Before the Empire

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-59
Author(s):  
Avraham Faust
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 2 (‘Before the Empire: the Southern Levant in the Eighth Century BCE’) lays the foundation for the research. In order to understand the impact of Assyrian imperial domination, one must reconstruct the reality on the ground before the arrival of the empire, and the chapter therefore describes the flourishing settlement of the mid-eighth century BCE, its distribution across the landscape, and the economic significance of the various regions. The information is presented geographically, outlining the situation in each of the kingdoms, and in many cases in each of the subregions within them, providing a detailed snapshot of the demography and economy of the region before the Assyrian armies arrived on the horizon.

Economic Significance of Social Capital

2011 ◽  
pp. 46-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Polishchuk ◽  
R. Menyashev
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Transmission Channels ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Bonding And Bridging ◽  
The Impact

The paper deals with economics of social capital which is defined as the capacity of society for collective action in pursuit of common good. Particular attention is paid to the interaction between social capital and formal institutions, and the impact of social capital on government efficiency. Structure of social capital and the dichotomy between its bonding and bridging forms are analyzed. Social capital measurement, its economic payoff, and transmission channels between social capital and economic outcomes are discussed. In the concluding section of the paper we summarize the results of our analysis of the role of social capital in economic conditions and welfare of Russian cities.

THE IMPACT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE BIOLOGICAL YIELD OF SUGAR BEET CROP (BETA VULGARIS L. VAR. SACCHARIFERA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281-1284
Author(s):  
Petar Petrov ◽  
Bojan Mitrovski
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
New Production ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop ◽  
The Impact

Due to the great economic significance of the sugar beet, the new production trends are aimed at improving the quantitative and qualitative properties and one of the basic agro technical measures that is directly dependent on the yield and quality of the turnip is the properly conducted plant nutrition. Exporting high quantities of nutrients from the soil, the sugar beet requires application of advanced agro-technology, primarily application of adequate and controlled nutrition and irrigation. Application of this measure, in combination with soil processing, has sustained influence over the following cultures in the crop rotation in terms of nutrients regiment and fight against weeds.In order to determine the effects of mineral fertilizers on sugar beet, field experiment was conducted on fluvisol soil. The experiment is set according to a random block system, following the standard methods of agricultural chemistry for conducting field trials. The experiment includes eight variants, as follows: 1. Control (non-fertilized), 2. NP, 3. NK, 4. PK, 5. NPK, 6. N2PK, 7. N2P2K, 8. N3PK.In the phase of technological maturity of sugar beet, collection of the vegetative material and measurement of the height of the biological yield of the turnips was carried out. Based on the survey results, it can be concluded that the variant N2P2K has achieved the highest yield of swollen roots, i.e. 69.330 kg/ha. The highest yield of leafy greens was achieved in the variant N3PK, i.e. 41.920 kg/ha, which indicates the fact that nitrogen has direct influence over the vegetation mass of sugar beet.

The impact of employer-delayed deposits on plan participant wealth

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1171-1179
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Scott Jones
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Regulatory Oversight ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Defined Contribution Plans ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Defined Contribution Plan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Primary Contribution

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of employer-delayed deposits to defined contribution plans on plan participant wealth. The history of regulatory oversight on the obligations of employers to remit deposits to defined contribution plans on behalf of employees is discussed. In light of these regulations, the paper discusses and examines situations in which employers may legally delay the deposit of employee contributions to a defined contribution plan and how the existence of various calendar anomalies may impact the returns of plan participants. Design/methodology/approach Simulated equity portfolios over the period 1985-2014 are created to determine the economic significance of possible delays in plan deposits on the accumulated wealth of plan participants. Findings The findings suggest that in situations where employees are paid monthly at the end of the month, it is always to their benefit to have their funds deposited as soon as possible. However, for employees paid weekly at the end of the week, a slight delay (one to three days) in the deposit of funds by the employer may actually be beneficial for the employee, particularly if the employee invests heavily in small and mid-cap stocks. Originality/value This is the first paper to explicitly study the impact of an employer’s timing of deposits to a defined contribution plan on the accumulated wealth of plan participants, and is thus the primary contribution of the paper.

Investor attention and market correction

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongdong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Trading Behavior ◽  
Investor Attention ◽  
Information Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
New Information ◽  
Positive Volume ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study disentangles the investor-base effect and the information effect of investor attention. The former leads to a larger investor base and higher stock returns, while the latter facilitates the dissemination of information among investors and impacts informational trading.Design/methodology/approachUsing positive volume shocks as a proxy for increased investor attention, this study evaluates the impacts of the investor-base effect and the information effect of investor attention on market correction following extreme daily returns in the US stock market from 1966 to 2018.FindingsThis study finds that the investor-base effect increases subsequent returns of both daily winner and daily loser stocks. The information effect leads to economically less significant return reversals for both the daily winner and daily loser stocks. These two effects tend to have economically more significant impacts on the daily loser stocks. The economic significance of these two effects is also related to firm size and the state of the stock market.Originality/valueThis study is the first to disentangle the investor-base effect and the information effect of increased investor attention. The evidence that the information effect facilitates the dissemination of new information and impacts stock returns contributes to the strand of studies on the impact of investor attention on market efficiency. This evidence also contributes to the strand of studies analyzing the impact of informational trading on stock returns. In addition, this study provides evidence for market overreaction and the subsequent correction. The results for up and down markets contribute to the literature on the investors' trading behavior.

Radiocarbon and the Archaeological Record: An Integrative Approach for Building an Absolute Chronology for the Late Bronze and Iron Ages of Israel

Radiocarbon ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Boaretto
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Impact

The establishment of an absolute chronology for the Late Bronze and Iron Ages in the southern Levant would make it possible to use changes in material culture in order to study the impact of trade, dissemination of knowledge, and the impact of climate on historical processes. To achieve this, a detailed absolute chronology is needed for individual sites and on a regional scale with a resolution that can differentiate events within a century. To realize this challenging goal, only samples from well-established primary contexts ought to be studied. Such primary contexts (with “dating assemblages”) can be identified by combining macroscopic with microscopic observations. Chronological studies at the sites of Qubur el-Walaydah, Tel es-Safi, and in particular, Megiddo, demonstrate that high-resolution dating can be achieved, with very few outliers in the data sets. The major limitation on applying this approach is the fact that we are currently constrained to dating short-lived samples (charred seeds and olive pits) and collagen from bones. Thus, an immediate goal of radiocarbon research is to develop the ability to date other short-lived materials, such as organic material occluded in siliceous plant phytoliths, wood ash, and possibly organic residues preserved in pottery vessels.

Not ‘Just Another Brick in the Wall?’ The Symbolism of Groundstone Tools in Natufian and Early Neolithic Southern Levantine Constructions

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Southern Levant ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Transition To Agriculture ◽  
Symbolic Content

A phenomenon noted in early sedentary and semi-sedentary settlements in the southern Levant is the use of groundstone tools as ‘building material’ incorporated into structure walls. It is argued in this article that these artefacts should not be perceived merely as construction material, but rather they should be seen as having a symbolic purpose owing to the social and economic significance that groundstone tools acquired during the transition to agriculture and the growing importance of food processing. This assumed symbolic purpose may also originate from ritual contexts in which these artefacts processed foodstuffs and other substances, thereby becoming ‘positive’ symbols of prosperity and success. Such symbolic content may result from their economic significance interlaced with their association with specific persona and familial and personal heritage. It is suggested that the qualities of the tools lent an element of potency to these artefacts and probably led to their inclusion in structure walls. The linkage between persona, space and positive potency may have granted status or protection to the structures and also may have assisted in marking ownership of the property.

An empirical investigation of the influence of municipal fiscal policy on firm growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1825-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Van Cauwenberge ◽  
Peter Beyne ◽  
Heidi Vander Bauwhede
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
The Impact

Over the last decades, many countries experienced a trend towards fiscal decentralisation, with the result that municipal governments have a largely increased degree of autonomy with respect to their fiscal policy. This shift has not been matched however with a change in the focus of the academic research on the economic effects of public finance, which is still predominantly conducted at the national and regional level. In this paper, we study the impact of municipal government taxation and spending on the growth rate of firms. We explore a panel dataset which combines detailed information from the financial accounts of Flemish municipalities with the financial reports of the firms located in those municipalities. Our analysis of data from close to 70,000 firms in 308 municipalities for the period 2004–2013 indicates that municipal fiscal policy has a statistically significant effect on firm added value growth and employment growth. No statistically significant effect was found on asset growth. Overall, the economic significance of municipal fiscal policy turns out to be small and is, for instance, not able to outweigh the effects of the recent financial crisis.

Social Structure and Patterns of Movement of the Western Pebble-mound Mouse, Pseudomys chapmani, at Marandoo, Western Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Anstee ◽  
J. D. Roberts ◽  
J. E. O'Shea
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Iron Ore Deposits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Mounds of the western pebble-mound mouse, Pseudomys chapmani, are found throughout the species’ Pilbara range in areas with iron-ore deposits of economic significance. Translocation techniques are being examined as a means of minimising the impact of mining on this species. In the absence of detailed information on the biology of Pseudomys chapmani, translocation is inadvisable. To provide such basic information, animal densities, mound demographics and population sizes, and home-range and core-area sizes were obtained by a combination of trapping and radio-tracking. Mounds of Pseudomys chapmani were found to be inhabited by social groups of up to 12 animals. Estimates of home-range size gave mean ( s.e.) values of 14·4 6·7 ha and 4·6 2·7 ha for males and females, respectively; core areas were recorded at 0·93 0·29 ha for males and 0·29 0·16 ha for females. Considerable overlap of home ranges was recorded between individuals from the same and different mounds. Overlap at the core-area level occurred only between individuals from the same mound. The high level of social complexity and mound fidelity indicates that translocations should be directed at the level of the social group rather than at the level of the individual.

Institutional barriers to productive public-sector entrepreneurship

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Strow ◽  
Claudia Strow
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Sector Entrepreneurship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline barriers to public-sector entrepreneurship and explore the impact of those barriers on population shifts within the USA. Design/methodology/approach This paper lays out five specific barriers to public-sector entrepreneurship: barriers to entry and exit for consumers and producers, increased centralization and concentration in government, the lack of residual claim amongst public-sector actors, the rise of public-sector union membership and increasingly uncompetitive elections. The paper then assesses the impact of each of these barriers on population and production changes within the USA from 2010 to 2017. Findings Those state governments with limited barriers for productive public-sector entrepreneurship are rewarded with faster growing populations. Specifically, states with higher incomes, less centralized spending, lower public-sector unionization rates and higher state credit ratings tend to experience the greatest levels of population growth. States with less centralized spending also experience the largest increases in gross state product per capita. Practical implications This paper offers practical applications for policy makers wishing to increase their tax bases, increase the standard of living for their constituents or increase the efficiency in production and distribution of government goods and services. In particular, this paper offers evidence that an improved credit rating carries the most economic significance for population gains. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to examine Tiebout effects from barriers to public-sector entrepreneurship in the USA. Researchers in fields including political science, economics, management and public policy have all contributed to our understanding of public entrepreneurship. And yet, there are still numerous barriers preventing productive public-sector entrepreneurship from occurring at an optimal level.

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