scholarly journals The Emergence of New Corporations

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-193
Author(s):  
Oddný Helgadóttir
Keyword(s):  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Banking Secrecy ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
New Form ◽  
New Entrants

This chapter centres on ‘Luxury Freeports’, which are specialized storage sites where art and other high-end goods can be kept indefinitely without tax and duty-payments being made. The chapter makes the case that Luxury Freeports are best understood as new entrants in the ‘offshore world’, and shows how these sites have, over the course of the last ten years, taken up a new niche role in the evolving global ecosystem of tax avoidance. Further, it examines the rapid spread of this new form of offshore and traces it back to the combination of spillover effects within the offshore world itself. More specifically, Luxury Freeports stem from the juncture of a competitive ‘push’ from the rapid spread of Open Customs Warehouses at the turn of the century and the investment ‘pull’ of large pools of money needing new investment outlets in the wake of the recent multilateral effort to clamp down on banking secrecy.

The new luxury freeports: Offshore storage, tax avoidance, and ‘invisible’ art

2020 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2097271
Author(s):  
Oddný Helgadóttir
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Art World ◽  
Banking Secrecy ◽  
Wealth Management ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
New Form ◽  
And Diffusion

This paper introduces the concept of a Luxury Freeport to describe a novel form of offshore where art and other high-end goods can be stored indefinitely without tax and duty-payments being made. The paper makes three key contributions to our understanding of these new actors in the global political economy. First, it conceptualizes Luxury Freeports as part of what has been called the ‘offshore world’, showing that over the course of the last decade these previously understudied sites have become part of an evolving global ecosystem of tax avoidance. Second, the paper attributes the rise of this new form of offshore to meso-level spillover effects within the offshore world itself: this new model of offshore was born from a combination of the competitive ‘push’ of the rapid spread of Open Customs Warehouses at the turn of the century and the investment ‘pull’ of large pools of money needing new investment outlets in the wake of the recent multilateral effort to clamp down on banking secrecy. Third, it examines how the development and diffusion of the Luxury Freeport model has been shaped and constrained by this clampdown. Navigating the regulatory push against offshore and in an effort to mainstream and legitimize their activities, newer Luxury Freeports have aligned themselves both with the exclusive and high cultural capital environment of the art world and the ecosystem of specialized services offered by the wealth management industry.

Monodisperse single nanodiamond particulates

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1365-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Ōsawa
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Detonation Nanodiamond ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
New Form ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Detonation nanodiamond (DN) was discovered in 1963, but for several reasons was known only among a small number of scientists until the turn of the century. The most serious cause was the fact that primary nanocarbon particles formed by the "bottom-up method" are in general covalently bound together under high-temperature and -pressure conditions to form large agglutinates, which were difficult to separate by conventional methods. DN was not an exception. A breakthrough led to the isolation of primary particles having the expected size of 4-5 nm by wet-milling with zirconia micro-beads. Thus, long-waited primary particles of DN finally became available in kg quantities in the form of colloidal sol, gel, and readily redispersible flakes. Progress in the development of a new form of the old material is presented.

scholarly journals Framing the tax and health nexus: a neglected aspect of public health concern

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mccoy ◽  
Simukai Chigudu ◽  
Taavi Tillmann
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Banking Secrecy ◽  
Shadow Economies ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Improve Health

AbstractPrevious studies have described various associations between tax policy and health. Here we propose a unifying conceptual framework of ‘Five R’s’ to stimulate awareness about the importance of tax to health improvement. First, tax can improverepresentationand democratic accountability, and help make governments more responsive to the needs of its citizens. Second, tax can create arevenuestream for a universal pool of public finance for health care and other public services. Third, progressive taxation when combined with appropriate public spending can helpredistributewealth and income and mitigate social and health inequalities. Fourth, there-pricingof harmful products (e.g. tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy food) can help reduce their consumption. Fifth, taxation provides a route by which certain harmful industries can beregulated. The paper also discusses the barriers that hinder the full potential for taxation to be used to improve health, including: weak tax administrations, large ‘shadow economies’, international trade liberalisation, tax avoidance, transfer pricing by transnational corporations and banking secrecy. We suggest that a greater awareness of the manifold associations between tax and health will encourage health practitioners to actively promote fairer and better taxation, thereby helping to improve health and reduce health inequalities.

Coping with boycotts: An analysis and framework

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Al Shebil ◽  
Abdul A Rasheed ◽  
Hussam Al-Shammari
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
New Entrants ◽  
Consumer Boycotts ◽  
Activist Groups

AbstractIn recent years, consumer boycotts are increasingly being used by various activist groups to punish targeted countries. This paper develops an analytic framework to help managers formulate strategies to cope with country-of-origin-related consumer boycotts. Based on the two dimensions of brand–country association and boycott intensity, we propose four possible strategies. We discuss spillover effects wherein certain firms become unintended victims of boycotts due to misperceptions about their nationality. Also discussed are economic opportunities that boycotts present to potential new entrants.

Coping with boycotts: An analysis and framework

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Al Shebil ◽  
Abdul A Rasheed ◽  
Hussam Al-Shammari
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
New Entrants ◽  
Consumer Boycotts ◽  
Activist Groups

AbstractIn recent years, consumer boycotts are increasingly being used by various activist groups to punish targeted countries. This paper develops an analytic framework to help managers formulate strategies to cope with country-of-origin-related consumer boycotts. Based on the two dimensions of brand–country association and boycott intensity, we propose four possible strategies. We discuss spillover effects wherein certain firms become unintended victims of boycotts due to misperceptions about their nationality. Also discussed are economic opportunities that boycotts present to potential new entrants.

Did The High Court Reach An Economic Low In Verizon v. FCC?

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Weisman
Keyword(s):  
Federal Agency ◽  
High Court ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Telecommunications Act ◽  
New Form ◽  
New Entrants

The Supreme Court's decision in Verizon v. FCC rests on two errant interpretations of the 1996 Telecommunications Act: First, the Act represents a new form of regulation rather than a deregulatory statute; Second, Congress intended that the playing field be tilted in favor of new entrants. Under the Chevron Doctrine, deference is given to the controlling federal agency if there is a "rational connection" between the regulations and statutory intent. The Court ruled that the FCC's implementation of the Act survives that scrutiny. This discussion contests that finding and argues that the FCC's regulations undermine the goals of the Act.

scholarly journals The broader societal impacts of COVID-19 and the growing importance of capturing these in health economic analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Schnitzler ◽  
Luca M. M. Janssen ◽  
Silvia M. A. A. Evers ◽  
Louise J. Jackson ◽  
Aggie T. G. Paulus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Broader Impacts ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Societal Impacts ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Do So

Abstract The rapid spread of the current COVID-19 pandemic has affected societies worldwide, leading to excess mortality, long-lasting health consequences, strained healthcare systems, and additional strains and spillover effects on other sectors outside health (i.e., intersectoral costs and benefits). In this perspective piece, we demonstrate the broader societal impacts of COVID-19 on other sectors outside the health sector and the growing importance of capturing these in health economic analyses. These broader impacts include, for instance, the effects on the labor market and productivity, education, criminal justice, housing, consumption, and environment. The current pandemic highlights the importance of adopting a societal perspective to consider these broader impacts of public health issues and interventions and only omit these where it can be clearly justified as appropriate to do so. Furthermore, we explain how the COVID-19 pandemic exposed and exacerbated existing deep-rooted structural inequalities that contribute to the wider societal impacts of the pandemic.

The karyotype of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L Blackman ◽  
M Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Host Races ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
New Form ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
B Biotype

Whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) group are a major and increasing problem for agriculture throughout the world. In particular, the appearance and rapid spread of a highly virulent new form (silver-leaf whitefly, or B-biotype; Brown et ah, 1995), and recognition that the problem involves a complex of sibling species, host races and/or biotypes has stimulated intensive multidisciplinary research on this insect in recent years (Gerling & Mayer, 1996).

scholarly journals Courvvot

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 208-210
Author(s):  
Nilla Outakoski
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
The People ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Wildfire Spread ◽  
Local Movement

The roots of the Laestadian movement have been sought by theological scholars principally in Lars Levi Laestadius' own experiences and in those religious movements that influenced and continue to influence people in the area of his ministry. Among such movements mention may be made of Readers, the Wiklund movement and Herrnhutism. The Saami aspect has almost entirely been neglected. Nevertheless, it would be natural to include this aspect in studying Laestadianism when examining the phenomena occurring within a certain people's region. The roots of the Laestadian movement is found in an earlier local movement, a religious movement that had flourished in the Kautokeino region quite a long time before, in about 1765, called the Čuorvvot, the shouting callers. Even after the movement had passed its peak, its influence among the people was considerable and both the Čuorvvot themselves and those who had turned to a better life through their influence continued to make an impact on religious life about the turn of the century. In looking for the roots of Laestadianism it is not possible to ignore the Čuorvvot and the groundwork it did when studying the reasons for the rapid spread of the Laestadian sermon and the Laestadian movement. The Čuorvvot, the shouting callers, the most Christian of the Saamis obviously smoothed the way for Laestadianism and made it possible for its wildfire spread. The most striking similarity was the absolute, public sermon of the law and repentance, criticism. It was present in Laestadius' sermons even before his conversion.

Spillover Effects of Tax Avoidance on Peers' Firm Value

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Bauckloh ◽  
Inga Hardeck ◽  
Kerry K. Inger ◽  
Patrick Uwe Wittenstein ◽  
Bernhard Zwergel
Keyword(s):  
Event Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding

This research examines spillover effects of tax avoidance on peers' firm value using the setting of the European Commission's state aid investigations of private letter rulings. We assume that news about a firm's tax avoidance strategies also reveals information about peers' tax avoidance because investors expect similar firms to use similar strategies. Based on an event study design, we show that news about potential costs of tax avoidance of targeted U.S. multinational firms leads to negative stock price reactions among their peers. Moreover, peers' investors adjust their evaluations upwards for news in favor of the targeted firms. Consistent with the level of tax avoidance being indicative of having similar strategies, spillover effects are stronger for firms with the highest levels of tax avoidance when examining a broad set of peers. Our findings suggest the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the costs and benefits of tax avoidance.

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