scholarly journals The Autoneige as Workaround: Infrastructural Momentum at the Emergence of the Snowmobile

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Developing Communities ◽  
Social Environmental

Background  Drawing on infrastructure theories of communication, this article considers the snowmobile as an exceptional instance of transport and media circulation in rural Québec and Eastern Canada. In the early twentieth century, the snowmobile provided a temporary fix to the isolation of developing communities. When the snow and cold descended on these regions, both transport and communication came to a standstill for months. Analysis  This article explores how the snowmobile provided a workaround to the environmental conditions that cut parts of the nation off from the evolving mobilities of the era. Conclusions and implications  Transporting people, goods, and messages across social and environmental divides, the snowmobile illustrates how challenging topographies can precipitate invention. This process of mediation is indivisible from its social, environmental, and cultural context. Résumé Contexte Se basant sur les théories infrastructurelles de la communication, ce travail examine le rôle de l’autoneige en tant que forme exceptionnelle du transport et de la circulation des médias dans le contexte rural au Québec et dans l’est du Canada. Au début du XXe siècle, l’autoneige représente un remède temporaire à l’isolation des communautés en développement. À l’arrivée de la neige et des temps froids, les moyens de transport et de communication s’immobilisent pendant des mois. Analyse  L’article explore l’histoire de l’autoneige comme solution « de contournement » (work-around) aux conditions environnementales qui isolent alors des régions du pays par rapport à l’évolution contemporaine de la mobilité. Conclusion et implications  En transportant des personnes, des biens et des messages au-delà des divisions sociales et environnementales, l’autoneige illustre la manière dont les obstacles topographiques catalysent l’imagination. Ce processus médiatique est indissociable de son contexte social, environnemental et culturel.    

The neglect of desire

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-61
Author(s):  
Sam Hole
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Theological Anthropology ◽  
Mystical Experience ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

Chapter 1 examines the intellectual, ecclesial, and wider cultural context underpinning the diverse modern interpretations of John’s thought. Twentieth-century studies of John, for all their methodological variety, have been dominated by three traditions of interpretation that have only grasped partial elements in his teaching, important though these elements are. These traditions have emphasized the importance of ‘affectivity’ in the spiritual life, the meanings of ‘mysticism’ or ‘mystical experience’, and the theological significance of John’s poetic language. Each strand of thought, however, originates from particular early twentieth-century theological and philosophical commitments whose legacy continues to inform present-day reading of John. Recognition of the extent to which previous works have been shaped by disciplinary boundaries that took their shape in the last century enables a renewed appreciation of John’s theology on its own terms. Through this insight aspects of his work that have all too often been split between spirituality, mysticism, literary studies, and theological anthropology—in particular, his creative reworking of the notion of desire—may be better appreciated.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ruth Coates
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
The Way

The Introduction sets out the immediate historical and cultural context in which twentieth-century Russian religious philosophers began to write about deification. The inter-revolutionary period (1905–17), characterized by unprecedented political instability and violence, created an atmosphere of apocalyptic foreboding and prompted religious philosophers creatively to assimilate the Orthodox concept of deification in their attempts to conceptualize human overcoming of the end, of mortality itself. These attempts are presented as fundamentally modernist: more or less free interpretations of the deification theme that arise out of the engagement of the authors under consideration with the modernist discourses of Marxism, Symbolism, and Nietzsche. It is argued that the primary leitmotifs, common to these three, that shape the way deification was received in the early twentieth century, are praxis and transformation, specifically the transformation of matter. The four works to be analysed present a spectrum of deification reception, from least to most Orthodox.

INSANITY AND PARRICIDE IN LATE IMPERIAL CHINA (EIGHTEENTH–TWENTIETH CENTURIES)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Gabbiani
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Depth Analysis

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the reasons for which insane individuals who had committed patricide were systematically sentenced to dismemberment (lingchi 凌遲) under the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the most severe form of capital punishment that could be called for in the state's administrative and penal Code. This extreme harshness ran contrary to several “theoretical” foundations of Chinese traditional law, first and foremost the principle of criminal intent. Through the study of such criminal cases, and others legally affiliated to patricide, spanning the seventeenth to the early twentieth century, it underlines the importance of the relationship between a parent and his child, which was prominent in China's moral and cultural context at the time. It also stresses the role of political issues related to the legitimacy of the imperial state and to the upholding of the legality of its judicial process. Even though legal tools existed in the Qing Code, which would have allowed for a more lenient approach, and notwithstanding the Qing authorities' ongoing effort at defining specific legal procedures for insane homicides, lingchi was systematically applied to insane patricides until the early twentieth century, when the far-reaching legal reforms implemented during the last years of the imperial regime progressively opened the way for the recognition of the legal irresponsibility of insane individuals.

scholarly journals SAGIT RAMIYEV’S DRAMATURGY IN LITERARY AND CULTURAL CONTEXT DURING THE BEGINNING OF THE XXTH CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliya F. Nuriyeva ◽  
Tagir Sh. Gilazov ◽  
Flera S. Saifulina ◽  
Zinulla Zh. Mutiev
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Renewal ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Relationship Types ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Literary Methods

The article analyzes the work by Sagit Ramiev, who created his own poetry school in the early twentieth century. The object of scientific analysis in this work is his plays (“Live, Zubeida, and I live”; “Exemplary Madrassah”). It is known that at the beginning of the twentieth century the Tatar people were undergoing socially spiritual and cultural renewal. The active development of the national periodical press, publishing, literary criticism has a positive effect on the creative activities of writer devoters during this period. The problem of the reconstruction of the Tatar society is raised in the works of Tatar literature classics and such famous personalities as G. Iskhaki, F. Amirkhan, G. Kulakhmetov, I. Bikkulov and others. Among the pressing problems raised in Tatar literature at the beginning of the twentieth century, the female problem occupies an important position. Writers and playwrights believe that without a positive solution of society attitude towards women and the women issue, they can't achieve the progress in Tatar society.These social and cultural conditions positively affect the formation of the ideological and aesthetic concept of S. Ramiev's works.The study subject of this article is the continuation of the traditions begun by the classics of Tatar literature in the field of topics and problems, in the system of images and literary methods, the identification of literary relationship types in the ideological content of S. Ramiev’s plays. Along with this, attention is paid to the traditions that provide a connection with the literary and historical periods of the national art of words, as well as to the identification of individual features in S. Ramiev’s works. The study of the playwright’s work in the context of the literary and cultural context of the early twentieth century makes the scientific novelty of this study.The methods and principles have been used in scientific searches to comment on literary phenomena and the literary process in close interconnection and development - the principle of historicism, cultural-historical, comparative-historical, and biographical principle.

scholarly journals HALYCCIAN RURAL COMMUNITY OF THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY AS THE BASIS OF CIVIL SOCIETY. BY THE WORKS OF V. STEFANYK (TO THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE WRITER'S BIRTH)

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Tamara Sabelnykova ◽  
◽  
Olga Novikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The People ◽  
Spiritual Foundations ◽  
Style Of Writing

The article considers the life of the Galician rural community of the early twentieth century, reflected in the works of Vasyl Stefanyk, the embodiment of the writer’s socio-political views. The spiritual foundations of the public rural system, which exist in the people’s consciousness at the genetic level and which act as a regulator and a reliable guardian of public order, have been analyzed. The authors trace how the new socio-political conditions cause changes in public life and what role the educated intelligentsia plays in these processes. In order to lead the people, it is necessary to understand them, to inspire their trust. Fiction is first and foremost an art. In the article, the writer’s ideas are presented through the interpretation of full-length, relief images, artistic details that express his ideas about the rural community. V. Stefanyk is an expressionist, so he portrays a person in extreme situations, in moments of the highest emotional tension, with a naked soul. This style of writing allows the author to achieve the maximum level of truthfulness. As a result, it was noted that at the beginning of the twentieth century there were traditions of collective solution of social problems in Ukraine, peasants sought to develop through education to improve their lives, to learn to defend their rights. Communities also took care of national life: they honored national heroes who became national symbols, because it was clear that without a common cultural memory, the images of which acquire symbolic significance, it was difficult to unite the people. Thus, Ukrainians have long traditions of public life that were interrupted during Soviet totalitarianism, but now the people are gradually returning to them, especially at critical moments in history when it is necessary to unite to confront the threats to democracy. As you can see, socio-political life continues in a cultural context, which is often determined for it. In view of this, it is promising to study the reflection of society in Ukrainian artistic literature, which depicts being in its entirety and diversity.

scholarly journals Sustainability and socialism: Socio-ecological ideas in the urbanization of New Belgrade

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Ristic-Trajkovic ◽  
Danica Stojiljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Insight Into

The main objective of this research is to explore the ecology ideas in socialism, or more precisely socio-ecological ideas that were present in urbanization of New Belgrade. The paper investigates beginnings of the development of environmental consciousness that emerged in late sixties of the twentieth century due to rapid urbanization processes of Belgrade, but also draws attention to specific architectural and urban concepts in historical urban development of New Belgrade which are from the standpoint of modern principles of sustainability positive examples of social - environmental exchanges. What can we learn from past experiences? Since the power relations of socio-environmental conditions that shape urban environment are constantly changing in terms of scale and participants in the process of urbanization, historical and geographical insight into the constantly changing urban configuration is necessary for understanding and consideration of future radical political-ecological urban strategies.

‘Words Filled With Tears’: Amorous Discourse as Lamentation in the Palaiologan Romances

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Agapitos
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Old French ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
New Type ◽  
Folk Poetry ◽  
Old French Romance

This chapter examines a particular way in which feelings of love are expressed in the Palaiologan romances (c. 1250–1350). This manner of expression is presented through the systematic use of an imagery and vocabulary of lamentation, that incorporates into these highly artful poetic narratives a discourse deriving from folk poetry. These amorous laments (moirologia), as they are sometimes called by the narrators or even the characters, are not direct quotations of actual folk laments or songs as folklorists in the early twentieth century believed. They are a way of presenting amorous feelings to Byzantine listeners or readers (initially within an aristocratic courtly milieu, later also within a bourgeois environment) in a manner attuned to their contemporary and specific socio-cultural context, yet structurally keeping to the conventions set by the ‘Hellenising’ novels of the Komnenian age. These folk-like songs reflect a new type of poetic and emotional sensibility in late Byzantium, partly in response to Old French romance as it was available in the thirteenth century (orally, at least), partly in response to a growing interest in ‘folk subjects’ as attested by the collections of vernacular proverbs and popular lore.

Slavery as the commodification of people

Focaal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (59) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Fiskesjö
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Chinese Trade ◽  
Ancient Slavery

In the 1950s, teams of Chinese government ethnologists helped liberate “slaves” whom they identified among the Wa people in the course of China’s military annexation and pacification of the formerly autonomous Wa lands, between China and Burma. For the Chinese, the “discovery” of these “slaves” proved the Engels-Morganian evolutionist theory that the supposedly primitive and therefore predominantly egalitarian Wa society was teetering on the threshold between Ur- Communism and ancient slavery. A closer examination of the historical and cultural context of slavery in China and in the Wa lands reveals a different dynamics of commodification, which also sheds light on slavery more generally. In this article I discuss the rejection of slavery under Wa kinship ideology, the adoption of child war captives, and the anomalous Chinese mine slaves in the Wa lands. I also discuss the trade in people emerging with the opium export economy of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century which helped sustain, yet also threatened, autonomous Wa society. I suggest that past Wa “slave” trade was spurred by the same processes of commodification that historically drove the Chinese trade in people, and in recent decades have produced the large-scale human trafficking across Asia, which UN officials have labeled “the largest slave trade in history” and which often hides slavery under the cover of kinship.

Policing Commercial Sex

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-148
Author(s):  
Siobhán Hearne
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Informal Relationship ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Imperial Governance ◽  
First World

This chapter examines the institutions in charge of policing prostitution, namely provincial governments, municipal authorities, and medical-police committees. The devolved nature of Russian imperial governance meant that the severity with which regulation was applied varied widely from place to place, often depending on the specific economic, social, and environmental conditions of localities. The dynamics of medical-police committees are discussed, particularly the tension between the police and medical personnel. The chapter also explores the complex relationship between ‘policer’ and ‘policed’ in examining the (often informal) relationship between registered prostitutes and the police. Urbanization, limited resources, and the inability, or unwillingness, to enforce policy meant that regulation consistently failed to meet its medical and moral objectives. In the early twentieth century, the Russo-Japanese and First World Wars widened the gulf between state ambitions and realities even further.

Sincerity’s Champions

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-117
Author(s):  
Leonard Diepeveen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Aesthetic Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

This chapter looks at the different ways in which intent functions in aesthetic creation and experience, what counted as signs of sincere intent in the early twentieth century, and what aspects of modernism threatened the effortless functioning of such signs. It argues that in the early twentieth century the signs of sincere intent were under contention, as they always are at moments of cultural change and ideological contestation. In any new aesthetic movement or cultural context, one which appears to break with the past rather than just modulate it, the signs of sincere intent—because they are contextually and socially understood and negotiated—have to be renegotiated. Radically new works, works that are most in violation of the time’s default aesthetic, will present unclear signs of intent, clouding their sincerity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document