Orchestrating a Migration Regime

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-227
Author(s):  
Alan Gamlen
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Widespread Adoption ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Models ◽  
Donor State ◽  
Diaspora Engagement

Chapter 9 shows how the widespread adoption of diaspora institution models and best practices has been orchestrated by international organizations, and supported by the actions of a ‘diaspora engagement industry’ of professional consultants, think tanks, and NGOs working on the topic. The chapter shows how and why key international organizations consumed and assimilated models of diaspora engagement, and how they ‘orchestrated’ the dissemination of these policy models and best practices to states around the world. The discussion also highlights how international organizations have used mechanisms such as ‘donor menus’ to retain credibility as disinterested experts, and also how such mechanisms have concealed the role of powerful donor state interests in shaping this supposedly disinterested advice.

Following Diaspora Policies

2019 ◽  
pp. 228-244
Author(s):  
Alan Gamlen
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Human Geography ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Policy Convergence ◽  
The World ◽  
Policy Models ◽  
Global Movement ◽  
Policy Mobilities

Chapter 10 studies how states have taught and learned from each other as they simultaneously attempt to secure international legitimacy by implementing the recommendations of international organizations and experts. The chapter provides clear evidence of many cases where states’ diaspora institutions have been driven not by their national interests, but by their conformity to changing international norms. The chapter investigates the impacts of these dynamics on the spread and policy convergence of state diaspora institutions around the world through processes such as ‘benchmarking loops’. The chapter draws on the growing human geography literature on policy mobilities in order to understand the global movement and mutation of migration policy models and best practices.

Meta-Regulation of Private Standards: The Role of Regional and International Organizations in Comparison with the WTO

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Naiki
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Private Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
One Step

Abstract The rise and proliferation of private standards have been recognized in international trade law, and various concerns have been raised. Existing literature analyses how the World Trade Organization (WTO), particularly the SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary) Committee and the TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) Committee, have responded (or cannot respond) to the proliferation of private standards. This paper goes one step further by focusing specifically on the meta-regulatory function performed by regional and international organizations other than the WTO. This paper sheds light on three types of governance techniques that can serve as meta-regulatory activities in relation to private standards by regional and international organizations: (1) governance by delegation; (2) governance by information; and (3) governance by soft law. This paper analyses features of these governance techniques and considers the relation between these governance techniques and the WTO's approach.

scholarly journals The work of economics: how a discipline makes its world

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

What is the work of economics? How does it operate to establish facts and make them stable? Is it sometimes able to use the world as a laboratory? If so, what measures are necessary to organize the world as a laboratory for economic experiments? To what extent do these measures rely upon the efforts of nonacademic economists, and of other social agents and arrangements including think tanks, government policies, development programs, NGOs, and social movements? A recent “natural experiment” using the social world as a laboratory, carried out in Peru, produced remarkable results, enthusiastically received by economists in the United States and by international development agencies. The paper examines the work of organizing the socio-technical world required to produce this knowledge, the curious kind of facts that were produced, the connections among those involved in this work, in particular the organized work of the neoliberal movement, and the role of the new facts in making possible further efforts at economic experimentation.

scholarly journals The Second Most Difficult Job in the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-281
Author(s):  
Jan Klabbers
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

This article addresses the ecology and functioning of the World Health Organization in a time of crisis, zooming in on the pressures on both the organization and its leadership generated by the circumstance that the organization cannot avoid allocating costs and benefits when taking decisions. The article argues that the covid-19 crisis illustrates how international organizations generally and the who in particular are subjected to conflicting demands, and how this impacts on the role of decision-makers. The latter, it transpires, need to display considerable practical wisdom.

Theories of International Relations and Northern Ireland

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Good Friday ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
The World

The peace process in Northern Ireland is associated with the signing of the Good Friday or Belfast Agreement, the arduous and lengthy implementation of this Agreement, and the continuing sectarianism in Northern Ireland. Despite the numerous and various studies about this case, no collection of scholarly analysis to date has attempted to assess a wide variety of theories prominent in International Relations (IR) that relate directly to the conflict in Northern Ireland, the peace process, and the challenges to consolidating peace after an agreement. IR scholars have recently written about and debated issues related to paradigms, border settlement and peace, the need to provide security and disarm combatants, the role of agents and ideas, gender and security, transnational movements and actors, the role of religions and religious institutions, the role of regional international organizations, private sector promotion of peace processes, economic aid and peacebuilding, the emergence of complex cooperation even in the world of egoists, and the need for reconciliation in conflict torn societies. How do the theories associated with these issues apply in the context of Northern Ireland’s peace process? Theories of International Relations and Northern Ireland explores primarily middle-range theories of International Relations and examines these theories in the context of the important case of Northern Ireland.

Tourism and protected areas: Comparing the 2003 and 2014 IUCN World Parks Congress

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Spenceley
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
International Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Official Records

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature World Parks Congress is held once a decade, and brings together thousands of the world’s experts on protected areas. In 2014, the Sydney World Parks Congress and the parallel event, Global Eco, provided a platform for 125 presentations relating to tourism and visitation. This paper presents a synthesis of the body of work shared at Sydney, including some of the cutting-edge issues, best practices, and inspiring initiatives relating to sustainable tourism. In particular, it compares issues that were highlighted at the 2003 World Parks Congress, and how they have evolved and progressed over the past decade. The paper highlights the role of different stakeholders from different corners of the world in promoting sustainable tourism practices. It also considers the relevance of tourism to the themes of the World Parks Congress, and how the sector is reflected within the official records of the 2003 and 2014 World Parks Congress. Looking forward to the next 10 years, the paper reflects on specific challenges, gaps in knowledge, and areas for further research and outreach.

INDEPENDENT AUDITING DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES / NEPRIKLAUSOMO AUDITO RAIDOS TENDENCIJOS

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaclovas Lakis
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Problems ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The World ◽  
Independent Auditing

Different countries of the world face some misunderstandings or even scandals concerning the inappropriate information about financial problems in different companies, which, in its turn, decreases society's confidence in independent auditing and encourages discussions on the role of auditing in economy. EU, international trade unions, governments make great efforts to improve the quality of independent auditing. The article investigates the functions of auditors, factors influencing the auditing state, the reasons for fraud of financial statements, motives and means, the efforts of international organizations and governments to improve the auditing quality and unsolved auditing problems. Santrauka Nagrinėjamos auditorių funkcijos; veiksniai, darantys įtaką audito būklei; finansinių ataskaitų klastojimo tikslai, motyvai ir priemonės; tarptautinių organizacijų ir atskirų šalių vyriausybių pastangos pagerinti audito kokybę; neišspręstos audito problemos. Daroma išvada, kad kai kurie norminiai aktai nesiderina su audito standartais ir kelia auditoriams sunkiai įvykdomų reikalavimų. Pabrėžiama, kad dėl įvairių priežasčių nepriklausomas auditas pernelyg supaprastėjo. Nepriklausomo audito raidoje ryškėja dviejopa tendencija. Viena, tarptautinės organizacijos ir atskirų šalių vyriausybės deda pastangų, kurios padeda gerinti audito kokybę. Kartu pastebima ir kita tendencija – nepriklausomas auditas pernelyg supaprastėjo, per siaurai formuluojamas audito tikslas. Taip pat audito metu atliekama kur kas daugiau procedūrų, negu reikia audito tikslui pasiekti, tačiau informacija, sukaupta per auditą, užsakovams pateikiama tik iš dalies. Rekomenduojama praplėsti audito tikslą ir procedūras, taip pat numatyti, kad visais atvejais užsakovui kartu su auditoriaus išvada būtų pateikta išsami audito ataskaita.

scholarly journals Les Allemagnes et la division Est-Ouest : Une ambivalence politique

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-559
Author(s):  
Paul Létourneau
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Special Functions ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Concrete Case ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

This article is about the role of international bureaucracies in the determination of the general policies of international organizations. In this paper it is argued that in general international organizations' Secretariats generally do wield, considerable power over the definition of the institutions' strategies, i.e. those activities, priorities and projects which taken together make up the program of the institution for a given period. Indeed, the international bureaucrats exercise tremendous control over the content of the program. This is so because international organizations have special functions in the world System. They must see to it that, certain states of affairs prevail in the world over the long run. It is, therefore, no surprise that the programs' content be more or less shielded from conjonctural fluctuations. The article then proceeds to test these hypotheses on a concrete case: the analysis of the processus through which Unesco's program goes before becoming the official policy of the organization.

scholarly journals Multilateral aid to the rescue? Sectoral fragmentation of bilateral development aid and the role of the World Bank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin C. Steinwand ◽  
Bernhard Reinsberg
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Bilateral Aid ◽  
Donor Behavior ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level

Bilateral aid projects continue to proliferate in an uncoordinated fashion, leading to fragmented aid delivery, despite high-level political promises to reign in the practice. Frequently absent in the academic and policy debates is an exploration of which policy venues can be effective in changing donor behavior. In this paper, we explore the role of the World Bank in promulgating best practices and enhancing sectoral coordination among bilateral donors. The World Bank's size, policy clout, and its own publicly stated commitments should make it a prime candidate for enacting measures that can help reduce bilateral aid proliferation and fragmentation. We concentrate on sectoral aid allocations and identify possible venues through which the World Bank can affect bilateral donor behavior and increase allocative efficiency, including as Lead Partner, Balancer, and by leading by example through Best Practices. Based on project-level data from 1998 to 2013, we find that bilateral donors and the World Bank allocate projects in a complementary fashion into the same sectors. Furthermore, World Bank and bilateral project numbers move together, and there is some evidence that bilateral donors emulate World Bank behavior. There is no evidence that World Bank activities help to reduce bilateral aid fragmentation.

scholarly journals Extended Supply-Use Tables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourish Dutta
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
The World

The statistical challenges of globalization are profound. We cannot rely solely on national statistics to understand how economies work and how to create industrial policies focusing on competitiveness. It is necessary to see the whole. National statistics build pictures based on relationships between producers and consumers and the rest of the world. But these relationships, especially those with the rest of the world, have become increasingly more complex. There is an increasing need to consider global production within a global accounting framework. This implies a departure from the traditional role of international organizations as compilers of internationally comparable national statistics to bring together the national tables to create a global table.

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