Bilateral and Regional Economic Rules and Regimes

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Investment Treaties ◽  
Regulatory Flexibility ◽  
Trade And Investment

This chapter canvasses the roles and nature of bilateral or regional economic treaties, and their potential implications for sustainable development. It then moves to analyse, firstly, whether and how, in bilateral and regional economic treaty texts, States provide exceptions in trade and investment treaties to prevent economic rules from constraining the regulatory flexibility of the Parties for social and environmental purposes in the field of sustainable development. Second, it discusses how States establish prescriptions and permissions for cooperation to resolve environmental and social problems that could be exacerbated by the bilateral or regional economic treaty, strengthening domestic laws and supporting efforts to mitigate potential environmental and social impacts. Third, it considers whether and how States agree permissions and prescriptions to liberalize trade and investment in specific economic sectors that they agree will contribute to sustainable development, encouraging technologies and industries prioritized in other international treaties on sustainable development.

scholarly journals Regional Economic Growth and Air Transportation in Indonesia especially outside Java: a Backward Method in Multiple Regression Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-200
Author(s):  
Byna Kameswara ◽  
Tia Adelia Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
The Relationship

In sustainable development, infrastructure has an important role, although infrastructure growth and investment have positive and negative impacts. Indonesia has a strategic program in the form of infrastructure improvement. However, due to the condition of Indonesia which is an archipelago, infrastructure development has only concentrated on Java, especially in Jakarta City. This resulted in a gap in infrastructure development outside of Java. This study identifies the relationship between infrastructure and the regional economy in Indonesia. Indonesia is an archipelagic country so that long-distance transportation, such as using airports, is an absolute necessity to support equitable economic activities and support sustainable development. The relationship between traffic on airports and regional economies is still debating and growing. Therefore, by looking at the characteristics of the archipelagic country, it is interesting to see the relationship between infrastructure and the regional economy in Indonesia. This research aims to provide an understanding of the effect of economic growth in airports and be able to be a stakeholder consideration to making policies about air transportation and regional economic growth evenly on island geography conditions such as Indonesia. The relationship between the two in this study is shown by looking at traffic in airports and 17 economic sectors of GRDP in six different regencies with similar characteristics. The model show the relationship in this study. This model built using a regression approach. The results of this model show the relationship between traffic in airports with regional economic sectors, especially outside the island of Java. The results of this study can be concluded that the effect is found between the economic sectors of the region on the existence of airports

scholarly journals Biosphere reserves and their contribution to sustainable development

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Kraus ◽  
Cornelius Merlin ◽  
Hubert Job
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development

AbstractThe regional labeling scheme Dachmarke Rhön is an approach of the Rhön Biosphere Reserve to foster sustainable economic development through the intensification of regional value chains. The study compares the members of the Dachmarke Rhön with a random sample, both consisting of small rural enterprises in the economic sectors of tourism and food processing. Based on face-to-face interviews with 99 managers, a comparison of the two groups regarding their integration into regional value chains is elaborated: the two groups mainly coincide with regard to the reasons for choosing local suppliers. However, members of the Dachmarke Rhön are putting more emphasis on regional buying and the relationship to their suppliers. The share of total value added within the enterprises is higher in the random sample. This on the other hand explains higher expenses for supplies and a lower direct regional economic impact within the group of enterprises of the Dachmarke Rhön. Nevertheless the analysis shows, that the expenses for buying goods stay to a greater proportion within the region and facilitate a more diverse economic structure. Thus indirect regional economic effects are maximized fostering multifunctionality at the same time. The Dachmarke Rhön therefore can be seen as a market-based tool for fostering sustainable economic development, although the need for improvement regarding logistics and education for sustainable development exists.

ACTIVE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES AS A NECESSARY FACTOR FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Yu. A. DMITRIEV ◽  
◽  
B. A. KONYUKH ◽  
D. T. KHVARTSKIYA ◽  
L. I. SHUSTROV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

The article discusses the main directions and mechanisms of development of innovative activity of enterprises in efficient development of subjects of economic activities, development of the regional economy, solutions to critical social problems facing the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation. Highly productive mechanisms for the development of innovative activity of enterprises will not only be an effective tool for ensuring the progressive economic development of regions, but also a means of transferring the country's economy to an innovative type of development.

scholarly journals GREENING OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1110-1122
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Lavrikova ◽  
◽  
O.N. Buchinskaia ◽  
E. O. Wegner-Kozlova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Development Goals

Sustainable development was chosen by the United Nations as the key concept of the future in the 21st century, which led to the emergence of other economic concepts, such as green and blue economy, seen as contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs). In Russia, despite the ongoing processes of green transformation in some economic sectors and certain improvements in the green legislation and green finance, not all businesses and regions are ready to embrace sustainable development. This paper discusses two interconnected aspects of regional economic systems — their economic efficiency and environmental impact. The analysis focuses on the regions of the Ural Federal District and explores these regions’ transition to sustainable development by looking at their eco-intensity. Methodologically, the study relies on the methods of analysis and synthesis, statistical, comparative and causal analysis. Conceptually, we use the theoretical framework of sustainable development as a point of departure for our discussion. The results have shown, on the one hand, a decrease in the industrial pressure on the natural environment, related primarily to the enhanced resource efficiency of certain industries. On the other hand, less effort is now invested into minimising the negative impact on the environment in Ural regions. We have also identified those areas of sustainable development that hold most promise in the Russian context. Our findings can serve as a basis for the strategies of regional sustainable development and may be used for further research on socio-environmental and economic sustainability.

Advancing Trade and Investment Rules for the World’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Environmental Assessments ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Investment Agreements ◽  
Trade And Investment

This chapter sets out the focus and four principal objectives of the volume. It canvasses how the volume explores the nature of the legal provisions that States are starting to use in trade and investment agreements to reconcile and integrate environmental, social and economic development norms, and makes recommendations for how such measures might be taken into account in the WTO and future regional trade and investment agreements. The chapter sets out the methods and classification system (typology) adopted for the book, as well as the research undertaken, including an analysis of over sixty bilateral and regional economic agreements featuring references to sustainable development, and over 110 environmental assessments, environmental reviews, human rights reviews or sustainability impact assessments. It also introduces selected case studies of experiences under existing treaties, which will offer insights into how sustainable development concerns can be addressed in bilateral and regional economic agreements.

Policy and ‘Soft Law’ Rationales for Addressing Social and Environmental Concerns in Trade and Investment Treaties

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Legitimate Expectation ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Investment Treaties ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Trade And Investment

This chapter addresses and discusses the international policy and soft law rationales that exist for states to include sustainable development concerns in their trade and investment treaties. First, it discusses reasons why the negative impacts of trade liberalization should not just be left to roll downhill onto the fragile ecosystems and vulnerable populations of developing states, using indications from the 1972 Conference on Human Environment (UNCHE), the 1992 Rio Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), the UN Commission for Sustainable Development (CSD) deliberations, the 1997 General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS), the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) and the 2012 Conference on Sustainable Development (UN CSD) to support this argument, and it specifically analyses the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as they frame the new consensus. It then goes on to discuss how these soft laws, while not legally binding, constitute a legitimate expectation that States will promote sustainable development in their trade and investment treaties. It finds that there is a convincing international policy rationale for States to undertake measures to prevent, or at least mitigate, the environment and social development impacts of trade and investment agreements, addressing the main tensions identified in this volume.

Formation of background of sustainable development and transition to the «green» economy strategy

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
L.Z. Khalishkhova ◽  
A.Kh. Temrokova ◽  
I.R. Guchapsheva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Environmental Development ◽  
Current Stage

The article is devoted to the issues of measuring environmentally oriented economic development. The current stage of economic development requires the integration of environmental development, taking into account: environmental boundaries, biosphere processes, social problems, human needs and environmental processes. A green economy can become the main point of growth for the modern global economy. The article presents a complex of measures for the transition to a green economy, as well as tools for their implementation.

scholarly journals Measuring Energy Performance for Regional Sustainable Development in China: A New Framework based on a Dynamic Two-Stage SBM Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Hsiung Chiu ◽  
Tzu-Yu Lin ◽  
Hai-Lan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Portfolio Performance ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Regional Sustainable Development ◽  
Carry Over

Sustainable development has always been an important issue for all policy makers, even more so now, as global warming has seriously threatened the whole world. To understand the efficacy of regional sustainable policies, we proposed a dynamic, two-stage, slacks-based measure (SBM) model with carry-over and intermediate variables, highlighting the importance of an electricity portfolio, to measure overall energy performance for the purpose of regional sustainable development. In this unified linear programming framework with intertemporal evaluation, we estimated the effects of a clean electricity supply by the abatement of CO2 emissions and the gain of economic growth. The results can be used as a reference for decision makers to shape regional sustainable development policies. Using data of 30 provincial administration regions in China for the period of 2012–2017, we postulate that the lower energy performance of the Chinese regional economic system for sustainable development may be attributed to a lower electricity portfolio performance. We then postulate that investment in low-carbon energy infrastructure can combat CO2 emissions, and is also a major driving force in the regional economic growth.

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