The new luxury freeports: Offshore storage, tax avoidance, and ‘invisible’ art

2020 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2097271
Author(s):  
Oddný Helgadóttir
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Art World ◽  
Banking Secrecy ◽  
Wealth Management ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
New Form ◽  
And Diffusion

This paper introduces the concept of a Luxury Freeport to describe a novel form of offshore where art and other high-end goods can be stored indefinitely without tax and duty-payments being made. The paper makes three key contributions to our understanding of these new actors in the global political economy. First, it conceptualizes Luxury Freeports as part of what has been called the ‘offshore world’, showing that over the course of the last decade these previously understudied sites have become part of an evolving global ecosystem of tax avoidance. Second, the paper attributes the rise of this new form of offshore to meso-level spillover effects within the offshore world itself: this new model of offshore was born from a combination of the competitive ‘push’ of the rapid spread of Open Customs Warehouses at the turn of the century and the investment ‘pull’ of large pools of money needing new investment outlets in the wake of the recent multilateral effort to clamp down on banking secrecy. Third, it examines how the development and diffusion of the Luxury Freeport model has been shaped and constrained by this clampdown. Navigating the regulatory push against offshore and in an effort to mainstream and legitimize their activities, newer Luxury Freeports have aligned themselves both with the exclusive and high cultural capital environment of the art world and the ecosystem of specialized services offered by the wealth management industry.

scholarly journals The Emergence of New Corporations

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-193
Author(s):  
Oddný Helgadóttir
Keyword(s):  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Banking Secrecy ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
New Form ◽  
New Entrants

This chapter centres on ‘Luxury Freeports’, which are specialized storage sites where art and other high-end goods can be kept indefinitely without tax and duty-payments being made. The chapter makes the case that Luxury Freeports are best understood as new entrants in the ‘offshore world’, and shows how these sites have, over the course of the last ten years, taken up a new niche role in the evolving global ecosystem of tax avoidance. Further, it examines the rapid spread of this new form of offshore and traces it back to the combination of spillover effects within the offshore world itself. More specifically, Luxury Freeports stem from the juncture of a competitive ‘push’ from the rapid spread of Open Customs Warehouses at the turn of the century and the investment ‘pull’ of large pools of money needing new investment outlets in the wake of the recent multilateral effort to clamp down on banking secrecy.

Monodisperse single nanodiamond particulates

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1365-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Ōsawa
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Detonation Nanodiamond ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
New Form ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Detonation nanodiamond (DN) was discovered in 1963, but for several reasons was known only among a small number of scientists until the turn of the century. The most serious cause was the fact that primary nanocarbon particles formed by the "bottom-up method" are in general covalently bound together under high-temperature and -pressure conditions to form large agglutinates, which were difficult to separate by conventional methods. DN was not an exception. A breakthrough led to the isolation of primary particles having the expected size of 4-5 nm by wet-milling with zirconia micro-beads. Thus, long-waited primary particles of DN finally became available in kg quantities in the form of colloidal sol, gel, and readily redispersible flakes. Progress in the development of a new form of the old material is presented.

Screening the Art World

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temenuga Trifonova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Art History ◽  
Art World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Periods

Unlike most studies of the relationship between cinema and art, which privilege questions of medium or institutional specificity and intermediality, Screening the Art World explores the ways in which artists and the art world more generally have been represented in cinema. Contributors address a rarely explored subject -art in cinema, rather than the art of cinema - by considering films across genres, historical periods and national cinemas in order to reflect on cinema’s fluctuating imaginary of ‘art’ and ‘the art world’. The book examines the intersection of art history with history in cinema, cinema’s simultaneous affirmation and denigration of the idea of art as ‘truth’ and what this means for cinema’s understanding of itself, the dominant, often contradictory ways in which artists have been represented on screen, and cinematic representations of the art world’s tenuous position between commercial good and cultural capital.

scholarly journals Framing the tax and health nexus: a neglected aspect of public health concern

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mccoy ◽  
Simukai Chigudu ◽  
Taavi Tillmann
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Banking Secrecy ◽  
Shadow Economies ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Improve Health

AbstractPrevious studies have described various associations between tax policy and health. Here we propose a unifying conceptual framework of ‘Five R’s’ to stimulate awareness about the importance of tax to health improvement. First, tax can improverepresentationand democratic accountability, and help make governments more responsive to the needs of its citizens. Second, tax can create arevenuestream for a universal pool of public finance for health care and other public services. Third, progressive taxation when combined with appropriate public spending can helpredistributewealth and income and mitigate social and health inequalities. Fourth, there-pricingof harmful products (e.g. tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy food) can help reduce their consumption. Fifth, taxation provides a route by which certain harmful industries can beregulated. The paper also discusses the barriers that hinder the full potential for taxation to be used to improve health, including: weak tax administrations, large ‘shadow economies’, international trade liberalisation, tax avoidance, transfer pricing by transnational corporations and banking secrecy. We suggest that a greater awareness of the manifold associations between tax and health will encourage health practitioners to actively promote fairer and better taxation, thereby helping to improve health and reduce health inequalities.

Le Musée d’Art E Pluribus Unum: An Urban Arts Movement in Haiti

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Installation Art ◽  
Conceptual Art ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Art World ◽  
Art Making ◽  
Found Objects ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Art Collectives ◽  
Urban Arts

The Atis Rezistans (Resistance Artists) are a collective of sculptors based in downtown Port-au-Prince who have founded their own museum. The artists are best known for using found objects and wood to make politically charged works that draw on the imagery of Vodou. Since launching this artistic movement over a decade ago, co-founder André Eugène has referred to his home and atelier as Le Musée d’Art E Pluribus Unum. While art collectives are common in Haitian art, by designating themselves a “museum” the Atis Rezistans have incorporated aspects of conceptual art and installation art into their art movement. They describe the founding of this museum as a strategic appropriation of an institution that has historically belonged to the bourgeoisie. Conversations with Eugène, and other artists in the collective, reveal that they have carefully considered the power of museums: museums imbue certain objects with cultural capital and monetary value; present certain world views through the display of objects; and may offer visitors encounters with human remains. Becoming a museum has allowed Eugène and the other artists to access networks of art world mobility in ways that their artworks alone would not have. This essay offers context for understanding the Atis Rezistans as part of a tradition of art making among Haiti’s majority. It argues that due to their location, their class, and their overt use of Vodou imagery, scholars have overlooked conceptual elements of their movement, specifically how they play with the idea of the museum.

scholarly journals The Caricatures of Pavel. E. Shcherbov in the Satirical Magazine “The Jester”

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-173
Author(s):  
Aleksandra G. Zhuravleva
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Art World ◽  
Close Cooperation

Pavel. E. Shcherbov's caricatures were first brought to the public's attention in the satirical magazine “The Jester” in which he had published them for several years. The cartoons of this period led P.E. Shcherbov to serious success, while their chosen theme - the artistic environment of St. Petersburg at the turn of the century - brought him fame. The research is aimed at studying the artist's collaboration with this magazine through the cartoons themselves as well as his relationship with the magazine's editorial board. It records the assessments, memories and reactions of the contemporaries about Shcherbov's cartoons published in “The Jester”. The study found that the reactions were opposite at times, from sharply negative to rave reviews. A subsequent analysis of the influence of the cartoonist's works on the art world is carried out. Within this article Shcherbov's caricatures that were published in the magazine “The Jester” and other themes that the artist used are identified. As a result of the research, a close cooperation between Shcherbov and the magazine “The Jester” is revealed as well as the conclusion that the cartoonist contributed to the rise of the satirical publications, whilst his works generated great public interest, having influenced further decisions and actions of his contemporaries, is made.

scholarly journals Notes on a New Kind of Art

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Leonel Moura
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Digital Art ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Ant Algorithm ◽  
Art World ◽  
Global Evolution ◽  
Computer Environment ◽  
Artificial Creativity

I started working with robots applied to art around the turn of the century. Aiming at the most possible autonomy of the process, they were the next logical step after experimenting with algorithms confined to the computer environment.  I was never interested in “digital art”. The first experiences, with an ant algorithm running on a computer connected to a robotic arm [fig. 1], showed the potential for a machine to create its own drawings and paintings as a kind of artificial creativity. The claim that these works represent a new kind of art, the art of machines, may be controversial in the context of the mainstream art world. But, actually, it is inscribed in the global evolution of robotics and artificial intelligence towards a greater autonomy of machines. Art announces what is about to arrive.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_3-1_11 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_3-1_11

scholarly journals The broader societal impacts of COVID-19 and the growing importance of capturing these in health economic analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Schnitzler ◽  
Luca M. M. Janssen ◽  
Silvia M. A. A. Evers ◽  
Louise J. Jackson ◽  
Aggie T. G. Paulus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Broader Impacts ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Societal Impacts ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Do So

Abstract The rapid spread of the current COVID-19 pandemic has affected societies worldwide, leading to excess mortality, long-lasting health consequences, strained healthcare systems, and additional strains and spillover effects on other sectors outside health (i.e., intersectoral costs and benefits). In this perspective piece, we demonstrate the broader societal impacts of COVID-19 on other sectors outside the health sector and the growing importance of capturing these in health economic analyses. These broader impacts include, for instance, the effects on the labor market and productivity, education, criminal justice, housing, consumption, and environment. The current pandemic highlights the importance of adopting a societal perspective to consider these broader impacts of public health issues and interventions and only omit these where it can be clearly justified as appropriate to do so. Furthermore, we explain how the COVID-19 pandemic exposed and exacerbated existing deep-rooted structural inequalities that contribute to the wider societal impacts of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Die Vermögenswirtschaft der Stadt im Zeitalter des Dualismus

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Imre Gábor Nagy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wealth Management ◽  
Urban Buildings ◽  
State Compensation ◽  
The City ◽  
Excise Duties

In the annuel budgets of the city of Pécs between 1872 and 1914, revenues from city property were divided into five groups. The first group included revenues from the city’s property – the hundreds of acres of Megyer-puszta, urban pastures, urban factories, and urban buildings. The second group included revenues from the city’s 4,262 cadastral hungarian acres forests. The third group included interest on the city’s cash and securities. The fourth group included excise, duties and fees levied by the city with the permission of the state. The most important of these were incomes from the sale of spirits, wine, beer, the holding of markets and fairs, and the use of roads and railways. The fifth group included the income that arose after the pub law was acquired by the state in 1890: state compensation and various city tax supplements. Overall, revenues from urban property in the years 1870-1880 approached, and sometimes even exceeded, 60% of budget revenues. In the 1890s, their proportion fell below 40%, increased to nearly 50% by the turn of the century, and then gradually decreased to about 30% by 1914. The result of urban wealth management has been future urbanization and infrastructure investiments, with the inevitable indebtedness at a disadvantage.

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