Synchronic and Diachronic Emergence

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
Paul Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Weak Emergence

This chapter discusses a number of different kinds of diachronic emergence, noting that they differ in important ways from synchronic conceptions. It argues that Bedau’s weak emergence has an essentially historical aspect, in that there can be two indistinguishable states, one of which is weakly emergent, the other of which is not. As a consequence, weak emergence is about tokens, rather than types, of states. The chapter concludes by examining the question of whether the concept of weak emergence is too weak and notes that there is at present no unifying account of diachronic and synchronic concepts of emergence.

scholarly journals PERANG BUBAT, REPRESENTASI SEJARAH ABAD 14 DAN RESEPSI SASTRANYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Yeni Mulyani Supriatin
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Literary Structure ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Difference

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap peristiwa Perang Bubat yang terjadi pada abad ke-14 atau tahun 1357 M dan resepsi sastranya. Masalah yang dibahas adalah bagaimana latar belakang terjadinya Perang Bubat, reaksi, dan tanggapannya. Teori yang digunakan adalah resepsi sastra. Metode untuk pengumpulan data adalah kualitatif dengan menerapkan prinsip resepsi sastra. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa terjadinya Perang Bubat adalah Raja Sunda tidak tunduk pada kehendak Gajah Mada dan Gajah Mada ingin menyatukan Nusantara. Resepsi sastra terhadap Perang Bubat dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3, yaitu resepsi dari aspek kesejarahannya, resepsi pengaruhnya terhadap penciptaan karya baru, dan resepsi terhadap struktur sastra.  Simpulan penelitian ini adalah peristiwa Bubat diresepsi setelah dua abad berlalu, yaitu pada abad ke-16  dan peristiwa tersebut diresepsi ulang pada abad ke-20-an. Hasil resepsi sastra  dari abad ke-18 sampai dengan abad ke-20 cukup beragam. Keberagaman resepsi itu menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan horizon harapan pembaca.  This study aims to reveal the events of the Bubat War that occurred in the 14th century or the year 1357 AD and literary receptions that emerged after the incident occurred. The issue discussed is how the background of the Bubat War and the reactions and responses to the event through literary receptions. The theory used in analyzing data is literary receptions. The method used for data collection is qualitative by applying the principle of literary receptions. The results of this study illustrate that the background of the Bubat War have two versions and both controversial, the first version because the King of Sunda entourage do not obey to the will of Gajah Mada, on the other hand, the second version is that Gajah Mada tactics in unifying the archipelago while the Kingdom of Sunda is a state that has not been submitted. Literary receptions to the War of Bubat can be grouped into three, they are the reception of its historical aspect, the reception of its influence on the creation of new works, and the reception of the literary structure. The conclusion of this research is  Bubat event was perceived after two centuries passed, in the 16th century and the event was redrawn in the 20th century. Results of literary receptions in the 18th century until the 20th century quite diverse. The diversity of the receptions shows the difference in the horizon of readers' expectations.    

Population status, breeding policy and perspectives for the development of the Danubian horse breed

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
R. Vlaeva ◽  
N. Lukanova ◽  
M. Popova
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Strong Reduction ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Abstract. The population status and breeding policy of the Danubian horse breed were studied for a relatively long period, from 1953-2017. The study traced the change in population number of the breed in decades and by different categories of animals. The analyses show a strong reduction in the number of Danubian horses in all categories. The small number of newborn foals is associated with the lowering number of breeding mares especially after the 1980s. In the last decade, according to an officially published bulletin by the breeding organization on the other hand, there was an increase in the number of mares and stallions and inconsistent with that number of breeding horses, newly born foals. In a historical aspect, the breeding policy of the Danubian horse showed some interesting and unpublished so far facts. Those facts are related, on the one hand, with the origin of the mares that became founders of families and, on the other hand, with the use of stallions of different breeds for input of purebred animals.

The New Cosmology in Its Historical Aspect: Plato, Newton, Whitehead

Philosophy ◽  
1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (25) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
T. M. Forsyth
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Physical Knowledge ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The One

Recent developments both in science and philosophy are tending to converge upon an outlook on things that constitutes or at least foreshadows a great new synthesis. The advances made more especially in astronomical and physical knowledge—the one concerning the indefinitely vast and the other the indefinitely minute—and the similarities disclosed in the two spheres, recalling Pascal’s insistent relating of the two infinites (the infinitely great and the infinitely small), and also Bacon’s contention that such similarities are not mere analogies but “the same footsteps of nature treading or printing upon several subjects or matters,” 1 have both widened and unified our conceptions of reality. Along with this has gone the influence alike on philosophy and on the sciences generally of the development of mathematical and biological ideas. Under the combined influence, especially, of Bergson and Einstein a restatement of fundamental principles is proceeding apace.

scholarly journals Berketuhanan dalam Perspektif Kepercayaan Sunda Wiwitan

MELINTAS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Ira Indrawardana
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
The People ◽  
The Face

By referring to the variety of cultures that have emerged and flourished in Indonesia, the author wants to figure the depth of ‘belief’ in God in relation to the respective cultural and spiritual expressions and through the rituals performed by the people of this belief (<em>kepercayaan</em>). Because of the influence of ‘Western’ beliefs brought into Indonesia by the colonialists in the past, the life of the people believing in God from within their own local beliefs together with the diversity of their cultures and spiritualities seem to have been marginalised. What is needed is a sort of new paradigm to view and value the local beliefs in the face of the so-called ‘official religions’ in Indonesia. This greater appreciation to the people of the local beliefs is in the line with the growing awareness of plurality of societies in this land. Efforts to recognise and understand the essence and values in the system of the local belief are of great importance. The author tries to explore how the doctrines of the belief <em>Sunda Wiwitan</em> develop by starting to browse the historical aspect of <em>Manusia Sunda</em> (‘Sundanese human being’) within its religious context and the other related elements in this system of belief. What is most important for the adherents of <em>Sunda Wiwitan</em> is not so much the frequence of praying to or worshiping God as the effort of every individual to maintain the attitude and deeds as a human being that keep the harmony of relation with the other human beings, the surrounding nature with all its contents, and God.

scholarly journals Kaidah Memahami Kisah Dalam Al-Quran Perspektif Mutawali al-Sya’rawi

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-299
Author(s):  
Nafisatun Nuri ◽  
Fakhrijal Ali Azhar ◽  
Ahmad Musyafiq
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Insight Into

The study of the Koran's stories focused on the excavation of its historical aspect. This was done to prove the existence of such narratives in the Koran as historical facts that happened. On the other hand, it is often the precautionary care of the story, even to be neglected. Mutawalli al-Sya'rawi came by offering insight into the story in the Koran, not only by digging out its heart, but also creating a similar story in every place and time. The study USES a descriptive approach. The things accredited by al-Sya'rawi is written in the code that doesn't give the character's real name, and that story will be repeated everywhere and every time. Like pharaoh that zalim, dictator, and raised himself. So did the dzulqarnain, who is good and empowering the weak. The personages of these two characters will continue to exist in life, wherever and wherever.

The Apex or Tutulus in Roman Art

1911 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 212-226
Author(s):  
Katharine A. Esdaile
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Roman Art ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
The Subject

Three articles of the highest importance have already been devoted to this subject, Dr. Helbig's epoch-making paper in Sitzungsberichte der Münchner Akademie, that in Marquardt's Staatsverwaltung and that of M. Jullian in Daremberg and Saglio's Dictionary, s.v. Flamen, which is really exhaustive. To these, as to the other works mentioned in this paper, every subsequent writer must record his debt; but room may still be found, especially in an English periodical, for a fresh consideration of the subject from its artistic as well as its historical aspect. It may also be useful to bring together in greater detail the monumental evidence for the priestly cap already existing in scattered publications; and welcome the opportunity now given me by the authorities of the British Museum and by Mr. C. Newton Robinson of adding several examples, one of high artistic importance, to those already known.

Stromatoporoids from the Famennian (Devonian) Wabamun Formation, Normandville oilfield, north–central Alberta, Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Stearn
Keyword(s):  
Patch Reef ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
Biotic Crisis

Stromatoporoids are the principal framebuilding organisms in the patch reef that is part of the reservoir of the Normandville field. The reef is 10 m thick and 1.5 km2in area and demonstrates that stromatoporoids retained their ability to build reefal edifices into Famennian time despite the biotic crisis at the close of Frasnian time. The fauna is dominated by labechiids but includes three non-labechiid species. The most abundant species isStylostroma sinense(Dong) butLabechia palliseriStearn is also common. Both these species are highly variable and are described in terms of multiple phases that occur in a single skeleton. The other species described areClathrostromacf.C. jukkenseYavorsky,Gerronostromasp. (a columnar species), andStromatoporasp. The fauna belongs in Famennian/Strunian assemblage 2 as defined by Stearn et al. (1988).

D. The Line Spectrum of Pulsating Variable Stars

1967 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 207-244
Author(s):  
R. P. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Afternoon Session ◽  
Empirical Information ◽  
Pulsating Variable Stars ◽  
Almost Continuous ◽  
Informal Approach

(Ed. note:Encouraged by the success of the more informal approach in Christy's presentation, we tried an even more extreme experiment in this session, I-D. In essence, Kraft held the floor continuously all morning, and for the hour and a half afternoon session, serving as a combined Summary-Introductory speaker and a marathon-moderator of a running discussion on the line spectrum of cepheids. There was almost continuous interruption of his presentation; and most points raised from the floor were followed through in detail, no matter how digressive to the main presentation. This approach turned out to be much too extreme. It is wearing on the speaker, and the other members of the symposium feel more like an audience and less like participants in a dissective discussion. Because Kraft presented a compendious collection of empirical information, and, based on it, an exceedingly novel series of suggestions on the cepheid problem, these defects were probably aggravated by the first and alleviated by the second. I am much indebted to Kraft for working with me on a preliminary editing, to try to delete the side-excursions and to retain coherence about the main points. As usual, however, all responsibility for defects in final editing is wholly my own.)

C. The Continuous Spectrum of Pulsating Variable Stars

1967 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 177-206
Author(s):  
J. B. Oke ◽  
C. A. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Spectrum ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Direct Information ◽  
Thermodynamic Structure ◽  
Diagnostic Interpretation ◽  
Pulsating Variable Stars ◽  
The Continuum

Pecker:The topic to be considered today is the continuous spectrum of certain stars, whose variability we attribute to a pulsation of some part of their structure. Obviously, this continuous spectrum provides a test of the pulsation theory to the extent that the continuum is completely and accurately observed and that we can analyse it to infer the structure of the star producing it. The continuum is one of the two possible spectral observations; the other is the line spectrum. It is obvious that from studies of the continuum alone, we obtain no direct information on the velocity fields in the star. We obtain information only on the thermodynamic structure of the photospheric layers of these stars–the photospheric layers being defined as those from which the observed continuum directly arises. So the problems arising in a study of the continuum are of two general kinds: completeness of observation, and adequacy of diagnostic interpretation. I will make a few comments on these, then turn the meeting over to Oke and Whitney.

Observing programme for the 24-inch/36-inch Schmidt telescope

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Schmidt Telescope ◽  
Flint Glass

A new 24-inch/36-inch//3 Schmidt telescope, made by C. Zeiss, Jena, has been installed since 30 August 1962, at the N. Copernicus University Observatory in Toruń. It is equipped with two objective prisms, used separately, one of crown the other of flint glass, each of 5° refracting angle, giving dispersions of 560Å/mm and 250Å/ mm respectively.

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