The Port of Qanaʾ, a Junction between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Davidde
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Roman World ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
The Web

South Arabian kingdoms based their wealth and power on agriculture and the export of incense and other aromatics so much appreciated in the ancient world. After Aelius Gallus’ campaign against Arabia Felix in 25–24 BC, Roman trade by sea with the region greatly increased compared to the overland caravan routes. This chapter summarizes the political situation in Arabia Felix in those times through the analysis of archaeological, historical, and numismatic evidence and focuses on the harbours and mooring places along the Yemenite and Omani coasts. Italian underwater research at Qanaʾ discovered the ancient anchorage, with ceramics dating between the first and the end of the sixth century AD, with a higher percentage before the fourth century AD. Typological and petrological study suggests the close involvement of the Arabian Peninsula in the web of trade routes that connected the Roman world via the Red Sea with India, and the Persian Gulf.

Beads and pendants from Inqitat (Dhofar, Sultanate of Oman)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Lischi
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Position Location ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Persian Gulf

Archaeological campaigns conducted during 2016 and 2017 at the site of Inqitat (Al Hamr al-Sharqiya), in the area of Khor Rori (Dhofar), produced an interesting assemblage of jewellery of various materials. The characteristics of the site are exceptional because they show traces of occupation from (prehistoric times)/ Prehistory right up to the Islamic period. Its geographical position(location), near Sumhuram, and its socio-political situation explain why bead assemblage here is so important. The use of particular stones indicates the presence of links with the area of the Persian Gulf and the Eastern part of the Indian Ocean. Furthermore, the discovery of some tools used for the production of the beads demonstrates a local production of some of these. The long life of the site could help to identify typical materials of each period thus allowing for a more complete comprehension of Dhofar and of the international connections of the area.

The Maritime and Continental Networks of Kīsh Merchants under Mongol Rule: The Role of the Indian Ocean, Fārs and Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 428-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Yokkaichi
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Mongol Rule

AbstractBased on a variety of literary and archaeological sources, notably the tariff lists produced in Rasulid Yemen, this study reconstructs the trade routes of the Kīsh merchants, demonstrating that the Persian Gulf route—between South and West India (Coromandel, Malabar, and Gujarat) and Iraq via the Persian Gulf—and the Red Sea route—between South and West India and Egypt via the Red Sea—were closely connected in the Mongol period. This not only manifests aspects of the proto-globalization in Mongol Eurasia but also argues against the supposed economic decline of post-1258 Baghdad and the economic centrality of Cairo in the post-Abbasid Muslim world.

A discussion concerning the floor of the northwest Indian Ocean - The recent sedimentary facies of the Persian Gulf region

1966 ◽  
Vol 259 (1099) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Barrier Islands ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Dune Sand ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Marginal Sea ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf, which is a shallow marginal sea of the Indian Ocean, is an excellent model for the study of some ancient troughs. It is bordered on the west by the Arabian Precambrian shield and on the east by the Persian Tertiary fold mountains. Persia is an area of extensive continental deposition. It is bordered by a narrow submarine shelf. The deeper trough of the Persian Gulf lying along the Persian Coast seaward of the shelf is floored by marly sediments. East of this, the Arabian shelf is covered with skeletal calcarenites and calcilutites. To the northwest is the Mesopotamian alluvial plain and deltaic lobe. Arabia is bordered on the Persian Gulf littoral by a coastal complex of carbonate environments. Barrier islands, tidal deltas (the site of oolitic calcarenite formation) and reefs protect lagoons where calcilutites, pelletal-calcarenites and calcilutites and skeletal calcarenites and calcilutites are forming. There are Mangrove swamps, extensive algal flats and broad intertidal flats bordering the lagoons and landward sides of the islands. A wide coastal plain, the sabkha, borders the mainland. Here evaporation and reactions between the saline waters percolating from the lagoons, and calcium carbonate deposited during a seaward regression, leads to the production of evaporitic minerals including anhydrite, celestite, dolomite, gypsum and halite. Inland, wide dune sand areas pass into the outwash plains skirting the mountain rim of Arabia.

An Era of Transition

2010 ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Yaron Harel
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
The Political ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Leadership And Organization ◽  
The Persian Gulf

This chapter examines the Jewish minority in Syria in 1840, when the Damascus affair took place and ended when economic disaster overtook Damascus Jewry. It highlights profound changes in Ottoman imperial rule and society in Syria from 1840, when Ottoman rule was reinstated. It also analyses shifts in Jewish society against the broad background of the political, social, and economic changes that took place in Syria. The chapter looks at the difference between the Jewish communities of Damascus and Aleppo with regard to social structure, economic endeavour, communal leadership and organization, and education. It recounts Jewish merchants in both Damascus and Aleppo in 1840 that engaged in international trade via the camel caravans that travelled between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea.

Himantura randalli sp. nov., a new whipray (Myliobatoidea: Dasyatidae) from the Persian Gulf

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3327 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER R. LAST ◽  
B. MABEL MANJAJI-MATSUMOTO ◽  
ALEC B. M. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Band Shape ◽  
Disc Width ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Trawl Fisheries ◽  
Shape Morphometrics

A new whipray, Himantura randalli sp. nov., described from material collected off Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar, appearsto be endemic to the Persian Gulf. It has been frequently confused with forms of the more widely distributed whiprayHimantura gerrardi Gray and other presently unidentified species from the Indian Ocean. Himantura randalli sp. nov. isdistinguished from these species by a combination of characters, i.e. disc shape, morphometrics, squamation (includingits rapid denticle development and denticle band shape), plain dorsal disc coloration, and whitish saddles on a dark tail inyoung. It is a medium-sized whipray with a maximum confirmed size of 620 mm disc width (DW) and a birth size ofaround 150–170 mm DW. Males mature at approximately 400 mm DW. Himantura randalli sp. nov. is relatively abundantin the shallow, soft-sedimentary habitats of the Persian Gulf from where it is commonly taken as low-value or discarded bycatch of gillnet and trawl fisheries.

Ampelisca Krøyer, 1842 (Amphipoda: Ampeliscidae) in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4852 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-349
Author(s):  
FARZANEH MOMTAZI
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Gulf Of Oman ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The representatives of the genus Ampelisca Krøyer, 1842 collected during the PGGOOS expedition (the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman Oceanographic Study) were studied. The species Ampelisca persicus sp. nov., Ampelisca lowryi sp. nov. and Ampelisca linearis sp. nov. were described. A redescription of Ampelisca cyclops Walker, 1904 was prepared based on material of the western part of the Indian Ocean. The differences between this and other records of A. cyclops were studied. 

Sea-trade in Early Times

Antiquity ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 15 (59) ◽  
pp. 233-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hornell
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Eastern Desert ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Egyptian Desert ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The few indications that have come down to us of ancient sea-traffic between the countries lying around the shores of the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean are so fragmentary and obscure that it is extremely difficult to reconstruct any definite picture of their character and extent. In spite of this handicap study of the meagre evidence available compels the belief that movement by sea, although of a fluctuating character and confined for the most part to coastwise voyaging, was far more active and advanced in parts of this area in very early times than is generally realized. Had it been otherwise how could we interpret the signs graven on the rocks of the ravines of the Egyptian desert, and the transport by sea of great blocks of stone to Sumer in the time of Gudea of Lagash?The earliest evidence at present available comes from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, though it does not follow that either area is the cradle of sea-faring. It consists of :—(A) innumerable prehistoric and predynastic petroglyphs of ships engraved upon the rocks of the eastern desert of Egypt, particularly those in the Wadi Hammamat region;(B) the discovery on Sumerian sites of diorite statues, stated specifically to have been brought by sea from foreign lands early in the third millennium B.C.;(c) the presence in the ruins of Ur, Kish, and Lagash of artifacts cut from the shell of the sacred Indian chank (Xancus pyrum);(D) historical records of trading expeditions sent by sea from Egypt to Somaliland extending from the Vth to the XIIth Dynasties, and repeated in the XVIIIth Dynasty.

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