Acting and Thinking

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Ingmar Persson
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Reflex Action

This chapter has two main objectives. First, to defend the existence of a broad sense of action, which does not involve that anything is done intentionally, for instance, a reflex action. Such actions are simply causing something to happen. Secondly, to argue that, as opposed to thinking whether something is the case, occurrently thinking that something is the case, which is an actualization of the disposition of believing that it is the case, is not an action. Since these two claims are true, the broad sense of action and of thinking that something is the case can be employed in an account of acting intentionally for a reason which is reductionist in the sense of not using any concepts that are distinctive of action theory.

Symbolic Action Theory: Reducing Psychological Ethnocentrism

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 748-749
Author(s):  
Harry C. Triandis
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory ◽  
Symbolic Action

A Generic Model of Clinical Practice

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (03) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. G. Dietz ◽  
A. Hasman ◽  
P. F. de Vries Robbé ◽  
H. J. Tange
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Shared Care ◽  
Patient Record ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Problem Solver ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Process View

Summary Objectives: Many shared-care projects feel the need for electronic patient-record (EPR) systems. In absence of practical experiences from paper record keeping, a theoretical model is the only reference for the design of these systems. In this article, we review existing models of individual clinical practice and integrate their useful elements. We then present a generic model of clinical practice that is applicable to both individual and collaborative clinical practice. Methods: We followed the principles of the conversation-for-action theory and the DEMO method. According to these principles, information can only be generated by a conversation between two actors. An actor is a role that can be played by one or more human subjects, so the model does not distinguish between inter-individual and intra-individual conversations. Results: Clinical practice has been divided into four actors: service provider, problem solver, coordinator, and worker. Each actor represents a level of clinical responsibility. Any information in the patient record is the result of a conversation between two of these actors. Connecting different conversations to one another can create a process view with meta-information about the rationale of clinical practice. Such process view can be implemented as an extension to the EPR. Conclusions: The model has the potential to cover all professional activities, but needs to be further validated. The model can serve as a theoretical basis for the design of EPR-systems for shared care, but a successful EPR-system needs more than just a theoretical model.

Islamic-Secular Dialogue in the Arab World

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-89
Author(s):  
Mohammed El-Msaoui
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Political Sphere

Many debates between Islamists and secularists have taken place in the Arab political sphere with the aim of building bridges of communication between the two actors who contributed to the transformations that have taken place in the Arab world. Despite the multiple dialogues between Islamists and secularists, conflict and tension have prevailed on both sides, with conflict taking on all forms of material and moral violence. One of the most significant indicators of the crisis in communication is the emergence of violence. That being so, this study broaches the problem using Habermas’s basic idea, which focuses on violence as a disease of human discourse and communication. According to Habermas, violence is the result of distorted discourse between fundamentalists and others; it is a distorted discourse because it does not recognize the other as it is. The study employs the Habermas communicative action theory as a central concept. Accordingly, Habermas’s theory of communication is invoked to understand the causes of the escalation of violence in the Arab political sphere.

Beetles of the family Cryptophagidae (Coleoptera) in the collection of Zoological Museum of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ocheretna
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
World War ◽  
Identification Number ◽  
Comprehensive List ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
The Family ◽  
National University ◽  
Collection Sites

The Cryptophagidae collection (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) deposited at the Zoological Museum of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (ZMKU) is described. The main authors of the collection are well-known researchers from the 1910–1930s, Orest Marcu and Karl Penecke. This is the largest collection of cryptophagids among the natural museums of Ukraine containing 304 specimens belonging to 85 species of 13 genera. In addition, 15 specimens of 5 species belonging to the families Erotylidae, Biphyllidae and Languriidae were among Cryptophagidae specimens. The collection, according to information available in the ZMKU, came to the museum not earlier than 1947 as the indemnity for the results of the II World War, most likely from Chernivtsi, where Marcu and Penecke worked. The vast majority of specimens is collected in the territory of modern Romania and Ukraine, and many specimens came from Chernivtsi. A table with an overview of all key details of the specimens is given, in which there are 6 fields: the name of the species on the label, details on the species identification, number of specimens, collection locality with the name of collector and remarks on the specimen, in particular, the instructions for decoding collection sites from the original labels. Annotations are made on the amount of the collection and the most important specimens and re-identification for each of the 13 genera. Some specimens are lost, probably during numerous collection migrations. In particular, some species (Cryptophagus simplex, C. lapidicola, C. nitidulus, Caenoscelis subdeplanata, Atomaria grandicollis, A. peltata, etc.) are represented in the collection only by the labels. The collection is important for the analysis of the composition of the fauna of the Carpathian region in the broad sense, since some species are encountered in the collection rarely; therefore it is important to clarify their locations to form the most comprehensive list of species of the Cryptophagids in the region. Several species of the family were included on the actual list of the fauna of the region on the basis of the study of this collection, in particular: Atomaria linearis, A. analis, A. apicalis, A. gravidula, Cryptophagus fasciatus, C. setulosus, etc.

Dyadic Obligations over Complex Actions as Deontic Constraints in the Situation Calculus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Claßen ◽  
James Delgrande
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deontic Logic ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Situation Calculus ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Planning Techniques ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Reasoning About Action ◽  
The Given

With the advent of artificial agents in everyday life, it is important that these agents are guided by social norms and moral guidelines. Notions of obligation, permission, and the like have traditionally been studied in the field of Deontic Logic, where deontic assertions generally refer to what an agent should or should not do; that is they refer to actions. In Artificial Intelligence, the Situation Calculus is (arguably) the best known and most studied formalism for reasoning about action and change. In this paper, we integrate these two areas by incorporating deontic notions into Situation Calculus theories. We do this by considering deontic assertions as constraints, expressed as a set of conditionals, which apply to complex actions expressed as GOLOG programs. These constraints induce a ranking of "ideality" over possible future situations. This ranking in turn is used to guide an agent in its planning deliberation, towards a course of action that adheres best to the deontic constraints. We present a formalization that includes a wide class of (dyadic) deontic assertions, lets us distinguish prima facie from all-things-considered obligations, and particularly addresses contrary-to-duty scenarios. We furthermore present results on compiling the deontic constraints directly into the Situation Calculus action theory, so as to obtain an agent that respects the given norms, but works solely based on the standard reasoning and planning techniques.

Zhuangzi's no action theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Gui-hwoa Jung
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory

KONTEKS IBADAH MENURUT AL-QURAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Kallang
Keyword(s):  
Broad Sense ◽  
Wide Scope

AbstractWorship to God in the broad sense, also has a wide scope. Some are directly or indirectly. Directly is by way of worship hablun minallah. Indirectly is by fostering hablun minannas according to the command of God. The doctrine of worship should not be superficially understood, in which some interpret the worship to be merely a mahdhah worship, or only concerning ritual aspects such as prayer, fasting, and hajj. In fact, worship in the broad sense must also be understood, namely everything that is pleasing and favored by God in the form of deeds and speech is included worship. Keywords: Worship, Al-Quran, hablun minallah, hablun minannas

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