A discussion concerning the floor of the northwest Indian Ocean - The recent sedimentary facies of the Persian Gulf region

1966 ◽  
Vol 259 (1099) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Barrier Islands ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Dune Sand ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Marginal Sea ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf, which is a shallow marginal sea of the Indian Ocean, is an excellent model for the study of some ancient troughs. It is bordered on the west by the Arabian Precambrian shield and on the east by the Persian Tertiary fold mountains. Persia is an area of extensive continental deposition. It is bordered by a narrow submarine shelf. The deeper trough of the Persian Gulf lying along the Persian Coast seaward of the shelf is floored by marly sediments. East of this, the Arabian shelf is covered with skeletal calcarenites and calcilutites. To the northwest is the Mesopotamian alluvial plain and deltaic lobe. Arabia is bordered on the Persian Gulf littoral by a coastal complex of carbonate environments. Barrier islands, tidal deltas (the site of oolitic calcarenite formation) and reefs protect lagoons where calcilutites, pelletal-calcarenites and calcilutites and skeletal calcarenites and calcilutites are forming. There are Mangrove swamps, extensive algal flats and broad intertidal flats bordering the lagoons and landward sides of the islands. A wide coastal plain, the sabkha, borders the mainland. Here evaporation and reactions between the saline waters percolating from the lagoons, and calcium carbonate deposited during a seaward regression, leads to the production of evaporitic minerals including anhydrite, celestite, dolomite, gypsum and halite. Inland, wide dune sand areas pass into the outwash plains skirting the mountain rim of Arabia.

Himantura randalli sp. nov., a new whipray (Myliobatoidea: Dasyatidae) from the Persian Gulf

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3327 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER R. LAST ◽  
B. MABEL MANJAJI-MATSUMOTO ◽  
ALEC B. M. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Band Shape ◽  
Disc Width ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Trawl Fisheries ◽  
Shape Morphometrics

A new whipray, Himantura randalli sp. nov., described from material collected off Bahrain, Kuwait and Qatar, appearsto be endemic to the Persian Gulf. It has been frequently confused with forms of the more widely distributed whiprayHimantura gerrardi Gray and other presently unidentified species from the Indian Ocean. Himantura randalli sp. nov. isdistinguished from these species by a combination of characters, i.e. disc shape, morphometrics, squamation (includingits rapid denticle development and denticle band shape), plain dorsal disc coloration, and whitish saddles on a dark tail inyoung. It is a medium-sized whipray with a maximum confirmed size of 620 mm disc width (DW) and a birth size ofaround 150–170 mm DW. Males mature at approximately 400 mm DW. Himantura randalli sp. nov. is relatively abundantin the shallow, soft-sedimentary habitats of the Persian Gulf from where it is commonly taken as low-value or discarded bycatch of gillnet and trawl fisheries.

Ampelisca Krøyer, 1842 (Amphipoda: Ampeliscidae) in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4852 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-349
Author(s):  
FARZANEH MOMTAZI
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Gulf Of Oman ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The representatives of the genus Ampelisca Krøyer, 1842 collected during the PGGOOS expedition (the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman Oceanographic Study) were studied. The species Ampelisca persicus sp. nov., Ampelisca lowryi sp. nov. and Ampelisca linearis sp. nov. were described. A redescription of Ampelisca cyclops Walker, 1904 was prepared based on material of the western part of the Indian Ocean. The differences between this and other records of A. cyclops were studied. 

Sea-trade in Early Times

Antiquity ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 15 (59) ◽  
pp. 233-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hornell
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Eastern Desert ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Egyptian Desert ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The few indications that have come down to us of ancient sea-traffic between the countries lying around the shores of the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean are so fragmentary and obscure that it is extremely difficult to reconstruct any definite picture of their character and extent. In spite of this handicap study of the meagre evidence available compels the belief that movement by sea, although of a fluctuating character and confined for the most part to coastwise voyaging, was far more active and advanced in parts of this area in very early times than is generally realized. Had it been otherwise how could we interpret the signs graven on the rocks of the ravines of the Egyptian desert, and the transport by sea of great blocks of stone to Sumer in the time of Gudea of Lagash?The earliest evidence at present available comes from the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, though it does not follow that either area is the cradle of sea-faring. It consists of :—(A) innumerable prehistoric and predynastic petroglyphs of ships engraved upon the rocks of the eastern desert of Egypt, particularly those in the Wadi Hammamat region;(B) the discovery on Sumerian sites of diorite statues, stated specifically to have been brought by sea from foreign lands early in the third millennium B.C.;(c) the presence in the ruins of Ur, Kish, and Lagash of artifacts cut from the shell of the sacred Indian chank (Xancus pyrum);(D) historical records of trading expeditions sent by sea from Egypt to Somaliland extending from the Vth to the XIIth Dynasties, and repeated in the XVIIIth Dynasty.

Mesopotamia in British Strategy, 1903–1914

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
British Government ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
The City ◽  
Experienced Difficulty

Britain's strategic interest in Mesopotamia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was a consequence of her control over India. The valleys of the Tigris and the Euphrates constitute a natural highway from Syria to the Persian Gulf, and thence to the Indian Ocean. Not until a relatively late stage in Imperial history, however, did Britain extend her formal protection to this region. In the nineteenth century successive British governments had refused to finance the establishment of either a Mesopotamian steamer service or railway line. Subsequently, they had first (1903) rejected participation in an international Baghdad railway scheme, and then (1914) sanctioned complete German control over the project as far as Basra. A small Indian force was despatched to the head of the Persian Gulf in October 1914, but the subsequent Mesopotamian campaign was ‘a haphazard affair from start to finish’ lacking political or military direction. Thus, the De Bunsen committee, which reported on Britain's desiderata in Asiatic Turkey in June 1915, had concluded that Ottoman “devolutionary control” over Mesopotamia was preferable to Indian annexation of any part of the region other than the Basra vilayet; that October, the War Cabinet experienced difficulty in deciding whether to sanction an advance on Baghdad. No proclamation of political interest in Mesopotamia was in fact made by a British government until the capture of the city in 1917. The immediate and local arguments impelling that operation have been fully investigated. By contrast, the strategic tradition that deprecated it has been relatively neglected. This paper proposes to survey the latter and to indicate the degree to which the extension of the Mesopotamian campaign contradicted previous British strategy toward the region.

scholarly journals Case study on the Competitiveness Comparisons of Karachi Port with the Neighbouring Emerging Ports in Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-32
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Operational Efficacy ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru

Purpose: This study evaluates competitiveness of emerging ports located in the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf. Traditionally, ports operational efficacy is evaluated only on basis of throughput, a case in point being the Lloyds International Port ranking. However, we do not concur with this approach and adopt a multicriteria methodology. Methodology: Three criteria - throughput, physical infrastructure, and performance are used to assess the operational efficacy of the ports. TOPSIS augmented with the “entropy weight” is used to devise weights for the chosen criteria and overall operational efficacy for each port is calculated. Results: The study revealed that infrastructure plays a critical role in the overall operational efficacy of the port. Karachi port is behind the contemporary ports in the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf because of its inadequate infrastructure. The results also highlighted that Jawaharlal Nehru Port ranked highest in considered ports while Port of Mundra ranked the worst. Practical Implications: The study can provide an insight to the port users about the competitive advantage amongst ports. Moreover, it also identifies the areas that can be improved for better efficiency. Originality: The research article is novel because no similar study has been conducted specifically on the ports in the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf.

Anahilapura: Understanding Its Expansive Network during the Time of the Chaulukyas

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-245
Author(s):  
Suchandra Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
Trading Zone ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
International Trade Network

Abstract Gujarat’s role in the international trade network has long been researched. During the first half of the second millennium CE, the Indian Ocean emerged as a vast trading zone; its western termini were Siraf/Basra/Baghdad in the Persian Gulf zone and Alexandria/Fustat (old Cairo) in the Red Sea area, while the eastern terminus extended up to the ports in China. However, this essay privileges a single place, Anahilapura, which acted as a hinterland to many of the ports of Gujarat.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF RED SEA AND PERSIAN GULF WATERS IN THE NORTHWESTERN PART OF THE INDIAN OCEAN BY ARGO FLOATS DATA

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-62
Author(s):  
K. V. Lebedev ◽  
B. N. Filyushkin ◽  
N. G. Kozhelupova
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Original Result ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Somali Current ◽  
The Persian Gulf

Peculiarities of the spatial distribution of the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf waters in the northwestern part of the Indian Ocean have been investigated based on the Argo float measurement database. 27128 profiles of temperature and salinity were taken into account. To process these data, we used the Argo Model for Investigation of the Global Ocean (AMIGO). This technique allowed us for the first time to obtain a complete set of oceanographic characteristics up to a depth of 2000 m for different time intervals of averaging (month, season, years). Joint analysis of the variability of hydrological characteristics within the depths of 0-500 m during the summer monsoon clearly showed the influence of the Somali Current on the dynamics of the waters of this region: the formation of the largest anticyclone (Great Whirl), coastal upwelling zones, redistribution of water masses in the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. The main influence on the formation of the temperature and salinity fields is exerted by the Persian Gulf waters. The same analysis of the variability of fields within the depths of 600-1000 m showed the role of the outflow of the Red Sea waters from the Gulf of Aden in the formation of deep waters in this area during the year. And, finally, at depths of 1000-1500 m, a deep anticyclonic eddy is formed, the southern branch of which, moving westward, at 7˚N. reaches Africa and turns to the south with a narrow stream of Red Sea waters, and then, crossing the equator, reaches 15˚S. An original result was obtained for determining the temporal characteristics of the Somali Current: the time of its formation, the values of transports and life expectancy (according to model estimates of the estimated data for 7 years (1960–1996).

Mercantile Networks, Port Cities, and “Pirate” States: Conflict and Competition in the Indian Ocean World of Trade before the Sixteenth Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxani Eleni Margariti
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Indian Ocean World

AbstractThe prevailing image of the Indian Ocean world of trade before the arrival of western Europeans and Ottomans in the region in the sixteenth century is one of a generally peaceful, conflict-free realm dominated by cosmopolitan traders who moved easily across boundaries of geography, ethnicity, language, and religion. This paper modifies this picture by examining the evidence for conflict and competition between pre-modern maritime polities in the western end of the Indian Ocean. In the fifth/eleventh and sixth/twelfth centuries maritime polities on the islands of Kish in the Persian Gulf and Dahlak in the Red Sea antagonized Aden's supremacy as the region's most frequented entrepot. In the subsequent three centuries, the Ayyubids and Rasulids of Yemen also strove to control maritime routes and networks.L'historiographie en vigueur de l'Océan Indien à l'époque précédant la venue des Ottomans et des Européens au XVIème siècle, décrit une aire commerciale généralement paisible parcourue aisément par des négociants cosmopolites par-delà les obstacles géographiques, ethniques, religieux et linguistiques. Cette contribution modifie cette image par un examen des témoignages des Vème/XIème et VIème/XIIe siècles qui attestent les conflits et rivalités des cités portuaires de Kish en la Golfe de Perse, de Dahlak en la Mer Rouge contestant la suprématie d'Aden, l'entrepôt le plus fréquenté. Durant les trois siècles suivants, les Ayyûbides et Rasûlides du Yémen s'efforcèrent également de contrôler les routes et réseaux maritimes.

A Periplus of Magan and Meluḫḫa

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hansman
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Old Babylonian ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Persian Gulf

Perhaps no question of historical-geographical interest relating to the ancient Middle East has been so frequently a subject of inquiry or brought a greater difference of opinion than has that of the location of the countries of Magan and Meluḫḫa. The problems of identification are particularly confused because widely separate areas appear to be indicated at different periods. Old Babylonian and Sumerian references seem to place these regions at the lower end of the Persian Gulf and along the coast of the Indian Ocean beyond, while texts of the late Assyrian period indicate Egypt and Nubia/Ethiopia

Gujarat and Long-Distance Trade in the Indian Ocean Region before the Sixteenth Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-99
Author(s):  
Philippe Beaujard
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Southern Arabia

Northwestern India, and particularly Gujarat, played a crucial role in the history of the ancient world by building connections with various Indian Ocean regions. These included the Persian Gulf, southern Arabia, the Red Sea, and the Horn of Africa on one side, and southern India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia on the other. Gujarat benefited from its agricultural potential and acted as a hub for various areas. This explains both its own success and the constant efforts by regional powers to control it. This chapter attempts to demonstrate the ways in which Gujarat proved able to assert its power and gradually become a major actor in exchanges in and around the Indian Ocean: exchanges that have connections to religious networks and places.

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