This paper examines the European environmental policy and the tools that the European Union
(EU) uses for the aim of protecting the environment. Environmental policy is of crucial importance
indeed as it has direct impact on human’s health, on the quality of environment, on the well-being
of all living creatures and species and on the preservation of our natural resources around the
world. The EU is quite active in environmental protection policy making and the scope of her
environmental policy expanded with time, including nowadays many aspects such as air, water and
soil pollution, waste management, protection of the environment, industrial pollution, chemicals,
climate change and noise pollution. The methodology of the study consists of the review and
analysis of primary and secondary sources regarding EU legislation on European environmental
policy. The requirements of environmental policy are exposed and evaluated at the European level
and other international engagements at the global level such as the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement are also evaluated
in our paper. European statistics and reports are evaluated to provide a good understanding
and assessment of the relation between governments and corporations’ expenditures and the
protection of environment in EU member states and in Turkey. Our paper also includes the
implementation of the European environmental policy in Turkey, therefore Turkish oficial policy
alignment and compliance is explained with data related to EU funded projects implemented by
Turkish institutions. Regarding the relation between expenditures and environment, our indings
indicate a reverse causality effect; the quality of the environment determines the level of public
expenditures indeed, and not vice-versa. As analyzed in our paper, governments and corporations’
investments related to environmental protection are quite low and they are in decline, this share
needs to be increased both at the EU level and in Turkey.
Key Words: European Union Environmental Policy, Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol,
Paris Agreement, Government Expenditures on Environmental Policy.