Problems with Moral Principle Accounts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Moral Principle ◽  
Social Convention ◽  
Moral Requirement ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Independent Account

In offering accounts of the obligation accrued by a promisor on the basis of his promise some theorists invoke a social convention or practice of promising and some do not. Promise theorists of both types generally assume that the primary obligation of a promisor is a moral requirement derived from a moral principle. Taking Thomas Scanlon’s prominent practice-independent account as its focus, this chapter argues that moral principle approaches cannot account for the inevitability of a promisor’s obligation. Nor can they account for its directedness. They cannot therefore account for a promisee’s demand-right which is equivalent to the directed obligation of his promisor. The demand-right problem for promises, therefore, remains unsolved.

Overview of OR practice in Taiwan companies

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-579
Author(s):  
C Kao ◽  
C‐K Lee ◽  
C‐Y Chen
Keyword(s):  
Or Practice

Looking For Religion in All the Wrong Places

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Burlein
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Or Practice

Drawing on recent work in secularism, this paper argues that religion exerts force in modern culture without anyone needing to beleive or practice a particular religion. This is especially the case with respect issues of sexuality. The paper uses the Introductory course as a way of exploring how, when it comes ot sexuality, religion still speaks us.

“The Pain Of Protagonists” Inselected Novels Of Anita Nair

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-438
Author(s):  
R. CELIN DIANA
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Social Convention ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
Simple Life

MRS. R. CELIN DIANA A female is God's lovable creature to balance man. She is mentally and physically weak through creation itself, but she express her feelings unexpectedly in the battle against her. She is even spoiled for that. A women’s picture is a central theme to literature writings around the globe. The writings of Anita Nair is concerned with man, females, nature, true life, and social convention. She explores the existential struggle of her protagonists in most of her novels. Nair describes particularly, how Indian women are exploited, abused, marginalized even in the modern times both by individuals and by the society. Apart from the society women are tossed even by her family members. Anita Nair emphasizes the need for creating awareness in women. Her female protagonists are conscious of the injustice in marriage brought to them.Probably, the protagonists of Nair’s novels denies to flow along the current.  They seem to be adamant or aggressive, but the fact is that they underwent much pain and suffering. Apart from the pain the protagonists are the losers of life, respect, family, dignity and everything. This paper is an effort to bring to light the pathetic conditions of the protagonists,and to study the social, family and economic picture of women's suffering in life. Though the protagonist characters are brave, they seem pathetic and losers of a common simple life, they dream to live. Anita Nair defines circumstances or occurrences that harm or kill characters due to the aggressive nature of characters in her novels.

Die Wirklichkeit des Sittlichen

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kersting
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Discourse Ethics ◽  
Moral Knowledge ◽  
Moral Principle ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Kantian Ethics ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
The Given ◽  
Moral Convictions

Within the Kantian ethics consciousness of the moral principle is a fact of reason which cannot be grounded in any antecedent data, empirical or rational. Hegel however argues that the fact of reason is necessarily embedded in the fact of „Sittlichkeit“, that a pure reason is an empty and chimerical construction, that moral knowledge is unavoidably rootet in the contingent moral convictions of the given cultural and social environment. This essay defends Hegel’s critique of Kant’s moral philosophy and – by generalizing Hegel’s hermeneutic approach – sketches the outlines of an explicatory concept of ethics which contradicts the scientistic understanding of moral philosophy characteristic for Kant, the utilitarianism and the supporters of discourse ethics likewise.

Auditor and FASB Responsibilities for Representing Underlying Economics—What U.S. Standards Actually Say

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe-Vonna Palmrose ◽  
William R. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Reporting Quality ◽  
Or Practice

SYNOPSIS Does the auditor's responsibility under U.S. authoritative guidance extend to providing assurance of financial reporting quality—specifically whether financial statements “faithfully reflect the firm's underlying economics”—after the auditor has concluded that financial statements are fairly presented in conformity with GAAP, in all material respects? The question arises because DeFond and Zhang (2014) state such a view and cite U.S. authoritative guidance as support. We review SEC, PCAOB, and FASB guidance and other sources and find no authoritative support for DeFond and Zhang's (2014) view. We also find that the PCAOB explicitly recognizes the lack of objective criteria that would be necessary to evaluate financial reporting quality beyond application of GAAP to events and transactions. Further, we find no evidence that practicing auditors do (separately) assess or assure that financial statements faithfully reflect the entire firm's underlying economics. Overall, these findings suggest DeFond and Zhang (2014) express a personal (and impracticable) normative view and not the auditor's actual responsibility or practice under extant U.S. standards. More broadly, results reinforce the importance of defining and measuring audit quality based on the auditor's actual responsibilities and the importance of accurately characterizing authoritative guidance and practice for scholarship regarding complex and multifaceted matters, including audit quality.

Character and Identity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Bronstein
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Convention ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
Rhetorical Tools

What is the appeal and use of a charismatic character? Henry James’s attempt to preserve an ideal of vivid character associated with older genres like romance becomes part of James Baldwin’s set of rhetorical tools for demanding recognition of gay and black humanity. James shows the contagion of personality among characters not to reject a Victorian style of defined characterization, but as material for his protagonists’ decisive acts of self-definition. When Baldwin rejects the protest novel for failing to recognize the agency of individuals in resisting the roles society casts them in, it is through a Jamesian ideal of identity constructed out of, but not trapped within, one’s social context. The charismatically individual character provides a template for resisting the influence of social convention.

The Insidious Momentum of American Mass Incarceration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin E. Zimring
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
American Life ◽  
Peak Rate ◽  
Or Practice

The phenomenal growth of penal confinement in the United States in the last quarter of the twentieth century is still a public policy mystery. Why did it happen when it happened? What explains the unprecedented magnitude of prison and jail expansion? Why are the current levels of penal confinement so very close to the all-time peak rate reached in 2007? What is the likely course of levels of penal confinement in the next generation of American life? Are there changes in government or policy that can avoid the prospect of mass incarceration as a chronic element of governance in the United States? This study is organized around four major concerns: What happened in the 33 years after 1973? Why did these extraordinary changes happen in that single generation? What is likely to happen to levels of penal confinement in the next three decades? What changes in law or practice might reduce this likely penal future?

scholarly journals Reflections on the Ontology of Money

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uskali Mäki
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Causal Powers ◽  
Social Convention ◽  
Institutional Facts ◽  
Collective Belief

Abstract The suggestions outlined here include the following. Money is a bundle of institutionally sustained causal powers. Money is an institutional universal instantiated in generic currencies and particular money tokens. John Searle’s account of institutional facts is not helpful for understanding the nature of money as an institution (while it may help to illuminate aspects of the nature of currencies and money particulars). The money universal is not a social convention in David Lewis’s sense (while currencies and money particulars are characterized by high degrees of conventionality). The existence of the money universal is dependent on a larger institutional structure and cannot be understood in terms of collective belief or acceptance or agreement separately focusing on money. These claims have important implications for realism about money.

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