The Churchill Syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-102
Author(s):  
Steven Fielding ◽  
Bill Schwarz ◽  
Richard Toye
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Second World ◽  
Point Of Reference

This chapter focuses on the way in which political actors of different stripes have used the idea of Churchill as a means of self-validation. It explores how, in the decades after his death, Churchill became a key point of reference in Anglo-American relations, a theme which intensified after the terrorist attacks of 9/11. The chapter also examines how Churchill has been used by those on both sides of the long-running debate about British membership of the European Union. Although Remainers invoked the memory of the 1946 ‘United States of Europe’ speech, they struggled to sell Churchill as a complex figure who was prepared to make concessions on British sovereignty in the interests of future peace. The ingrained, bulldog image remained hegemonic—even though Churchill’s popular reputation had shifted in subtle but significant ways since the end of the Second World War.

Book Reviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-121
Author(s):  
Thomas Klikauer ◽  
Norman Simms ◽  
Helge F. Jani ◽  
Bob Beatty ◽  
Nicholas Lokker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
First Century ◽  
New Right ◽  
Academic Press ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

Jay Julian Rosellini, The German New Right: AfD, PEGIDA and the Re-imagining of National Identity (London: C. Hurst, 2019).Simon Bulmer and William E. Paterson, Germany and the European Union: Europe’s Reluctant Hegemon? (London: Red Globe Press, 2019).Susan Neiman, Learning from the Germans: Race and the Memory of Evil (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2019).Stephan Jaeger, The Second World War in the Twenty-First-Century Museum: From Narrative, Memory, and Experience to Experientiality (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020).Robert M. Jarvis, Gambling under the Swastika: Casinos, Horse Racing, Lotteries, and Other Forms of Betting in Nazi Germany (Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2019).

Evolution of the German concepts of military cooperation in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 11-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Żurek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Eu

Germany’s military cooperation with European partners is undertaken either within the European Union or outside its structures. The cooperation within the European Union takes place mainly on two levels: inter-governmental and supranational. The cooperation outside the EU is also focused on two levels: bilateral and multilateral. The author’s intention is to identify the direction of the evolution of the German concepts of military cooperation in Europe during the reign of Angela Merkel using a multi-level approach. Concepts co-created or co-implemented by Germany assume that strong and united Europe can counteract external threats by development of its own military component. It is clear, that there is conceptual asymmetry, that is why there are more intergovernmental concepts (military missions, PESCO, strengthened CSDP, EI2) than transnational concepts, from which we distinguish the only one, e.g. the concept of the European army. The influence on the evolution of the German concepts can have an integral federalism, which this country adheres to, and which was implemented after the Second World War into the political and administrative system, i.e. system based on multilevelness and cooperation of authorities, that has proved effective, so it can also be effective in multi-level military cooperation in the EU.

scholarly journals Anti-establishment voting and Euroscepticism: The case of Italy and the Five Star Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Di Lieto ◽  
Bruno Mascitelli
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Five Star Movement ◽  
Second World ◽  
Historic Approach

This paper explores the meaning of the Italian anti-establishment voting and whether the Five Star Movement’s anti-establishment label is appropriate. More specifically the investigation addresses the policies of the Five Star Movement towards the now creaking European Union, especially as growing Euroscepticism has been boosted by the Brexit referendum and the Trump dismissal and disdain for the European Union. In doing so, the paper examines the historic approach of so-called ‘anti- establishment’ parties that have had an almost ‘normal’ occurrence within the Italian political environment since the end of the Second World War. In this sense the paper concludes that addressing parties and systems as anti-establishment does little to help our understanding of this most fluid political period in Italy and across Europe.

scholarly journals The European Union a stepping stone to further integration or rather a Eurocentric fortress?

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Maren Kraushaar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
World War ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
National Power ◽  
Internal Integration ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
Second World

The European Union a stepping stone to further integration or rather a Eurocentric fortress? Still with the memory of the destructive national power of the Second World War, the main initiators of the European integration stirred this project with the objective of preventing further conflicts through economic integration. Closer economic ties, spilling over to more countries and more policy areas lead to the development of an ever closer union which has become a powerful actor in international affairs. This essay will explore the question to what extent the European Union can be characterized as Eurocentric regionalism, rather focused on internal integration and enforcing outside borders than on global understanding. In order to shed light on this question several policy areas will be analysed, such as the European aid and trade policy, as well as the agricultural policy as these are areas where the European Union is directly confronted with external politics and international interests.

scholarly journals Internationalization of Universities: 70 Years of Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Vladimir Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
International Policies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe creation of the IAU 70 years ago was one of the consequences of evolving international life following the Second World War. This featured the evolution of organizations such as the United Nations, UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the European Union. In higher education, new international policies led to the internationalization of universities (Altbach, 2010). From the beginning, the IAU became one of the international platforms where universities exchanged experiences and built relations. In the acting strategy of IAU adopted in 2016, internationalization is one of the four priorities.

scholarly journals OCHRONA KONSUMENTA NA PRZEŁOMIE EPOK – INSTYTUCJA RĘKOJMI W PRAWIE NAJNOWSZYM

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Anna Falkowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Second World ◽  
Union Directive

CONSUMER PROTECTION AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY –WARRANTY IN MODERN POLISH LAW Summary The presented article is devoted to development of warranty institution in the Polish modern law. The time frames of this article include the period between 1918 and 2003. The first date marks the beginning of the independent Polish country after the Second World War. The second date is connected with introducing in Poland a new law which implements the European Union directive. This new law concerns consumers and instead of a traditional warranty it introduces a new term of conformity with the contract.

scholarly journals Euro-Centrism vs. International Thinking

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Josephine Liebl
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
World War ◽  
National Politics ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Lasting Peace ◽  
Second World

The idea of a united Europe is generally believed to be something positive, especially as it represents values like democracy and tolerance. The practical construct resulting from this idea, the former European Economic Community (EEC), has been created in reaction to the moral, political and economic destruction Europe went through during the Second World War and therefore embodies the “concept of a long-lasting peace (Wallström, 2004). As the EEC has developed from a unity based on economical cooperation into the European Union (EU), a political construct with growing influence on national politics, the question arises whether it is legitimate at all (Obradovic, 1996, p.191).

scholarly journals EUROPEAN COMMON DEFENCE A NEW CHALLENGE FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Florin Tudorache
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Security ◽  
World War ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

The efforts for peace at the end of the Second World War were based on the belief that only through "European unification" was there hope for an end to a chapter in Europe's recent history of war, bloodshed and destruction. The supreme objectives of safeguarding peace, but also of economic unification, contained in the Constitutive Treaties of the European Communities were impregnated with the fundamental intention of ensuring peace. The Treaties that gave birth to the European Communities and the Union confirm that the goal of peace has succeeded, and that a violent confrontation between Member States is currently unlikely. On the other hand, the conflicts that have affected the former Yugoslavia have shown that peace and democracy in Europe are not as obvious as they seemed. The Yugoslav crisis has also shown that it is vital to act in support of peace beyond the borders of the conflict-free zone within the European Union. The paper aims to analyze the evolution of the concept of common European defence, in order to identify features and trends of the European security environment that can provide an image of the future options of the European Union in the field of defence.

scholarly journals On the criminal act of violation of the business equality

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 258-267
Author(s):  
Vesna Stojković
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Positive Effect

The Montenegrin Criminal Law was adopted on December 17, 2003 and it is a first codification in this field of law in Montenegro after the Second World War. In general, it produced a positive effect in the Montenegrin legal history, but on the other hand had significant shortcomings. In this paper we paid special attention to Article 269 which relates to the violation of the business equality. We analyzed this Article and compared it with a group of market behaviors on the European electricity market - a new, progressively growing market in the European Union. Finally, we made some conclusions and suggested improvement of this Article.

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