scholarly journals The Corporate Tax Haven Index

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-111
Author(s):  
Leyla Ates ◽  
Alex Cobham ◽  
Moran Harari ◽  
Petr Janský ◽  
Markus Meinzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Tax Haven ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Geography

In this chapter, we set out a new approach to the geography of profit shifting, based on a range of objectively verifiable criteria. These are combined in the Corporate Tax Haven Index, published for the first time in 2019. We present the technical argument for the index as a meaningful representation of the global distribution of the risks of corporate tax abuse and explore the new geography that emerges. Our findings show the UK’s dominant responsibility for corporate tax avoidance risks and the colonial roots of many exploitative double tax treaties. We discuss the index’s political implications for the immediate process of international tax reform, and for the longer-term prospects for global governance in this area. Greater clarity about the geography of profit shifting is likely to support growing demands for redistribution not only of taxing rights but also of decision-making power in the global architecture for tax governance.

Tax Abuse and Implications for Human Rights in Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 189-208
Author(s):  
Annet Wanyana Oguttu ◽  
Monica Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
International Taxation ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Development Goals

This chapter analyzes whether the international tax reform measures instituted under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project are effective in ensuring African countries get a fair share of taxes from multinational enterprises (MNEs) transacting within their borders, so that they can finance their development goals and promote the human rights of their citizens. The OECD chose to focus on curtailing sophisticated tax-avoidance schemes by strengthening existing anti-avoidance provisions. MNEs have abused these existing laws, however, making them largely ineffective. Given that MNEs are always a step ahead in devising new tax-avoidance strategies, one wonders whether emphasis on strengthening anti-avoidance laws will achieve much. The OECD seems to have missed an opportunity to evaluate the whole tax system and deal with the very root of the problems inherent in international taxation.

G20 countries will adopt new corporate tax accord

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Tax Treaties ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The Eu

Significance The rulings come as the EU advances legislation to increase transparency on corporate tax rulings and after the G20 on October 9 endorsed the new OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) framework for countering corporate tax avoidance. Impacts These EU rulings suggest similar decisions are imminent involving Apple in Ireland and Amazon in Luxembourg. The rulings will inspire further challenges to similar arrangements; they are the major threat to similar policies. Most BEPS measures will require changes to bilateral tax treaties and could face national-level delays or rejections. Monitoring of BEPS implementation will commence, but compliance will be voluntary and thus limited.

Ending the Tax Haven Scandals

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1850175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Kudrle
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Formula Apportionment ◽  
Automatic Information ◽  
Tax Haven ◽  
The World ◽  
Taking Action

States around the world appear more determined than ever to end tax haven abuse. The new U.S. administration, for example, is taking action against both major tax haven problems: corporation income tax avoidance and personal income tax evasion. Some progress may be made. This essay argues, however, that only radically new policy will likely suffice either to shore up corporate tax revenues or to sharply diminish evasion. Global formula apportionment is needed if the corporate income tax is to be preserved, and only a combination of automatic information sharing among governments and source withholding can stamp out evasion. As in most areas of international economic policy, U.S. leadership is essential.

scholarly journals CSR and tax: a study in the transition from an ‘aggregate’ to ‘real entity’ view of corporations

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-573
Author(s):  
Bronwyn McCredie ◽  
Kerrie Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Fourth Dimension ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mapping Software ◽  
Real Entity ◽  
Social Environmental

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically test whether corporates, via publicly disclosed sentiment and in response to government initiatives such as domestic corporate tax reform measures that address transparency, are beginning to view tax as a fourth dimension of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Design/methodology/approach To determine whether corporate attitudes towards tax are changing, representations about the corporate entity by a variety of stakeholders and through numerous channels were analysed using Leximancer software. These representations were in response to four distinct Australian domestic tax reform measures instituted during and subsequent to the Australian Government Senate Inquiry into corporate tax avoidance. The use of Leximancer, a data-analysis and mapping software that automates the coding of document text, delineates concepts and identifies themes, is well suited to the nature and size of the data used (Lodhia and Martin, 2011) and ensures the validity and reliability of the results (Dumay, 2014). Findings This paper provides evidence on the efficacy of global and domestic tax-reform measures that target tax avoidance through transparency. This is demonstrated by a progressive change in corporate attitudes towards tax and suggests a transition, albeit nascent, from the aggregate view to the real entity view of a corporation. As such, this study provides evidence of the inception of a corporate conscience when it comes to tax, whereby tax is instituted as a fourth dimension of CSR. Research limitations/implications Using a theoretical framework which adopts the historically accepted views of the firm, the authors argue that a shift from the aggregate view to the real entity view of a corporation will have the following implications: an expansion of the dimensional factors of CSR (economic, social, environmental and tax); a new standard or definition of corporate responsibility which encompasses both legal and moral considerations and has transparency at its core (Narotzki, 2016); and a new outlook where consumers realise that they have the power to influence and demand action from corporates. Originality/value This paper uses state-of-the-art software to empirically test the efficacy of global and domestic tax reform measures that target transparency, ultimately providing evidence supporting the adoption of these measures and the recognition of a new dimension of CSR, tax.

Ireland’s tax games: the challenge of tackling corporate tax avoidance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nessa Ní Chasaide
Keyword(s):  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Tax Havens ◽  
Development Path ◽  
Corporate Profit ◽  
Tax Haven ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Financial Transactions

Abstract The phenomenon of financialization has given rise to new modes of corporate profit accumulation. This includes the creation of global channels for corporate tax avoidance that are embedded in the operations of global firms. Due to a lack of transparency by multinational companies (MNCs), these channels, and their tax implications, are not easily identified or understood. This article sets out the workings of the ‘global tax games’ which operate via intracompany financial transactions alongside the reorganization of the functions of MNCs. The article highlights the consequences for communities of corporate tax avoidance, whereby corporate shareholders and tax haven states profit at the expense of other states and communities. Thus, people living in tax havens, often unknowingly, benefit from tax revenues that should have been paid elsewhere. It offers a case study of Ireland, an understudied case, but which is repeatedly identified as a key node in the global network of corporate tax avoidance. It emphasizes that, in the case of Ireland, a precursor to a potential alternative development path is the acknowledgement of its problematic role.

scholarly journals International Corporate Tax Avoidance

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-128
Author(s):  
Alex Cobham ◽  
Petr Janský
Keyword(s):  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
Methodological Innovation ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Illicit Financial Flows ◽  
Lower Income Countries

exy2Tax avoidance by multinational companies is the most widely recognised tax abuse, and also the most heavily researched aspect of illicit financial flows (IFF). This chapter provides a critical survey of the leading estimates, highlighting the range of methodological innovation and alternative data. While the global range of estimated revenue losses is wide (between around $200bn and $600bn a year), consistent findings include that it is only a handful of jurisdictions that benefit from profit shifting at the expense of all others; and that lower-income countries lose the highest share of current tax revenues. While there is no single, perfect estimate in the literature, it does point the way to a potential indicator for the UN target.

scholarly journals Professional Competition in Global Tax Reform: Transparency in Global Wealth Chains

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Corlin Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Policy Environment ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
High Level

In the wake of the Great Recession, international corporate taxation has risen to the top of the global political agenda. With states seeking to shore up national fiscal systems, the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project has emerged as the key response in this regard. Among 15 action points, Action 13 on corporate tax transparency has been particularly prominent. By shaping the feasibility of corporate tax strategies and the information resources available to national tax authorities, the Action 13 policy recommendations will fundamentally reconfigure the context of corporate tax behaviour and global wealth chains, i.e. strategies and structures for wealth creation and protection in the global economy. How did these new critical rules come about? Unfortunately, little is known about the micro-level process, dynamics and actors of the BEPS project. This paper provides an original case study of the changing international tax system and the regulatory context of global wealth chains, based on an investigation of the professionals engaged in global tax reform. Drawing on observations, interviews and sequence analysis of professional careers, it studies the dynamics of the professional policy environment and identifies distinct career and knowledge trends. The paper shows that professional competition for prestige and knowledge played a central role in the complex, transnational policy process. Operating within a technical policy environment, far removed from high-level politics, professionals seeking to make their mark on new standards for corporate tax transparency mobilised expertise and network capital, shaping what could be discussed, the criteria for accepted arguments, and who was listened to in the policy process, thus critically affecting the final policy outcomes.

THE NEW APPROACH TO WATER SCARCITY DEVELOPED BETWEEN 2003 AND 2006 BY THE REGIONAL AUTHORITY IN THE PARIS REGION

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Regional Authority ◽  
Paris Region ◽  
Urbanized Region ◽  
First Time

For the first time in its modern history, water restriction measures were implemented during the summer 2006 in Paris. This article describes the weather conditions and the decision making of such an unprecedented event. Furthermore, the new approach to solidarity with the areas where water is extracted and derived to supply the urbanized region of Paris.

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