Why This Time and Place?

Born to Write ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Neil Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
The Revolution

From about the late fifteenth century onwards, literature and learning acquired increased importance for the social position of noble and elite-commoner families in France. One reason is the expansion and rise to prominence of the royal office-holder milieu, which had no exact equivalent in, say, England, where the aristocracy was much smaller than the French nobility and where there was no equivalent of the French system of venality of office. In France, family literature often helped extend across the generations a relationship between two families—that of the literary producer and that of the monarch. From the late Middle Ages, the conditions for family literature were made more favourable by broad social shifts. Although this study focuses mainly on the period from the late fifteenth to the mid-seventeenth century, it is likely that the production of works from within families of literary producers thrived especially up to the Revolution.

The Savior, the Woman, and the Head of the Dragon in the Caput Masses and Motet

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE WALTERS ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Immaculate Conception ◽  
Genesis 3 ◽  
Johannes Ockeghem ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Lasting Influence

Abstract God's dramatic curse of Adam, Eve, and the serpent, as recorded in Genesis 3:14–15, contains a theological ambiguity that played out in the visual arts, literature, and, as this article contends, music of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Translations of this passage leave in doubt whether a male, a female, or both, will defeat sin by crushing Satan's head (“caput”). This issue lies at the heart of the three Caput masses by an anonymous Englishman, Johannes Ockeghem, and Jacob Obrecht, and the Caput Motet for the Virgin by Richard Hygons from the Eton Choirbook. Fifteenth-century discussions of the roles of Christ and Mary in confronting sin, often called the “head of the dragon,” help unravel the meaning of these works. The Caput masses are Christ-focused and emphasize the Savior or one of his surrogates suppressing the beast's head, as seen in illumination, rubric, and canon found in the masses. Folklorically based rituals and concepts of liturgical time are similarly built around the idea of the temporary reign of the Devil, who is ultimately trodden down by Christ. Hygons's motet appears after celebration of the Immaculate Conception was authorized in the late fifteenth century. This feast proclaimed Mary's conquest of sin through her own trampling on the dragon; the motet stresses Marian elements of the Caput theology, especially the contrast between the Virgin's spotlessness and Eve's corruption. Features of the Caput tradition mirror topics discussed in astrological and astronomical treatises and suggest that the composer of the original Caput Mass may also have been an astronomer. The disappearance of the Caput tradition signals its lasting influence through its progeny, which rise up in yet another renowned family of polyphonic masses. Together, the Caput masses and motet encompass the multifaceted doctrine of Redemption from the late middle ages under one highly symbolic Caput rubric.

scholarly journals El cabildo de curas y beneficiados de Toledo en la segunda mitad del siglo XV. Composición y aspectos institucionales (1455-1488) = The Chapter of Priests and Incumbents of Toledo in the Second Half of the Fifteenth Century. Composition and Institutional Aspects (1455-1488)

2018 ◽  
pp. 521546
Author(s):  
Jesús Olivet García-Dorado
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Institutional Aspects

Este trabajo tiene como objeto fundamental el estudio de las cofradías clericales en la Baja Edad Media, en concreto el Cabildo de Curas y Beneficiados de Toledo en la segunda mitad del siglo XV. Mediante el estudio de cuatro obituarios de esta institución, se puede conocer la composición y el desarrollo institucional de estas corporaciones y su importancia en el medio social, donde desarrollaron sus actividades.The main purpose of this article is to study clerical brotherhoods in the late Middle Ages, specifically the Chapter of Priests and Incumbents of Toledo in the second half of the fifteenth century. The composition and the institutional development of these corporations and its meaning in the social environment, where they carried out its activities, can be determined through the study of four of this institution’s obituaries.

scholarly journals 'A Thing of Beauty is a Joy Forever’

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-269
Author(s):  
Frits Scholten
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Central Image ◽  
Private Devotion ◽  
To Come ◽  
Late Fifteenth

A somewhat neglected late fifteenth-century panel from the collection of the Amsterdam-Swiss surgeon and art collector Otto Lanz, which he cherished, is investigated here. This article argues persuasively that the panel is a devotional tabernacle, intended for private devotion, of a kind that often hung on the wall of a bedchamber in the late Middle Ages. The missing central image may have been a Virgin and Child or a Pietà. Lanz attributed the carving to the woodcarver Antonio di Neri Barili or Barile (1453-1516). Barile was the most important woodcarver in Siena, who worked for distinguished clients, among them the Piccolomini family, which was responsible for introducing the Roman all’antica style to Siena shortly after 1500. The tabernacle contains the family’s coat of arms and various motifs that correspond to documented work by Barili, and was carved in his characteristic crisp, open style. If this panel is indeed by Barili, it would be the smallest surviving object in its own right to come out of his workshop.

scholarly journals A Muslim Holy Man to Convert Christians in a Transottoman Setting: Approaches to Sarı Saltuk from the Late Middle Ages to the Present

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
Stefan Rohdewald
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Near East ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Holy Man

Interpretations of texts on Sarı Saltuk may serve as a central example of the entanglement of Muslim and Christian contexts in (south-)eastern Europe and the Near East. Analyzing the fifteenth-century Saltuk-nâme and reports by Evliya Çelebi from the seventeenth century, a wide extension of the area concerned, as far as Poland-Lithuania, Muscovy and Sweden, can be observed. With the change of the contents of reports from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, an increasing interest in Christians participating in the veneration of sites connected to Sarı Saltuk can be remarked. Yet descriptions of a veneration of Sarı S altuk in a non-Muslim setting r emain firmly embedded in Christian contexts, complicating a transreligious interpretation of them. In today’s Turkish perspective, though, Sarı Saltuk is no longer contextualized in a manner encompassing Russia and Poland, too, but much more in a context focusing on and affirming national Turkish Anatolian or nationalized post-Ottoman contents in the Balkans.

Supplica la mia parvidade…

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gudrun Held
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Period ◽  
The Public ◽  
Classical Study ◽  
Culturally Congruent ◽  
The Social ◽  
Textual Practices ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Speech Events

This paper studies the public communication act of petitions made in the Middle Ages by subjects to their governors in situations of high personal need. Analysing an edited corpus of correspondence in Anglo-Norman and Italian chancelleries of the early thirteenth to the late fifteenth century, I attempt to identify verbal means that are related to what is today defined as “face” and “facework”, and to discuss this evidence in the tension modern pragmatics establishes between common “politic” and marked “polite” behaviour. Parting from the three-fold conception where all speech events have to be considered in their whole as social, discursive and textual practices, I briefly retrace the social and legal conditions of petitions and describe their particular discursive character on the threshold of two transitions: from orality to literacy and from Latin to vernacular. The data analysis is concerned with the textual cues bound to structural, syntactic and semantic constraints. Pointing out the most striking features of these three aspects and listing the most frequent forms that are cross-culturally congruent, I identify medieval facework as a ritual, but consciously iconic shaping of a power ideal at the intersection of political, juristic and religious implications. As formality is a shared value based on social position and role, no sign of reflexive politeness behaviour can be verified in this early period. Variations are simply attributed to the habits of the different chancelleries and their scribes. Though identified as unmarked politic behaviour, the common procedures in the medieval petition letters can nevertheless be seen as general face-saving strategies in response to the threatening character of requests. Thus the historical data shed light on the conception of linguistic politeness in the first-order and the second-order senses of the term and are useful to advance new hypotheses in the pragmatic discussion since Brown and Levinson’s classical study.

scholarly journals La ruptura de un equilibrio. El siglo XV y la paulatina ocupación y degradación de los espacios naturales zaragozanos = Breaking a Balance. The Fifteenth Century and the Progressive Occupation and Degradation of the Natural Spaces in Zaragoza

2020 ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
David Lacámara Aylón
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Vision ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Precise Moment

El surgimiento de la conciencia social en torno a la necesaria conservación de los espacios naturales ha llevado a la intervención de diversos actores que se han involucrado en un intento por frenar su degradación y desaparición. Pero dicho proceso hunde sus raíces en épocas que se remontan varios siglos y que se relacionan con la evolución misma de la sociedad principalmente occidental y sus necesidades. A través de la búsqueda documental primaria se pretende rastrear el momento en el que se produjo precisamente la ruptura entre el ser humano y el entorno natural en el que se desenvolvía y mostrar la manera en que dicha evolución comenzó a ser palpable en Zaragoza a fines de la Edad Media. Ello permite trazar una visión global del fenómeno, sus motivaciones primigenias y las consecuencias que tuvo en los comienzos de un movimiento general de antropización del espacio que derivó hasta llegar a nuestros días.AbstractThe emergence of the social awareness about the necessary preservation of natural spaces has led to the engagement of different actors which have been involved in an attempt to counter their degradation and disappearance. But this procedure is deeply rooted in ancient epoques related to the evolution of the western society and its needs. Through the primary documentary search it is intended to trace the precise moment when the break between the human being and the natural environment where he lived and to show the way in which this evolution began to be tangible in Zaragoza during the Late Middle Ages. This allows to outline a global vision of this phenomenon, its original motivations and the consequences that it had at the begining of a general movement of anthropization which derived until our time.

A Crooked Mirror for Princes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlína Rychterová
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Bourgeois Culture ◽  
Mirrors For Princes

This chapter examines the growing importance of the vernacular languages during the later Middle Ages in shaping the form, content, and audiences of political discourse. It presents a famously wicked king of the late Middle Ages, Wenceslas IV (1361–1419), as a case study and traces the origins of his bad reputation to a group of fourteenth- and fifteenth-century writings. These have often been dismissed as fictions or studied solely as literature, but in fact they represent new modes of articulating good and bad kingship. The chapter shows that, in the context of an increasingly literate bourgeois culture, especially in university cities, these vernacular works transformed Latin theological approaches to monarchy, while rendering mirrors for princes and related literatures accessible to an unprecedented audience.

MARCEL PAGNOL'S THE BAKER'S WIFE, A CINEMATIC CHARIVARI IN POPULAR FRONT FRANCE

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRETT BOWLES
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Popular Front ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
National Union ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

Taking an anthropological approach, this article interprets Pagnol's critically acknowledged classic as a reinvention of a carnivalesque ritual practised in France from the late middle ages through the late 1930s, when ethnographers observed its last vestiges. By linking La Femme du boulanger (The baker's wife, 1938) to contemporaneous debates over gender, national decadence, and the definition of French cultural identity, I argue that the film recycles the charivari's long-standing function as a tool of popular protest against social and political practices regarded as detrimental to the welfare of the nation. In the context of the Popular Front, Pagnol's charivari ridiculed divisive partisan politics pitting Left against Right, symbolically purged class conflict from the social body, and created a new form of folklore that served as a focal point for the communitarian ritual of movie-going among the urban working and middle classes. In so doing, the film promoted the ongoing shift in public support away from the Popular Front in favour of a conservative ‘National Union’ government under Prime Minister Edouard Daladier, who in 1938–9 assumed the role of France's newest political patriarch.

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