Policing Commercial Sex

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-148
Author(s):  
Siobhán Hearne
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Informal Relationship ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Imperial Governance ◽  
First World

This chapter examines the institutions in charge of policing prostitution, namely provincial governments, municipal authorities, and medical-police committees. The devolved nature of Russian imperial governance meant that the severity with which regulation was applied varied widely from place to place, often depending on the specific economic, social, and environmental conditions of localities. The dynamics of medical-police committees are discussed, particularly the tension between the police and medical personnel. The chapter also explores the complex relationship between ‘policer’ and ‘policed’ in examining the (often informal) relationship between registered prostitutes and the police. Urbanization, limited resources, and the inability, or unwillingness, to enforce policy meant that regulation consistently failed to meet its medical and moral objectives. In the early twentieth century, the Russo-Japanese and First World Wars widened the gulf between state ambitions and realities even further.

ENGLISH LABOUR AND TRADE UNIONISM OF THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY IN THE COVERAGE OF THE BRITISH HISTORIAN G. D. H. COLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
T.N. GELLA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Socialist Movement ◽  
First World

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the views of a famous British historian G.D.G. Cole on the history of the British workers' and UK socialist movement in the early twentieth century. The arti-cle focuses on the historian's assessment and the reasons for the workers' strike movement intensi-fication on the eve of the First World War, the specifics of such trends as labourism, trade unionism and syndicalism.

The Strange Radicalism of Thomas Carnduff and St John Ervine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connal Parr
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
First World War ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
World War ◽  
Abbey Theatre ◽  
Unpublished Work ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

St John Ervine and Thomas Carnduff were born in working-class Protestant parts of Belfast in the 1880s, though Ervine would escape to an eventually prosperous existence in England. Orangeism, the politics of early twentieth-century Ireland, the militancy of the age—and the involvement of these writers in it—along with Ervine’s journey from ardent Fabian to reactionary Unionist, via his pivotal experiences managing the Abbey Theatre and losing a leg in the First World War, are all discussed. Carnduff’s own tumultuous life is reflected through his complicated Orange affiliation, gut class-consciousness, poetry, unpublished work, contempt for the local (and gentrified) Ulster artistic scene, and veneration of socially conscious United Irishman James Hope. It concludes with an assessment of their respective legacies and continuing import.

scholarly journals Representing the War. Early Twentieth Century Maps and Models in the Fonds of the Italian War History Museum in Rovereto

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elena Dai Prà ◽  
Valentina De Santi ◽  
Giannantonio Scaglione
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
The University ◽  
First World

Abstract. The representation of the areas in which some of the most significant events of the First World War took place has produced a wide range of materials, such as cartography, aerial and terrestrial photos, textual descriptions and field surveys. In addition, war events were also represented through three-dimensional models. Topographic maps and models constitute composite figurations, which are rich in informative data useful for the preservation of the memory of places and for increasing the knowledge of cultural heritage. Hence, these sources need to be studied, described, interpreted and used for future enhancement. The focus of this paper are archival materials from the collections kept at the Italian War History Museum of Rovereto (Museo Storico Italiano della Guerra), in the Trentino-Alto Adige region. Firstly, we will investigate the cartographic fond in order to assess the composition and origin of its materials. Secondly, we will present the Museum’s collection of Early-Twentieth Century models. Such precious heritage is not yet part of an exhibition, and is kept in the Museum’s warehouses. The paper constitutes the occasion to present the initial results of a still ongoing project by the Geo-Cartographic Centre for Study and Documentation (GeCo) of the University of Trento on the study and analysis of two archival complexes preserved in the abovementioned Museum. In particular, the paper focuses on the heuristic value of such representational devices, which enable an analysis of the different methods and languages through which space is planned and designed, emphasizing the complementarity between different types of visualization.

STRIKING A JUST BALANCE: MAULANA AZAD AS A THEORIST OF TRANS-NATIONAL JIHAD

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYESHA JALAL
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Law And Ethics ◽  
The First World War ◽  
National Congress ◽  
First World ◽  
Indian National Congress

This article probes the link between anti-colonial nationalist thought and a theory of jihad in early twentieth-century India. An emotive affinity to the ummah was never a barrier to Muslims identifying with patriotic sentiments in their own homelands. It was in the context of the aggressive expansion of European power and the ensuing erosion of Muslim sovereignty that the classical doctrine of jihad was refashioned to legitimize modern anti-colonial struggles. The focus of this essay is on the thought and politics of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. A major theoretician of Islamic law and ethics, Azad was the most prominent Muslim leader of the Indian National Congress in pre-independence India. He is best remembered in retrospectively constructed statist narratives as a “secular nationalist”, who served as education minister in Jawaharlal Nehru's post-independence cabinet. Yet during the decade of the First World War he was perhaps the most celebrated theorist of a trans-national jihad.

The Science of Biodynamic Viticulture

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
jason tippetts
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Rudolf Steiner ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Wine Glass ◽  
Scientific Facts

Biodynamics, as a viticultural method, is generally not well understood by either its practitioners or its detractors. Detractors complain that biodynamics is rooted in mysticism and has no scientific basis whatsoever and thus no place in the increasingly scientific world of viticulture and oenology. Proponents counter that the biodynamic method established by Rudolf Steiner in the early twentieth century is fundamentally based on scientific facts, and that the results of applying the method are consistent and easily discernible in both the vineyard and the wine glass. This article elucidates the very complex relationship between Steiner's theory and reductivist science and suggests that only by better understanding this relationship can we truly appreciate what the biodynamic method is.

scholarly journals The Autoneige as Workaround: Infrastructural Momentum at the Emergence of the Snowmobile

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Developing Communities ◽  
Social Environmental

Background  Drawing on infrastructure theories of communication, this article considers the snowmobile as an exceptional instance of transport and media circulation in rural Québec and Eastern Canada. In the early twentieth century, the snowmobile provided a temporary fix to the isolation of developing communities. When the snow and cold descended on these regions, both transport and communication came to a standstill for months. Analysis  This article explores how the snowmobile provided a workaround to the environmental conditions that cut parts of the nation off from the evolving mobilities of the era. Conclusions and implications  Transporting people, goods, and messages across social and environmental divides, the snowmobile illustrates how challenging topographies can precipitate invention. This process of mediation is indivisible from its social, environmental, and cultural context. Résumé Contexte Se basant sur les théories infrastructurelles de la communication, ce travail examine le rôle de l’autoneige en tant que forme exceptionnelle du transport et de la circulation des médias dans le contexte rural au Québec et dans l’est du Canada. Au début du XXe siècle, l’autoneige représente un remède temporaire à l’isolation des communautés en développement. À l’arrivée de la neige et des temps froids, les moyens de transport et de communication s’immobilisent pendant des mois. Analyse  L’article explore l’histoire de l’autoneige comme solution « de contournement » (work-around) aux conditions environnementales qui isolent alors des régions du pays par rapport à l’évolution contemporaine de la mobilité. Conclusion et implications  En transportant des personnes, des biens et des messages au-delà des divisions sociales et environnementales, l’autoneige illustre la manière dont les obstacles topographiques catalysent l’imagination. Ce processus médiatique est indissociable de son contexte social, environnemental et culturel.    

Trubetskoi, Evgenii Nikolaevich (1863–1920)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Grier
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Prince Evgenii Nikolaevich Trubetskoi was a prominent philosopher of law known also for his works on Solov’ëv, Kant, Nietzsche, ethics and religion (including Russian Orthodox iconography). Personally and philosophically very close to Solov’ëv, he was recognized as the most important commentator on the older philosopher’s work in the early twentieth century. He was a staunch Russian patriot, devoutly Orthodox, active in various political, cultural and religious organizations aimed at maintaining the Russian way of life threatened first by the First World War and then by the Bolshevik revolution.

CONFISCATION OF FOREIGN NATIONALS ' VESSELS FROM RUSSIAN YACHT CLUBS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
SERGEY N. KOPYLOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
First World

The article is devoted to the confiscation of private vessels of foreign nationals during the First World War. Cases of confiscation of small vessels by the metropolitan river Police and the Baltic Fleet are considered. Special attention is paid to the distribution of confiscated vessels. Information is given that yachts and boats were sent to the Naval School and other naval units in need. Among the requests for the transfer of confiscated vessels, it is necessary to highlight the requests received from the Baltic fleet submarine connection, the naval artillery unit of the Kroonstad fortress, the commandant of the premise fortress and the transport flotilla of the black sea fleet. The article examines the prerequisites and reasons for the confiscation of small-sized floating vehicles and German and Austrian subjects. The article analyzes the cases of return of the vessel to a russian citizen of finnish origin after confiscation. The relationship between the events of the First World War and changes in the activities of Russian aristocratic yacht clubs is traced. The author studies the history of domestic sports organizations and Russian history in the early twentieth century. In addition, the organization of Russian sports organizations in the early twentieth century is considered. Russian imperial yacht clubs were rather reluctant to give small vessels belonging to foreign subjects to the official authorities. As a result, the Metropolitan River Police and the Baltic Fleet confiscated sailing and motor vessels owned by German and Austro-Hungarian citizens from aristocratic yacht clubs.

Lebanon

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Salem
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
First Person ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Lebanese Civil War ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Colloquial Arabic

This chapter discusses the development of the novelistic tradition in Lebanon. It first provides an overview of the complex relationship between the Lebanese novel and nation-state before considering works published prior to the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War. It then examines novels that appeared during the war years (1975–1990), along with novels written either during or immediately after the war but set in the nineteenth or early twentieth century. It also looks at contemporary postwar novels that vary from realistic to fantastical, from epistolary to first-person narrative, and from fuṣ ḥa to colloquial Arabic. The chapter describes the violence that characterizes the current period, citing as examples the slew of political assassinations and abductions, Israeli attacks, Hizballah takeovers, turmoil in the Palestinian camps, sectarian battles in Tripoli, and suicide car bombings, all reflected in the contemporary Lebanese novel.

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