Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-154
Author(s):  
Joshua Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Salvation History ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
Crisis Of Modernity ◽  
Liberal Modernity

This study has explored how Barth and Bonhoeffer provide resources for a chastened defense of the politics of liberal modernity. This chastened defense acknowledges the tensions inherent in modern politics, including the potential for violence and terror in the utopian strand of modern thought. For Barth and Bonhoeffer, a theological account of history liberates politics from salvation history. These theologians saw the hopes of the modern age shipwrecked during their lifetimes. Yet even in the midst of this crisis, they sought neither the retrieval of a premodern synthesis, nor the supersession of modern politics by some postmodern alternative. The goal of this study has been to show how Barth and Bonhoeffer responded to the crisis of modernity in their own historical context, avoiding despair as well as the temptations of political utopia.

Modern Thought and the Phenomenology of Film

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleo Hanaway-Oakley
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Sergei Eisenstein ◽  
Siegfried Kracauer ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
Franz Brentano ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Film Viewing

This chapter situates Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of film in its historical context through analysing its key insights—the reciprocal and embodied nature of film spectatorship—in the light of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century philosophy and psychology, charting Merleau-Ponty’s indebtedness to thinkers as diverse as Henri Bergson, Max Wertheimer, Hugo Münsterberg, Rudolf Arnheim, Victor Freeburg, Sergei Eisenstein, and Siegfried Kracauer. The historical Bergson is differentiated from the Deleuzian Bergson we ordinarily encounter in film studies, and Merleau-Ponty’s fondness for gestalt models of perception is outlined with reference to the competing ‘persistence of vision’ theory of film viewing. The chapter ends with a consideration of some of the ways in which James Joyce could have encountered early phenomenology, through the work of the aforementioned philosophers and psychologists and the ideas of Gabriel Marcel, Franz Brentano, William James, and Edmund Husserl.

scholarly journals Political ideology of fascism: essential characteristics, mental prerequisites, key components

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 16019
Author(s):  
Sergey Vititnev ◽  
Anna Shmeleva
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Modern Politics

The authors of the present paper investigate the fascism ideology, reveal its social nature and critically scrutinize its key principles that characterize its matter. Special attention is payed to the research into historical context of fascism, its mental prerequisites that determined reactionary specifics of its ideological orientation. Noticing that today modern politics experiences far-right and neo-fascist trends, while there are no certain criteria to identify particular parties as neo-fascist ones, the authors suppose that one of the most significant criteria is the adherence to the ideology of standard fascism, which can be detected according to a set of key components.

scholarly journals Paramilitarism’s Long Twentieth Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-63
Author(s):  
Uğur Ümit Üngör
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Violence Against Civilians

How did paramilitarism develop into the modern age? The twentieth century has seen forms of paramilitarism ranging from the Freikorps in Germany early on in the century, to the Sudanese Janjaweed militias a century later, and a myriad of armed groups in between. Although these militias all originated under differing conditions and in different societies, their functions, logics, and dynamics demonstrate compelling similarities and instructive differences. This chapter traces the historical context of modern paramilitarism by developing an explicitly global review of these scenarios. The chapter begins with a short overview of paramilitarism in the first half of the twentieth century, before it moves on to the postwar era and looks at the construction of Soviet-led paramilitary infrastructures by the new communist regimes in Eastern Europe, and the US-supported paramilitarization of Latin America in the same period. Paramilitary units also appeared in several European conflicts in the 1990s and committed widespread violence against civilians. Although paramilitarism operated differently in various international political, historical, and ideological contexts in this period, there were both structural and phenomenological similarities between the cases.

Absolute Time

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Thomas
Keyword(s):  
John Locke ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Material Bodies ◽  
Henry More ◽  
Century Development

What is time? Traditionally, it has been answered that time is a product of the human mind, or the motion of celestial bodies. In the mid-seventeenth century, a new kind of answer emerged: time or eternal duration is ‘absolute’, in the sense it is independent of human minds and material bodies. This study explores the development of absolute time or eternal duration during one of Britain’s richest and most creative metaphysical periods, from the 1640s to the 1730s. It features an interconnected set of main characters—Henry More, Walter Charleton, Isaac Barrow, Isaac Newton, John Locke, Samuel Clarke, and John Jackson—alongside a large and varied supporting cast, whose metaphysics are all read in their historical context and given a place in the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century development of thought on time. In addition to interpreting the metaphysics of these characters, this study advances two general, developmental theses. First, the complexity of positions on time (and space) defended in early modern thought is hugely under-appreciated. Second, distinct kinds of absolutism emerged in British philosophy, helping us to understand why some absolutists considered time to be barely real, whilst others identified it with the most real being of all: God.

An Agnostic View of Voegelin's Gnostic Calvin

2004 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-444
Author(s):  
William R. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The West ◽  
Will To Power ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Crisis Of Modernity ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
The Church

Eric Voegelin's genius shines in his insight that the crisis of Modernity sprang less from naturalistic relativism than from unrestrained religious absolutism. Voegelin saw two sides to this genesis: first, the growing millennial speculation fueled in the late medieval period engendered apocalyptic claims by political leaders; second, the civilizational instability in the West tempted political followers to grasp the straws of apocalyptic claims. Yet Voegelin made two questionable claims here: that the “Gnosticism” of the Modern age had its roots in theChristianexperience, and that the Protestant Reformation most explicitly nourished its growth. While the Christian faithappearsto present a temptation to millennial claims, Voegelin's argument regarding the required civilizational accommodation of the church and the prior “spiritual stamina” of the faithful is problematic. Moreover, Voegelin's characterizing John Calvin's project in particular as Gnostic anti-intellectualism manifesting an obvious will to power has no sound basis in Calvin's writings.

scholarly journals Socio-philosophical understanding of transformation of family in the dynamics of civilization over the period from Middle Ages to Modern Age

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Nataliia Viktorovna Blokhina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Family ◽  
Philosophical Texts

Understanding of reasons and consequences of ongoing transformations with modern institution of the family is impossible without gaining insight into the processes, results and concept of changes that rook place with the family in its historically observable past. The subject of this research is the family and transformation of functions of the family in a historical context. The author conducts a socio-philosophical comparative analysis in compliance with the principle of systematicity and value of functions of the family through structural-comparative analysis of a historical type of medieval family with three ideal models of transitional historical periods from Middle Ages to Modern Age. The utopic concepts of T. More, T. Companella and F. Bacon served as the foundation for this research. Having examined the acceptable for philosophers types of family structure at various stages of the indicated historical period, the author determines dominant factors that affected the qualitative and essential changes of internal environment of the family as a small group, as well as structural-functional changes of the family as an institution, which led to transformation of the family and its functions. The author sees family as the basis of harmonious and happy life of an individual and a source of social well-being. The article is written from the perspective of familialism and viewed as a social institution. The scientific novelty lies in analysis of the historical type of family with hypothetical models of family, reflected in philosophical texts of this historical period, in order to determine the dominants that transform family, and establish the peculiarities of emergence of socio-philosophical concepts of studying institution of the family depending on social processes in the historical context of development. Such approach allow identifying the inward nature of structural relationships “individual – family – society – government” in a specific society.

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