Global Standards and the Environmental Performance of Industry

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Rock ◽  
David P. Angel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Institutional Capability

This chapter draws together the evidence of the last three chapters to consider the emergence of global standards as a driver of improvements in the environmental performance of industry. Our particular focus is the growing importance of firm-based global environmental standards as an alternative to the more widely recognized state-centered approaches to setting and implementing environmental standards. Increasing numbers of multinational firms (MNCs) are adopting uniform approaches to environmental management across all of their facilities worldwide, including in some cases process and performance-based environmental standards. Such intra-firm standards have even broader reach when they are also applied to the suppliers of the MNCs as part of standardized supply chain management. In this chapter we examine the rationale behind the adoption of firm-based approaches to global environmental standards, and whether such firm-based approaches add value to traditional state-centered environmental regulation and governance. Why are firm-based global standards being adopted by MNCs, and do these standards constitute a novel and effective approach to improving the environmental performance of industry? The chapter addresses the issue of global standards and the environment from the perspective of recent research within economic geography on issues of economic globalization. We take this starting point precisely because much of the recent interest in global environmental standards among politicians and policy makers is a reaction to economic globalization and to the likely environmental and social consequences of intensified flows of capital, technology, and information on a global scale. The growing force of neoliberal trade and investment regimes, and the rapid growth in foreign direct investment and international trade within the world economy, has led many to call for a new global governance of economic processes that will ensure more positive development outcomes (Rodrik et al. 2002; UNDP 2003). What Rodrik and others have in mind in this regard is some combination of supra-national institutional capability and strengthened state-based regulation to match the growing global reach of MNCs.

Global Standards and the Environmental Performance of Industry

10.1068/a3788 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1903-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P Angel ◽  
Michael T Rock
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Plant ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Production Form ◽  
The Impact

In this paper we examine the emergence of firm-based global environmental standards as an approach to managing the environmental performance of complex global production networks. Firm-based global environmental standards exist when a firm defines a uniform set of process and product environmental performance requirements that must be adhered to by all of a firm's facilities around the world, even if these firm-based standards exceed the requirements of local and national environmental regulations. We identify increasingly stringent end-market environmental regulation, as well as growing concern over the need to protect a firm's reputational capital and operating legitimacy, as two key drivers of the adoption of firm-based environmental standards. Our analysis suggests, however, that firms are responding to these external drivers in part because of the characteristics of global production networks—a production form that depends on the ability to produce from any manufacturing plant to any end market. The paper examines the impact of firm-based environmental standards through case studies of a cement plant in Thailand and an electronics manufacturing plant in Penang, Malaysia. In line with the literature on new institution economics, the case studies demonstrate that firm-based standards are providing a platform for learning and innovation within the firm.

Sociological dimension of economic globalization: world trends and Ukrainian realities (Second part. Social changes in Ukrainian society in the context of economic globalization)

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-110
Author(s):  
Tetiana Petrushyna ◽  
Anatolii Arseienko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Globalization remains the most common and quite controversial concept in modern social discourse. Within the theoretical and conceptual sociological dimension, the authors analyzed the essence of economic globalization (EG) as its defining type. They studied globalization as an objective process (first of all, the international division of labour) and the subjective process of forming a global capitalist economy under the auspices of leading Western countries, supranational financial and economic institutions (primarily the World Bank and the IMF), TNCs. As the main drivers of globalization, they determine its forms and directions in the interests of the "core" of global capitalism. Within the empirical sociological dimension of EG (which involves measuring the various manifestations of the EG process itself as well as its social consequences), the authors paid particular attention to the analysis of social changes in Ukrainian society. The capitalization of the Ukrainian economy, which took place in parallel with Ukraine’s entry into the global economic space, led to degradation of the national economy, significant deterioration of living standards of most citizens, creation of anti-social state with the systemic crisis as its main attribute. To prove these conclusions, the authors analyzed the dynamics of the principal macroeconomic and sociological indicators of Ukrainian society’s life for almost 30 years of drift to the roadside of the global capitalist world, based on the study of numerous domestic and foreign sources. The authors focused on the research of eight critical areas of social changes: deindustrialization of the economy, global competitiveness and innovation, GDP dynamics, employment, income and welfare of the population, socioeconomic inequality, debt dependence and degradation of Ukrainian science. The analysis shows the need to abandon the neoliberal paradigm of development and search for the alternative and more fair models of EG.

MODERN EQUIPMENT FOR DETERMINING TRACTOR-SPEED PROPERTIES OF THE VEHICLE: CHARACTERISTICS’ ANALYSIS IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
N. V. Savenkov ◽  
V. V. Ponyakin ◽  
S. A. Chekulaev ◽  
V. V. Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Force Transfer ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Loading Devices ◽  
Structural Solutions

Introduction. At present, stands with running drums are widely used for various types of tests. Power stands play a special role. Such stands take the mechanical power from the driving wheels of the car. This simulates the process of movement of the vehicle under operating conditions. Such equipment has various designs, principles of operation and performance. It is also used in tests that are different by purpose, development stages and types: research, control, certification, etc. Therefore, it is necessary in order to determine the traction-speed, fuel-efficient and environmental performance characteristics.Materials and methods. The paper provides the overview of the power stands with running drums, which are widespread on the domestic market. The authors carried out the analysis of the main structural solutions: schemes of force transfer between the wheel and the drum; types of loading devices; transmission layout schemes and features of the control and measuring complex. The authors also considered corresponding advantages and disadvantages, recommended spheres of application, demonstrated parameters and characteristics of the units’ workflow, presented components and equipment.Discussion and conclusions. The authors critically evaluate existing models of stands with running drums. Such information is useful for choosing serial models of stands and for developing technical tasks for designing or upgrading the equipment.

scholarly journals The Social Contexts of Resilient Architecture

2021 ◽  
pp. 625-645
Author(s):  
Terri Peters
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Resilient Design ◽  
Design Projects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Generation

In architecture, the term resilience tends to be used narrowly describe a building’s structural and environmental performance in quantitative terms—but can a building be called resilient if it fails to make inspiring spaces for people, promote well-being, or improve people’s experience? The chapter begins by exploring how the term is currently evaluated in and around buildings, through discussion of related concepts such as sustainability, passive survivability, and performance gaps. The chapter traces the emergence of a new generation of building evaluation metrics and certification systems that are focused not solely on environmental performance but also consider synergies between people’s experience and our natural resources, such as Active House. The work of GXN and 3XN in Denmark are discussed, in relation to how their research explores resilience and sustainability by focusing on the social aspects of how buildings make people feel. Examples from the multifunctional, process-based strategies used in a series of new climate adaptation renovations in Copenhagen, Denmark, are discussed as exemplary resilient design projects that address neighborhood flooding by simultaneously improving the qualities of public spaces and better connecting people to nature. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how locally specific and socially focused designs can support more resilient environments for people.

scholarly journals Global Corporate Accountability

2020 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Lambin
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Corporate Accountability ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Accountability System ◽  
Civil Regulation ◽  
Structural Imbalance

Global corporate accountability refers to the performance of a publicly traded company in non-financial areas such as social responsibility, sustainability and environmental performance. The emergence of global civil regulation is rooted in the perception that economic globalization has created a structural imbalance between the size and power of global firms and markets and the capacity and/or willingness of governments to adequately regulate their corporate conduct. The objective of economic sustainability implies the development within the firm of a societal corporate accountability system, which will help the firm to manage its economic and societal responsibilities and to periodically report to its different stakeholders.

A Conceptual Model for Greening a Supply Chain through Greening of Suppliers and Green Innovation

2012 ◽  
pp. 302-315
Author(s):  
H. K. Chan ◽  
T.-Y. Chiou ◽  
F. Lettice
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
And Performance

Nowadays, more organisations are focusing on how to improve their environmental performance, partly driven by recent regulations in this area. This means that green supply chain management plays an important role over traditional supply chain management. Companies could gain competitive advantage through the proper management of their supply chain activities, for example, purchasing management. In fact, organisations can now generate more business opportunities than their competitors by addressing environmental management successfully. More specifically, it has been identified that implementation of green innovation can become a company’s order winner. However, not many studies have investigated the relationships between the greening of suppliers, green innovation, environmental performance and competitive advantage. The objective of this article is to propose a conceptual model, developed from a review of relevant literature and performance indicators, and to identify how future research can address these issues.

An Empirical Study of ISO 14001 Certification and Firm Environmental Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yijun Chen ◽  
Qi Xu ◽  
Wenqing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Iso 14001 ◽  
Environmental Certification ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Iso 14001 Certification ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

ISO14001 certification is of great significance to the company's environmental performance. Through the empirical analysis of environmental certification and performance of Listed Companies in China, this chapter draws some valuable conclusions. The initial ISO14001 certification will worsen the environmental performance of the enterprises. The equity nature of the enterprise has a moderating effect on the ISO14001 certification's influence on enterprise environmental performance. The separation rate of the above-mentioned two positions has a moderating effect on the ISO14001 certification's influence on enterprise environmental performance. Based on the above conclusions, this chapter puts forward some reasonable policy suggestions.

scholarly journals The Role of Green Recruitment and Selection on Performance of Processing Industries in Tanzania: A Case of Tanzania Tobacco Processors Limited (TTPL)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin M Mwita ◽  
Stella Malangalila Kinemo
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Global Environmental Problems ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Job Candidates ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
Green Human Resource Management

Environmental conservation has been a concern to many international, local organizations and individuals for Centuries. Green management initiatives become an important factor in forward-thinking business around the world as a means of combating environmental degradation caused by organizations. Industrialization has contributed to the global environmental problems we are witnessing today and Tanzania industrialization drive cannot ignore this fact. Research is one of best ways for investigating, understanding and solving problems.  Although number of researches has been done on Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM), still there is no sufficient literature on the subject. To bridge this gap this study investigated the role of green recruitment and selection on performance of Processing Industries in Tanzania by using Tanzania Tobacco Processors Limited (TTPL) as a case study. The study sough to specifically assess the application of green recruitment and selection at TTPL, determining whether green recruitment and selection attract more and better job candidates, and establishing the relationship between green recruitment and selection and organizational performance. It was found that green recruitment and selection practices are in place and they contribute in attracting more qualified job candidates. The study also found a linear relationship between green recruitment and selection and performance. Further, the study recommends institutionalization of green recruitment and selection and other green HRM practices in order improve organizational performance. Regulatory and statutory bodies are recommended to ensure that green practices are put in place by organizations for organizational and environmental sustainability.

Organizational capability for change and performance in artisanal businesses in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-431
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Sánchez-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Organizational Capability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeBusinesses in Mexico, particularly small and mid-sized companies, are faced with numerous challenges: a lack of competition, difficulty in positioning and maintaining oneself in the market, irrational use of natural resources, and poverty in the environment in which they develop. In spite of these problems, many are able to succeed; however, there is limited knowledge about how these businesses could implement organizational changes that would positively impact their results.Design/methodology/approachUsing dynamic capabilities theory and survey data obtained from pottery businesses in several artisan communities in Mexico through the application of face-to-face interviews, this paper analyzes the relationship between organizational capability for change (OCC) and economic and environmental performance.FindingsThis research proves that OCC positively and significantly impacts economic and environmental performance. Results contribute to the existing literature on OCC in the context of poverty.Originality/valueThis study offers empirical research that illustrates the relationship between OCC and the environmental and economic performance of pottery businesses. Additionally it contributes to a field of knowledge in progress; that is, OCC in contexts of subsistence where poverty is a constant issue. Artisans living in this context can also develop business capabilities that contribute to the permanence of their business in the market.

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