scholarly journals The “New” Environmental Policy Of The European Union: A Path To Development Of A Circular Economy And Mitigation Of The Negative Effects Of Climate Change

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Wysokińska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Economy ◽  
The Eu

This paper analyses the evolution of the new environmental policy of the European Union in the context of the efforts undertaken to moderate the negative effects of climate change. It describes all the activities in the European Union designed to implement new tools of the EU environmental policy, such as low carbon economy technologies, tools that improve the efficiency of managing the limited natural resources, the environmentally friendly transport package, etc. All of them are aimed at laying the foundations of the circular economy, which may also be referred to as a closed-loop economy, i.e., an economy that does not generate excessive waste and whereby any waste becomes a resource.

scholarly journals GREEN ECONOMY CONSTRUCTION AS THE MAIN COMPONENT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Diana Garlytska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Economy ◽  
The Eu

Introduction.The Association Agreement with the EU requires the Ukrainian financial and economic system to adapt to European standards in production and readiness for the future perspective of integration into the European market of emissions trading. Green economy construction in Ukraine and compliance with requirements of the Association Agreement determine the possibility of eurointegration of our state. Purpose. The aim of the article is to justify the need to build a green (low carbon) economy as an important prerequisite for the successful integration of Ukraine into the European Union. Method (methodology). The dialectical method of cognition, the fundamental aspects of the concept of sustainable development have become the methodological basis of the study. Results.The necessity of building a green (low carbon) economy as an important precondition for the successful integration of Ukraine into the European Union has been substantiated. The essense of the concepts of the green economy, green growth and sustainable development have been disclosed. The measures for cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the field of environmental protection in the context of European integration have been determined.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR “GREEN” FINANCE IN RUSSIA, THE EU AND CHINA: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena P. Ermakova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dialectical Logic ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal regulation of green financing in the European Union, China and Russia. It has been substantiated that a harmonious and completed system of regulatory regulation of green financing has not yet developed either in the PRC or the EU. In this regard, a comparative analysis of the above issues is of particular importance. The purpose of this article is to form an understanding of the legal framework for green finance in the European Union, China and Russia based on an analysis of regulatory acts and scientific sources. The following methods have been applied: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Private scientific methods employed in the work are legal-dogmatic and the method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: the study showed that green financing refers to financial transactions that support the transition to an economy with low carbon emissions and the fight against climate change. In recent years, China has been the leader in green financing, accounting for 28%, or $ 32 billion, of green bonds issued in 2018. Conclusions: In the PRC, the concept and foundations of the legal regulation of green finance are enshrined in the 2016 Guide to Creating a Green Financial System. The main elements included in the concept comprise: 1) pilot areas of green financing, 2) green loans, 3) green funds and public-private partnerships; 4) green securities; 5) green insurance; 6) environmental credit trading; 7) environ-mental risks. The European Union also strives to be a global leader in the fight against climate change. A number of EU regulations and directives regulate various aspects of green financing. On December 11, 2019, the European Commission introduced the European Green Deal, a new concept for economic growth aimed at making Europe the first climate neutral continent. The most ambitious draft of this program is the development of a pan-European climate law (climate code), a draft of which is due in March 2020. Russia is still lagging behind world leaders on the regulatory regulation of green financing, but the first steps in this direction have already been taken. The study was prepared with the financial support of the Russian Federal Property Fund in the framework of the scientific project No. 20-011-00270 "а" (Scientific adviser - E.E. Frolova).

scholarly journals Circular economy: advancement of European Union countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Mazur-Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Background Circular economy (CE) is a development priority of the European Union and it is part of the EU industrial strategy. The transition to a more circular economy is an essential contribution to the EU’s efforts to develop a sustainable, low carbon, resource-efficient and competitive economy. The author focuses her CE-related reflections and research in this paper on the macro-level (research subjects: 28 EU countries), the level which is least represented in scholarly publications addressing CE (as follows from the analysis of literature in the Scopus database). This study aims to fill this gap partially. The aim of this paper is to identify and group the EU-28 countries according to their advancement towards circular economy. CE indicators proposed by the European Commission were used for the analysis. Given the research subjects and after an analysis of the literature they were concluded to be the most adequate. The theoretical part was based on an analysis of the literature, whereas the empirical work used the principal components analysis, hierarchical and k-means clustering and a grade correspondence-cluster analysis. Results On the basis of the research, the existence of a “two-speed Europe” was identified in terms of EU countries’ advancement towards CE. Leading countries, those most advanced in pursuing operation according to CE principles, include Germany, Belgium, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The second pole accommodates EU countries in which transformation towards CE is happening at the slowest pace. This group includes mainly countries of the Central and Eastern Europe and the countries of the south of Europe. Conclusions Differentiated levels of advancement of individual countries towards CE result inter alia from the adoption by some of the latter of different development strategies for their economies’ transitioning to circular economy (according to recommendations of EU ministers at the Environment Council in June 2016) and also from the differences occurring in social and economic development (it is mostly noticeable between the EU-15 and the EU-13 countries). Unfortunately, as can be concluded from the effects obtained so far, only a few of the adopted development strategies may be considered effective in meeting the challenges of circular economy according to the European Union’s standards.

scholarly journals Enviromental Protection and Sustainable Development in the European Union: Evolution, Governance and Implications for Competitiveness

2012 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Annette Bongardt ◽  
Francisco Torres
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Eu Governance ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Carbon Economy ◽  
The Eu

This article considers how the EU governance set-up envolved with respect to environmental protection and sustainable development. It aims at evaluating the EU´s progress towards creating  the basis for a competitive, low-carbon, European economy (a kind of EU industrial strategy) and sustainable production and consumption patterns. The article concludes that environmental and energie policies have become increasingly Europeanized and come under the single market and competitiveness rationale. It puts forward that the shift to a low-carbon economy is associated with important economic benefits, whereas economic costs appear overrated. However, shortcomings in EU governance sit uneasily with a more coherent approach to sustainable development.

scholarly journals On the possibilities of launching a regional pilot project for the development of a low-carbon economy in the Republic of Tatarstan

Georesursy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Igor A. Makarov ◽  
Evgeniya E. Muzychenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Carbon Economy

Decarbonization is one of the main trends in global development of the last decade. More than 120 countries have already announced plans to achieve net-zero emissions by the middle of the century. Among them are Russia’s largest trading partners, including the European Union, China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Kazakhstan, as well as the United States. These ambitions are supported by a tightening carbon regulation: carbon pricing has already been set up in 64 countries and regions. In the largest emissions trading system – the European one – carbon price has already exceeded 50 euros per ton of emissions. Significant effort in decarbonization has been taken in many industries (e.g., civil aviation, maritime transport, oil and gas industry), companies (which set up carbon neutrality targets and introduce internal carbon pricing) and the financial sector. Standards for corporate information disclosure about emissions and strategies for their reduction, in particular CDP and TCFD, are being developed and adopted. At the same time, ways to put pressure on competitors who do not want to bear the costs associated with reducing greenhouse gas emissions are being developed. For example, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) will be launched by the European Union in 2023. All these trends mean that products with low carbon footprint become not just a competitive advantage for a company, but also an inevitable condition for its presence on the international market. Companies with a high carbon footprint face less favorable conditions of borrowing, as well as trading barriers and growing pressure from customers both corporate and individual. In this regard, the development of low-carbon economy in Russia is inevitable to minimize the costs associated with tightening regulation. It is becoming particularly relevant for export-oriented regions with large emissions, including the Republic of Tatarstan. In our opinion, the launch of a pilot project to regulate greenhouse gas emissions in this region is important not only for GHG reduction itself, but also for increasing competitiveness of Tatarstan companies on international markets and attracting investment from both Russian and foreign investors. In this paper, we explain the need to launch such a pilot and relying on the existing Russian and international experience on the one hand and taking into account the characteristics of Tatarstan’s economy on the other, we demonstrate a scheme by which such a project can be organized.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTING EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND TURKEY: THE COST AND EXPENDITURES OF THE POLICY COMPLIANCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
DİLARA SÜLÜN
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Environmental Policy ◽  
The Eu

This paper examines the European environmental policy and the tools that the European Union (EU) uses for the aim of protecting the environment. Environmental policy is of crucial importance indeed as it has direct impact on human’s health, on the quality of environment, on the well-being of all living creatures and species and on the preservation of our natural resources around the world. The EU is quite active in environmental protection policy making and the scope of her environmental policy expanded with time, including nowadays many aspects such as air, water and soil pollution, waste management, protection of the environment, industrial pollution, chemicals, climate change and noise pollution. The methodology of the study consists of the review and analysis of primary and secondary sources regarding EU legislation on European environmental policy. The requirements of environmental policy are exposed and evaluated at the European level and other international engagements at the global level such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement are also evaluated in our paper. European statistics and reports are evaluated to provide a good understanding and assessment of the relation between governments and corporations’ expenditures and the protection of environment in EU member states and in Turkey. Our paper also includes the implementation of the European environmental policy in Turkey, therefore Turkish of􀏐icial policy alignment and compliance is explained with data related to EU funded projects implemented by Turkish institutions. Regarding the relation between expenditures and environment, our 􀏐indings indicate a reverse causality effect; the quality of the environment determines the level of public expenditures indeed, and not vice-versa. As analyzed in our paper, governments and corporations’ investments related to environmental protection are quite low and they are in decline, this share needs to be increased both at the EU level and in Turkey. Key Words: European Union Environmental Policy, Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, Government Expenditures on Environmental Policy.

European experience in transition to circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
European Experience ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Eu

Subject. The article considers the concept of circular economy, which has originated relatively recently in the academic literature, and is now increasingly recognized in many countries at the national level. In the European Union, the transition to circular economy is viewed as an opportunity to improve competitiveness of the European Union, protect businesses from resource shortages and fluctuating prices for raw materials and supplies, and a way to increase employment and innovation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to analyze the incentives developed by the European Commission for moving to circular economy, and to assess their effectiveness on the basis of statistical analysis. Methods. I employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The analysis of the EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy enabled to conclude that the results of the recent research in circular economy barriers, eco-innovation, technology and infrastructure were successfully integrated into the framework of this document. Understanding the root causes holding back the circular economy development and the balanced combination of economic and administrative incentives strengthened the Action Plan, and it contributed to the circular economy development in the EU. Conclusions. The measures to stimulate the development of the circular economy proposed in the European Action Plan can be viewed as a prototype for designing similar strategies in other countries, including Russia. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of barriers to the circular economy at the level of individual countries and regions is needed.

Staatsklimahaftung

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Böhm
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
State Liability ◽  
Liability Claims ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

Climate change litigation is becoming increasingly important. This thesis deals with the question whether state liability claims against Germany or the EU can be justified, if commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are not met. For this purpose, the claim under public liability according to § 839 German Civil Code in connection with Art. 34 German Basic Law, the liability of the EU-Member States and the liability of the European Union according to Art. 340 II TFEU are discussed. At the end of the thesis, considerations on the practical perspectives of state liability are made in order to improve their prospects of success.

Alternative scenarios for the future of the Canadian boreal zone1

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W.N. Steenberg ◽  
Peter N. Duinker ◽  
Irena F. Creed ◽  
Jacqueline N. Serran ◽  
Camille Ouellet Dallaire
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Boreal Zone ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Carbon Economy

In response to global climate change, Canada is transitioning towards a low-carbon economy and the need for policy approaches that are effective, equitable, coordinated, and both administratively and politically feasible is high. One point is clear; the transition is intimately tied to the vast supply of ecosystem services in the boreal zone of Canada. This paper describes four contrasting futures for the boreal zone using scenario analysis, which is a transdisciplinary, participatory approach that considers alternative futures and policy implications under conditions of high uncertainty and complexity. The two critical forces shaping the four scenarios are the global economy’s energy and society’s capacity to adapt. The six drivers of change are atmospheric change, the demand for provisioning ecosystem services, the demand for nonprovisioning ecosystem services, demographics, and social values, governance and geopolitics, and industrial innovation and infrastructure. The four scenarios include: (i) the Green Path, where a low-carbon economy is coupled with high adaptive capacity; (ii) the Uphill Climb, where a low-carbon economy is instead coupled with low adaptive capacity; (iii) the Carpool Lane, where society has a strong capacity to adapt but a reliance on fossil fuels; and (iv) the Slippery Slope, where there is both a high-carbon economy and a society with low adaptive capacity. The scenarios illustrate the importance of transitioning to a low-carbon economy and the role of society’s adaptive capacity in doing so. However, they also emphasize themes like social inequality and adverse environmental outcomes arising from the push towards climate change mitigation.

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