coupling effects between fluid degradation and component wear, the filtering process, and the time-varying filter performance. Secondly, the proposed model is applied to a DDH that incorporates filtration and simulated under a duty cycle for 960 hours. The DDH efficiency and control performance when considering the contaminant are revealed. Thirdly, the results are compared between different filter selections and a filtration solution is finally proposed. In conclusion, this paper illustrates the filtration effects on the efficiency, control performance, and oil contaminant level of DDH by simulation, which can hereby support the design of the DDH filtration solution. According to the simulations, the filtered DDH resulted in 96% degradation of the pump’s volumetric efficiency after 960-hour running compared to 92% when not using any filters. The extra pressure drop introduced by the filter is below 2 bar, suggesting that the introduction of a filter with 6 μm filtration level is beneficial.

The concept of an integrated system of energy efficiency control of artifical oil lift

THE PURPOSE. To consider the problems of controlling the energy efficiency of artificial oil lift. To conduct a comparative analysis of the approaches used to assess the level of energy efficiency and the possibility of energy saving. To submit to a modern possible energy efficiency control system. To identify an effective method for verifying energy efficiency indicators. To propose a concept of an automated control system for energy efficiency of artificial oil lift based on intelligent methods of data analysis. METHODS. When solving the problem, the method of factor analysis of specific power consumption, implemented in a model, was used.RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, considers the features of the use of various indicators of energy efficiency. A model of factors for specific power consumption has been developed. In this article, a concept of an automated energy efficiency control system based on intelligent methods has been proposed. CONCLUSION. Using the indicator of specific electricity consumption for artificial oil lift, as an indicator of energy efficiency, makes it possible to assess the current level of energy efficiency and identify the potential for further energy saving. To control the specific consumption of electricity at the mechanized stock of production wells, it is necessary to implement systemic energy metering, additional factor analysis of deviations from the planned values. Using of intelligent methods of data analysis selects the factors of deviation of the specific power consumption and ensures the reliability of energy efficiency control.

P160 A trial of a position modification device for the prevention of supine sleep during pregnancy

Self-reported supine position at sleep onset during late pregnancy is related to a 2.6x increase in stillbirth risk, possibly due to the enlarged uterus compressing major blood vessels supplying the placenta. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of a pillow designed to decrease supine sleep in pregnant women. Twelve women in the third trimester of pregnancy used their own pillows for a control week and the intervention pillow for 1 week, in randomised order. Sleep position for each night of both weeks was monitored with the Night Shift Sleep Positioner, with a sleep study (WatchPat300) on the last night of each week to measure the impact of the intervention on SDB. During the control week, the women slept supine for a median of 19.9% (IQR = 11.6, 27.4) of total sleep time (TST), compared to a median of 20.4% (10.2, 31.0) TST using the intervention pillow (p = .64). Use of the intervention pillow did not impact sleep efficiency (control = 85.3% (80.7, 88.0) v. intervention = 85.2% (78.3, 89.0), p = .48). On the sleep study night, supine sleep was reduced in the intervention compared to control condition (12.9% vs. 17.7%, p = .04), but AHI did not differ (intervention = 2.6/hr (0.8, 6.7) vs. control = 1.5/hr (0.6, 3.6), p = .11). We found that the adoption of a pillow designed to discourage supine sleep was not effective in late pregnancy. Considering the reasonably high amount of supine sleep in our participants, alternative devices should be investigated.

Specific standards of energy consumption in the problem of controlling its use efficiency

Purpose. Analysis of the existing methods of specific energy consumption standardization and determination of the method acceptable for the standardization in conditions of transient structural and regime changes in energy consumption at a modern industrial enterprise. Methodology. Analysis of the existing methods of specific energy consumption standardization, identification of their disadvantages and advantages. Comparison of the possibilities of these methods with the requirements for the specific energy consumption standardization in modern production. Findings. Emphasis is focused on the significant dependence between reliability of the results of energy efficiency control of the production process (savings or overconsumption of energy) and the accuracy of the calculation of specific norms of energy consumption. The dependence between the assessments of the enterprise’s staff energy saving activity and the achieved accuracy of energy consumption standardization is determined. It is highlighted that in energy efficiency standardization practice, the existing methods are focused on the production conditions, where their benefits are fully revealed. It is proved that due to the increased accuracy of the standardization, efficiency of obtaining and processing information, the statistical method is the most acceptable for the conditions of transient structural and regime changes in the power consumption of the object. Prospects for improving the method of energy efficiency control are described. Originality. For the first time, the use of the statistical method of specific energy consumption standardization in the system of energy efficiency control of production processes with rapid structural and regime changes in energy consumption of the object is proposed. Practical value is to determine an acceptable method of specific energy consumption standardization in the conditions of modern industrial production, as well as ways to improve it.

Regularities in aerodynamic efficiency control for gas cooler fans

Research relevance. The paper establishes the regularities in the impact the geometry and structural elements of a fan system piping have on the fan system’s aerodynamic efficiency in a wide range of the specific speed variation. Objectives and methods of research. A mathematical model has been obtained for the dependence of fan system’s geometry and kinematic parameters and the aerodynamic efficiency on the specific speed. Results. It has been proved that in order to reach higher aerodynamic efficiency of fan systems, in view of the increasing specific speed of fan systems, the aerodynamic quality of the impeller blade profiles should be increased and the aerodynamic resistance of the piping elements should be reduced. It has been shown that it is possible to create a gas cooler fan system with at least 400 specific speed and at least 0.85 efficiency if the impeller profiles aerodynamic quality is more than 25, and piping drag coefficient doesn’t exceed 0.2.

Automatic Asynchronous Drive Efficiency Control with Soft-Starter Function

Digital models of pulse-width voltage control system with step switching of power supply frequency and automatic control of induction motor are developed and built, the recommendations on the algorithm of their control and circuit solution for the implementation of smooth start modes, nominal and frequency-step control from low-power -variable load schedule are provided. The novelty of the work lies in the substantiated sequence and conditions of control and originality of the structure of the automatic system of smooth start-up and activation of the effective mode of the asynchronous drive. The introduction of the conversion system will create an automatic system of asynchronous drive, due to which it is possible to achieve energy conservation at all levels of the electromechanical system, with minimum capital investment.

Analisis Kelayakan Sistem Informasi Akademik Universitas Menggunakan PIECES dan TELOS

In line with the development of Information Technology (IT), it is appropriate for an educational institution to utilize Information Systems (IS) as an infrastructure that supports the academic service process. One of the universities in Central Java that has implemented IS, namely the Academic Information System. The Academic IS has been operating for 17 years since 2004. Therefore, the academic SI should be evaluated to determine its eligibility as an application. This study is a comparative analysis that has employed approaches of TELOS (Technical, Economic, Legal, Operations, Schedule) and PIECES (Performance, Information, Efficiency, Control and Security, Economics , Service), based on the WebQual dimensions. The aim is to assess the feasibility study of Academic IS, applying three approaches according to the user's perspective.