Gas-filled detectors

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-254
Author(s):  
Hermann Kolanoski ◽  
Norbert Wermes
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Charge Generation ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
Time Projection Chambers ◽  
Drift Chambers ◽  
Time Projection

Detectors that record charged particles through their ionisation of gases are found in many experiments of nuclear and particle physics. By conversion of the charges created along a track into electrical signals, particle trajectories can be measured with these detectors in large volumes, also inside magnetic fields. The operation principles of gaseous detectors are explained, which include charge generation, gas amplification, operation modes and gas mixtures. Different detector types are described in some detail, starting with ionisation chambers without gas amplification, proceeding to those with gas amplification like spark and streamer chambers, parallel plate arrangements, multi-wire proportional chambers, chambers with microstructured electrodes, drift chambers, and ending with time-projection chambers. The chapter closes with an overview of aging effects in gaseous detectors which cause negative alterations of the detector performance.

scholarly journals Reconstruction for Liquid Argon TPC Neutrino Detectors Using Parallel Architectures

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Sophie Berkman ◽  
Giuseppe Cerati ◽  
Brian Gravelle ◽  
Boyana Norris ◽  
Allison Reinsvold Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particles ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Parallel Architectures ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Neutrino Detectors ◽  
Time Projection Chambers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Time Projection

Neutrinos are particles that interact rarely, so identifying them requires large detectors which produce lots of data. Processing this data with the computing power available is becoming more difficult as the detectors increase in size to reach their physics goals. In liquid argon time projection chambers (TPCs) the charged particles from neutrino interactions produce ionization electrons which drift in an electric field towards a series of collection wires, and the signal on the wires is used to reconstruct the interaction. The MicroBooNE detector currently collecting data at Fermilab has 8000 wires, and planned future experiments like DUNE will have 100 times more, which means that the time required to reconstruct an event will scale accordingly. Modernization of liquid argon TPC reconstruction code, including vectorization, parallelization and code portability to GPUs, will help to mitigate these challenges. The liquid argon TPC hit finding algorithm within the LArSoft framework used across multiple experiments has been vectorized and parallelized. This increases the speed of the algorithm on the order of ten times within a standalone version on Intel architectures. This new version has been incorporated back into LArSoft so that it can be generally used. These methods will also be applied to other low-level reconstruction algorithms of the wire signals such as the deconvolution. The applications and performance of this modernized liquid argon TPC wire reconstruction will be presented.

scholarly journals GEM Detector Performance Assessment in the BM@N Experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kapishin ◽  
Vladimir Karjavin ◽  
Elena Kulish ◽  
Vasilisa Lenivenko ◽  
Alexander Makankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
Electron Multiplier ◽  
Gas Electron Multiplier ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
Gem Detector

The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) chambers are developed for modern purposes in the elementary particle physics. In the BM@N experiment, a GEM system is used for the reconstruction of the trajectories of the charged particles. The investigation of GEM performance (efficiency and spatial resolution) is presented.

Applications

2014 ◽  
pp. 228-256
Keyword(s):  
Homeland Security ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Dark Matter Search ◽  
Time Projection Chambers ◽  
Time Projection ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Energy Physics

In this chapter, some applications of micropattern detectors are described. Their main application is tracking of charged particles in high-energy physics. However, currently there are a lot of research and developments going on, which may open new exciting fields of applications, for example in dark matter search, medical applications, homeland security, etc. The authors start with the traditional applications, which are in high-energy physics and astrophysics. Later, the focus shifts to promising developments oriented towards new applications. These innovative applications include: imaging of charged particles and energetic photons with unprecedented high 2-D spatial resolution (e.g. in mammography), time projection chambers capable operating in a high flux of particles (e.g. ALICE upgraded TPC), and visualization of ultraviolet and visible photons. Finally, a short description of the international collaboration RD51 established at CERN is given in order to promote the development of micropattern detectors and their applications.

scholarly journals Space Charge Effects in Noble-Liquid Calorimeters and Time Projection Chambers

Instruments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Sandro Palestini
Keyword(s):  
Space Charge ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Space Charge Effects ◽  
Charge Effects ◽  
Time Projection Chambers ◽  
Drift Length ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Time Projection

The subject of space charge in ionization detectors is reviewed, showing how the observations and the formalism used to describe the effects have evolved, starting with applications to calorimeters and reaching recent, large time-projection chambers. General scaling laws, and different ways to present and model the effects are presented. The relations between space-charge effects and the boundary conditions imposed on the side faces of the detector are discussed, together with a design solution that mitigates some of the effects. The implications of the relative size of drift length and transverse detector size are illustrated. Calibration methods are briefly discussed.

ENERGY ORDERING EFFECTS IN THE ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS OF ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS MEASURED BY THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (supp02) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
◽  
PETER SCHIFFER
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Ordering Effects ◽  
Arrival Directions

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the world's largest experiment for the measurement of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). These UHECRs are assumed to be to be charged particles, and thus are deflected in cosmic magnetic fields. Recent results of the Pierre Auger Observatory addressing the complex of energy ordering of the UHECRs arrival directions are reviewed in this contribution. So far no significant energy ordering has been observed.

Drift properties of tabular drift chambers in high magnetic fields

1980 ◽  
Vol 169 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Baranko ◽  
J.P. Guillaud ◽  
H. Ogren ◽  
D. Rust ◽  
S. Ems ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
High Magnetic Fields ◽  
Drift Chambers

Ion acceleration by multiple laser pulses and their spontaneous electromagnetic fields in plasma

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
FEN-CE CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
The Self ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
Relativistic Equations

AbstractThe acceleration of ions by multiple laser pulses and their spontaneously generated electric and magnetic fields is investigated by using an analytical model for the latter. The relativistic equations of motion of test charged particles are solved numerically. It is found that the self-generated axial electric field plays an important role in the acceleration, and the energy of heavy test ions can reach several gigaelectronvolts.

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