The Sailor, the Lover, the Husband, and the King
William IV’s life (1765–1837) overlaps the period of Paul Langford’s A Polite and Commercial People, and encompasses several of its key themes. William’s sexual adventures, complex family life, and struggle to find a suitable wife recall the challenges facing both his Hanoverian relatives and other elite men of his generation, including fellow naval officers. Yet William’s life also illuminates the changing public attitudes to politics and rulers which marked the uneven transition from the Georgian to the Victorian period. Bitter attacks on William’s relationship with his wife Adelaide alternated with mostly sympathetic accounts of his role in the movements for Catholic Emancipation and parliamentary reform. Ultimately, if oddly, William was held up as a national hero and commercial symbol of Britain’s early nineteenth-century progress. Above all, William’s life was chronicled through caricature, which A Polite and Commercial People drew attention to as a distinctive and significant element of Georgian culture. An assessment of his representation in both caricatures and other engravings, including new forms such as lithographs, helps us to better understand William’s contemporary significance, and in turn the political, social, and cultural changes and continuities of the Georgian and Victorian periods.