Processes and Prevention

2020 ◽  
pp. 305-343
Author(s):  
Paul Noordhof
Keyword(s):  
Bell Inequalities ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Causal Processes ◽  
Counterfactual Theory ◽  
Intrinsic Character

The proposed analysis of causation is compatible with allowing that there are ways to distinguish the variety that falls under it. The same characteristics as those who take causation to involve substantial causal processes characterize kinds of causation without these characteristics themselves serve to characterize causation in general. This is an advantage because the theories that make an appeal to substantial processes in understanding causation face considerable difficulties. The attempt to tie causation to the presence of substantial causal processes between cause and effect fails to be justified by appeal to responsibility, or by its capacity to make sense of causal locality and the intrinsic character of causal processes. Some claim that a counterfactual theory closes off certain options with regard to the property understanding of Bell inequalities. This is not the case.

scholarly journals Experimental Connection between the Instrumental and Bell Inequalities

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Iris Agresti ◽  
Gonzalo Carvacho ◽  
Davide Poderini ◽  
Leandro Aolita ◽  
Rafael Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Model ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Bell Inequalities ◽  
Quantum Correlations ◽  
Causal Processes ◽  
Chsh Inequality ◽  
Joint Probability Distributions ◽  
Selection Of

An investigated process can be studied in terms of the causal relations among the involved variables, representing it as a causal model. Some causal models are particularly relevant, since they can be tested through mathematical constraints between the joint probability distributions of the observables. This is a valuable tool because, if some data violates the constraints of a causal model, the implication is that the observed statistics is not compatible with that causal structure. Strikingly, when non-classical correlations come to play, a discrepancy between classical and quantum causal predictions can arise, producing a quantum violation of the classical causal constraints. The simplestscenario admitting such quantum violation is given by the instrumental causal processes. Here, we experimentally violate an instrumental test on a photonic platform and show how the quantum correlations violating the CHSH inequality can be mapped into correlations violating an instrumental test, despite the different forms of non-locality they display. Indeed, starting from a Bell-like scenario, we recover the violation of the instrumental scenario through a map between the two behaviours, which includes a post-selection of data and then we test an alternative way to violate the CHSH inequality, adopting the instrumental process platform.

Opening the black box and searching for smoking guns

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (8/9) ◽  
pp. 691-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth E. Bennett ◽  
Rochell R. McWhorter
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Conceptual Frame ◽  
Causal Processes

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of qualitative research in causality, with particular emphasis on process causality. In one paper, it is not possible to discuss all the issues of causality, but the aim is to provide useful ways of thinking about causality and qualitative research. Specifically, a brief overview of the regularity theory of causation is provided, qualitative research characteristics and ontological and epistemological views that serve as a potential conceptual frame to resolve some tensions between quantitative and qualitative work are discussed and causal processes are explored. This paper offers a definition and a model of process causality and then presents findings from an exploratory study that advanced the discussion beyond the conceptual frame. Design/methodology/approach This paper first conceptually frames process causality within qualitative research and then discusses results from an exploratory study that involved reviewing literature and interviewing expert researchers. The exploratory study conducted involved analyzing multiple years of literature in two top human resource development (HRD) journals and also exploratory expert interviews. The study was guided by the research question: How might qualitative research inform causal inferences in HRD? This study used a basic qualitative approach that sought insight through inductive analysis within the focus of this study. Findings The exploratory study found that triangulation, context, thick description and process research questions are important elements of qualitative studies that can improve research that involves causal relationships. Specifically, qualitative studies provide both depth of data collection and descriptive write-up that provide clues to cause-and-effect relationships that support or refute theory. Research limitations/implications A major conclusion of this study is that qualitative research plays a critical role in causal inference, albeit an understated one, when one takes an enlarged philosophical view of causality. Equating causality solely with variance theory associated with quantitative research leaves causal processes locked in a metaphoric black box between cause and effect, whereas qualitative research opens up the processes and mechanisms contained within the box. Originality/value This paper reframed the discussion about causality to include both the logic of quantitative studies and qualitative studies to demonstrate a more holistic view of causality and to demonstrate the value of qualitative research for causal inference. Process causality in qualitative research is added to the mix of techniques and theories found in the larger discussion of causality in HRD.

Ten Ways in Which Causal Processes Can Operate Without Leaving Correlational Evidence

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris C. Martin ◽  
Todd M. Thrash ◽  
Laura Maruskin
Keyword(s):  
Causal Processes

Kecemasan Komunikasi Mahasiswa saat Bimbingan Skripsi

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Tegar Aprilio Armanda
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Communication Apprehension ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
University Supervisor ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Communication Anxiety ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Tegar Aprilio Armanda, NPM: 1532010014. “Student Communication Anxiety During Thesis Guidance (Analysis of Communication Anxiety To Alumni of Students of the Communication Studies Program Merdeka Madiun University Class of 2015). Communication Studies Program, Merdeka Madiun University, Supervisor : Maria Madgalena W., S.Sos, M.Si, Supervisor 2: Zulin Nurchayati, S.Psi, M.Si. Year 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the cause and effect of communication anxiety between students of the Merdeka Madiun University Class of 2015 with the supervisor when conducting thesis guidance, forms of communication anxiety itself that have been experienced by students of Communication Studies Merdeka Madiun University Class of 2015, anticipatory steps taken by the Communication Sciences Merdeka Madiun University Class of 2015 students, how important is the handling of communication anxiety, data related to communication anxiety among final year students. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Research data obtained through observation techniques, literature studies, interviews, and documentation. The informants came from the 2015 Communication Merdeka Madiun University alumni students. The results of this study are modeling and skill acquisition factors causing the emergence of communication anxiety, the type of communication anxiety perceived by informants is generalized context communication apprehension and situational communication apprehension, the form of communication anxiety perceived by informants is state anxiety, the most anticipatory step recommended by informants is to better understand the thesis material before the guidance and remain calm during the guidance.Keyword: Anxiety, Communication anxiety, Students of the Communication Studies Program Merdeka Madiun University Class of 2015,Thesis Guidance. 

Editor's Note: Cause and Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 052 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Froschauer
Keyword(s):  
Cause And Effect

Penanganan Mitigasi Risiko Rantai Pasok Budidaya Bibit Udang Vannamei dengan Pendekatan House of Risk di Usaha Dagang Jaya Makmur Abadi Glagah Lamongan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Anik Rufaidah ◽  
Nailul Izzah ◽  
Mariyatul Qibtiyah
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Cause And Effect Diagram

<em>Jaya makmur abadi merupakan salah satu usaha yang bergerak dalam bidang penangkaran gelondongan udang vannamei dan nener (bibit bandeng) yang berdiri pada tahun 2006. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada risiko rantai pasok penangkaran gelondongan udang vannamei, karena belum teridentifikasi dengan jelas rantai pasok yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini 1) mengidentifikasi kejadian risiko dan sumber risiko dalam aktivitas rantai pasok penangkaran gelondongan udang vannamei 2) penanganan mitigasi risiko dalam aktivitas rantai pasok penangkaran gelondongan udang vannamei. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) untuk mengetahui aktivitas rantai pasok, kejaidan risiko, dan sumber risiko. Cause and Effect Diagram digunakan untuk  mengetahui akar penyebeb risiko dan akibatnya dan House of Risk (HOR) digunakan untuk mencegah kejadian risiko dan memitigasi sumber risiko. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan 24 kejadian risiko dan 22 sumber risiko. Dari diagram pareto terdapat 3 sumber risiko yang akan dilakukan penanganan. Dalam penanganan mitigasi risiko didapatkan 8 rekomendasi aksi mitigasi dalam risiko rantai pasok usaha dagang Jaya Makmur abadi</em>.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document