Proportionality

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-124
Author(s):  
Jonathan Quong
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
The Right

Chapter 4 develops and defends an original conception of proportionality in defensive force: the stringency principle. On this view, the degree of force to which a wrongful attacker renders himself liable is determined by the stringency of the right that the attacker threatens to violate. The more stringent the right that is threatened, the greater the degree of force to which the wrongful attacker is liable. The chapter also provides a critique of an influential alternative view, one that makes an attacker’s degree of liability depend, in part, on the attacker’s degree of moral responsibility for posing a wrongful threat.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Evan Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Agent Causation ◽  
The Right

This chapter lays out the book’s central question: Assuming agency reductionism—that is, the thesis that the causal role of the agent in all agential activities is reducible to the causal role of states and events involving the agent—is it possible to construct a defensible model of libertarianism? It is explained that most think the answer is negative and this is because they think libertarians must embrace some form of agent-causation in order to address the problems of luck and enhanced control. The thesis of the book is that these philosophers are mistaken: it is possible to construct a libertarian model of free will and moral responsibility within an agency reductionist framework that silences that central objections to libertarianism by simply taking the best compatibilist model of freedom and adding indeterminism in the right junctures of human agency. A brief summary of the chapters to follow is given.

scholarly journals The Strawsonian and Ledger Conception of Moral Responsibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (171) ◽  
pp. 231-249
Author(s):  
Steefan Cuypers
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
The Right

This paper returns to the very concept of moral responsibility. Its focus is not on the conditions but on the nature of moral responsibility. First, it introduces the Strawsonian and ledger conceptions of moral responsibility. Next, it contrasts and compares these conceptions. Finally, it evaluates both conceptions and asks which is the right one. Though this article works toward further clarifying the concept of moral responsibility, its conclusion is open-ended.

The Right to Custodial Legal Assistance in Europe: In Search for the Rationales

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Pivaty
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Procedural Rights

Following national transposition of procedural rights’ Directives, various eu and domestic authorities would need to interpret their provisions, including those concerning the right to custodial legal assistance. To inform this interpretation, account must be taken of the relevant ECtHR case law. However, many of the Directives’ provisions are so unclear, and the ECtHR approach is so inconsistent, that to achieve a coherent interpretation, it appears necessary to first identify the principles behind this right. This article examines these principles, in the form of rationales, from the theoretical, jurisprudential, and eu law perspectives. It concludes that the right should be conceived as grounded in a range of rationales, notwithstanding an alternative view that it serves (only) to protect the privilege against self-incrimination. The article fleshes out the consequences of this conclusion for interpreting some of the relevant Directives’ provisions, and for criminal defence practice.

scholarly journals Ausnahmezustand? Weitermachen, wie bisher, geht nicht mehr

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (186) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kronauer
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Social Reciprocity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Right

The comment takes a critical look at the article “Global Capitalism in a State of Emergency” written by the editorial board and published in PROKLA 185. It appreciates the analytical and political intensions of the article but questions the appropriateness of the term “state of emergency” to characterize global capitalism in its current conditions. It also deplores the lack of consequences of the analysis for the most pressing issue of the rise of right-wing groups and governments in Europe and the USA. In this respect, the comment suggests two topics which urgently deserve the attention of the Left. The first one concerns the reasons for the rise of the Right. The comment argues against the assumption of striking parallels to the rise of fascism in the 1920 and 1930s, proposes an alternative view (the undermining of institutionalized social reciprocity in decades of prevailing neoliberalism), and draws some conclusions. The second topic concerns the overrepresentation of workers among the supporters of right-wing parties. Here the comment calls upon the Left to embark on policies which aim at the regeneration of working-class consciousness and not to go for compromises with nationalism and xenophobia.

scholarly journals Making Islamic University and Madrasah as Society’s Primary Choice

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Abuddin Nata ◽  
Ahmad Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Upper Middle Class ◽  
The Right

Islamic university and Islamic-Based School (madrasah) in Indonesia can be the primary choice of society if adequately managed through the right strategic programs and efforts. This study used field and literature data. This study proved that since 1970 Islamic University and Madrasah became the choice of the upper-middle-class Muslim community. This situation can increase or decrease, depending on reliable teamwork that is willing to work with commitment and high moral responsibility.

Bringing Capital Back In, or Social Democracy Reconsidered: Employer Power, Cross-Class Alliances, and Centralization of Industrial Relations in Denmark and Sweden

1991 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The World ◽  
Industrial Conflict ◽  
The Right

The political domination of Social Democrats in Denmark and Sweden beginning in the 1930s was stabilized by the absence of intense opposition by capital to reformist programs aggressively opposed by business and the Right elsewhere in the world. This quiescence was not a symptom of weakness or dependency; rather, it was a product of a class-intersecting, cross-class alliance behind institutions of centralized industrial relations that served mutual interests of sectoral groupings dominating both union and employer confederations. Well-organized and militant, and backed by Social Democrats, employers in the two countries used offensive multi-industry lockouts to force centralization on reluctant unions. Analysis of these cross-class alliances and their pay-distributional objectives is used to challenge a widely held view that centralization and Social Democratic electoral strength are sources of power against capital. It also occasions a reassessment of conventional understandings of farmer-labor coalitions and the decline of industrial conflict in Scandinavia in the 1930s. According to the alternative view presented here, capital was included rather than excluded from these cross-class alliances, and industrial conflict subsided dramatically in part because employers achieved politically what they had previously tried to achieve with the lockout.

An Alternative View of a Hemodialysis–Life Balance: Life Reorganization of Korean Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 104365962098833
Author(s):  
Songsoon Kim ◽  
Jinhyang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
The Right

Introduction: Hemodialysis patients in Korea increased 2.3 fold from 2008 to 2018 and continues to rise 7% to 10% annually. Long-term treatment to prevent complications requires understanding patients’ hemodialysis–life balance. Our purpose was to explore the process of life reorganization by hemodialysis patients from Korea. Method: Grounded theory methodology was utilized. Participants were hemodialysis patients recruited from four hemodialysis centers in Korea. Data were collected by in-depth individual interviews. Data were analyzed using constant comparative method with theoretical saturation. Results: Participants ( n = 14) experienced four phases with transitions. A traditional Korean belief system, the view of blessing-focused destiny promoted a change in perspective from the focus on a life crisis, and thereby, played a role in buffering negative experience. Discussion: Nurses should assess the cultural individual needs of patients, which change according to each phase of life reorganization, and provide the right care at the right time to increase positive experiences.

scholarly journals Compatibilist Theories of Moral Responsibility and History: A Defence of Non-historical Compatibilism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Matthew O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
The Right ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

<p>In the recent philosophical literature, a debate has emerged between compatibilists over the nature of moral responsibility. Though they agree that agents need to exercise control over their actions to be morally responsible for them, some compatibilists have argued that history is a necessary component of moral responsibility. That is, historical compatibilists believe that an agent needs to have the right kind of history leading up to an action for that action to authentically belong to an agent. In this thesis, I will address the important arguments for historical compatibilism and argue that the position is incorrect. The position I will defend holds that exercising control over your actions is necessary and sufficient for moral responsibility and that considerations of history are not necessary. The position I defend is referred to as ‘non-historical compatibilism.’</p>

Spaces of the City

Global Cities ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gottlieb ◽  
Simon Ng
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Spatial Strategies ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The chapter analyzes and compares the different uses of urban space – whether public space, open space, or privatized space -- in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China. It contrasts the modernist spatial strategies that cater to the automobile and traffic flow and the desire for speed with an alternative view about a more walkable, bikeable, and transit friendly urban environment. It compares the immigrant and different ethnic experiences – a Latino immigrant urbanism in Los Angeles, elderly women dancing in the streets of the city in China, or the immigrant communities constructed in the village-in-the-city enclaves in places like Shenzhen and Guangzhou. It describes the rise of the gated communities in all three places in contrast to the growing advocacy around the right to the city for everyone.

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