scholarly journals PERANG BUBAT, REPRESENTASI SEJARAH ABAD 14 DAN RESEPSI SASTRANYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Yeni Mulyani Supriatin
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Literary Structure ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Difference

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap peristiwa Perang Bubat yang terjadi pada abad ke-14 atau tahun 1357 M dan resepsi sastranya. Masalah yang dibahas adalah bagaimana latar belakang terjadinya Perang Bubat, reaksi, dan tanggapannya. Teori yang digunakan adalah resepsi sastra. Metode untuk pengumpulan data adalah kualitatif dengan menerapkan prinsip resepsi sastra. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa terjadinya Perang Bubat adalah Raja Sunda tidak tunduk pada kehendak Gajah Mada dan Gajah Mada ingin menyatukan Nusantara. Resepsi sastra terhadap Perang Bubat dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3, yaitu resepsi dari aspek kesejarahannya, resepsi pengaruhnya terhadap penciptaan karya baru, dan resepsi terhadap struktur sastra.  Simpulan penelitian ini adalah peristiwa Bubat diresepsi setelah dua abad berlalu, yaitu pada abad ke-16  dan peristiwa tersebut diresepsi ulang pada abad ke-20-an. Hasil resepsi sastra  dari abad ke-18 sampai dengan abad ke-20 cukup beragam. Keberagaman resepsi itu menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan horizon harapan pembaca.  This study aims to reveal the events of the Bubat War that occurred in the 14th century or the year 1357 AD and literary receptions that emerged after the incident occurred. The issue discussed is how the background of the Bubat War and the reactions and responses to the event through literary receptions. The theory used in analyzing data is literary receptions. The method used for data collection is qualitative by applying the principle of literary receptions. The results of this study illustrate that the background of the Bubat War have two versions and both controversial, the first version because the King of Sunda entourage do not obey to the will of Gajah Mada, on the other hand, the second version is that Gajah Mada tactics in unifying the archipelago while the Kingdom of Sunda is a state that has not been submitted. Literary receptions to the War of Bubat can be grouped into three, they are the reception of its historical aspect, the reception of its influence on the creation of new works, and the reception of the literary structure. The conclusion of this research is  Bubat event was perceived after two centuries passed, in the 16th century and the event was redrawn in the 20th century. Results of literary receptions in the 18th century until the 20th century quite diverse. The diversity of the receptions shows the difference in the horizon of readers' expectations.    

Richard Lavenham and the Cambridge Logic

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vincent Spade
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Logical Study

Summary This paper argues that the 14th-century Oxford Carmelite Richard Lavenham was the author of the treatise De syncategorematibus that was used as a textbook in 15th-century Cambridge, a version of which was printed several times in the late 15th and early 16th centuries in the Libellus sophistarum ad usum Cantabrigiensium. The manuscript versions of this treatise differ significantly from one another and from the printed editions, so that the claim of Lavenham’s authorship needs to be carefully considered. The evidence for this claim is described briefly. The identification of the De syncategorematibus in the Cambridge Libellus as Lavenham’s provides the first real indication that Lavenham, whose works testify to the influence of other authors on logico-linguistic studies in late 14th-century Oxford, was himself not without influence as late as the early 16th century. On the other hand, the De syncategorematibus is not a very competent treatise, so that its inclusion as a textbook in the Libellus sophistarum is an indication of the decline of the logical study of language in England during this period. A brief analysis of the contents of the treatise supports this observation.

Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Sara Matrisciano ◽  
Franz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Diffusion

All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

scholarly journals Post- Modern elements in the novels of Chetan Bhagat

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Dr. Radha ◽  
Dr. Premalatha. C 
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Real Life ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Distant Observer ◽  
Post Modernism ◽  
The Difference

Postmodernism is a Western philosophy, a late 20th-century movement characterized by broad skepticism, subjectivism, or relativism; a general suspicion of reason; and an acute sensitivity to the role of ideology in asserting and maintaining political and economic power”.Post-Modernists are independent while expressing their ideas, they never drop their statements and theory. It is more personal than identify with some other categories. The post-modernism was started in America around 16th century later it extended to Europe and other countries.Post-modern civilization fails to accept the modification between high and low class. There is a little place for modernism, originality or individual thinking. Bhagat has concentrated on the preconceptions of toppers, however there is more to life than these things your family, your friends, your internal desires and goals and the grades you get in dealing with each of these areas will define you as a person.The post-modernism has defused the difference between good and bad, moral and immoral, right and wrong. If there is a choice to select modern generation would not hesitate to go for one which is traditionally named as bad. Bhagat imbibed all these qualities in his writing. His characters go against the traditional customs and values. Bhagat represents intricate, deeply engrained socio-cultural complications of multicultural India, light-heartedly. He wishes readers to giggle at themselves, at their stupidities, their partialities, and their wrong-actions; not as a member but as a distant observer. He doesn’t bout them directly, but through fiction he attempts to understand their errors and gives a chance to rectify in the real life. Bhagat’s linking story telling method and the funny situations appeal readers.

scholarly journals Euripidés Médeiájának magyar fordításairól

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anikó Polgár
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Background ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Final Goal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Textual Strategies

This study is dealing with two Hungarian translations of Euripides’ Medea. The translation made by Grácia Kerényi was produced in the second half of the 20th century, whereas the version by Zsuzsa Rakovszky was published at the beginning of the 21st. The difference between the translations regarding their textual strategies, the professional background of the translators and the final goal of the works is abysmal. Grácia Kerényi was an expert of ancient literatures, her translation was published in the official and renowned collection of Euripides’ work, Zsuzsa Rakovszky on the other hand translates predominantly from English, and her version was inspired by the request of the theatre. The study contains three parts: in the first the author analyses Kerényi’s Medea in the context of the philological reconstruction, in the second, the author examines the same text modified and revised by Fruzsina Magyar, who was the dramatic advisor of the theatre performance in Szolnok, and the third part reflects on the problems of validity, poetical force and immediacy in the translation of Zsuzsa Rakovszky.

The first Russian dictionaries

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Н.Е. Касьяненко
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Статья посвящена истории развития словарного дела на Руси и появлению первых словарей. Затрагиваются первые, несловарные формы описания лексики в письменных памятниках XI–XVII вв. (глоссы), из которых черпался материал для собственно словарей. Анализируются основные лексикографические жанры этого времени и сложение на их основе азбуковников. В статье уделено внимание таким конкретным лексикографическим произведениям, как ономастикону «Рѣчь жидовскаго «зыка» (XVIII в.), словарям-символикам «Толк о неразумнех словесех» (XV в.) и «Се же приточне речеся», произвольнику, объясняющему славянские слова, «Тлъкование нεоудобь познаваεмомъ въ писаныхъ рѣчемь» (XIV в.), разговорнику «Рѣчь тонкословія греческаго» (ХV в.). Характеризуется словарь Максима Грека «Толкованіе именамъ по алфавиту» (XVI в.). Предметом более подробного освещения стал «Лексис…» Л. Зизания – первый печатный словарь на Руси. На примерах дается анализ его реестровой и переводной частей. Рассматривается известнейший труд П. Берынды «Лексикон славеноросский и имен толкование», а также рукописный «Лексикон латинский…» Е. Славинецкого, являющий собой образец переводного словаря XVII в. The article is dedicated to the history of the development of vocabulary in Russia and the emergence of the first dictionaries. The first, non-verbar forms of description of vocabulary in written monuments of the 11th and 17th centuries (glosses), from which material for the dictionaries themselves were drawn, are affected. The main lexicographical genres of this time are analyzed and the addition of alphabets on their basis. The article focuses on specific lexicographical works such as the «Zhidovskago» (18th century) the dictionaries-symbols of «The Talk of Unreasonable Words» (the 15th century). and «The Same Speech», an arbitrary explanation of slavic words, «The tlution of the cognition in the written», (the 14th century), the phrasebook «Ry subtle Greek» (the 15th century). Maxim Greck's dictionary «Tolkien names in alphabetical order» (16th century) is characterized. The subject of more detailed coverage was «Lexis...» L. Sizania is the first printed dictionary in Russia. Examples give analysis of its registry and translation parts. The famous work of P. Berynda «Lexicon of Slavic and Names of Interpretation» and the handwritten «Lexicon Latin...» are considered. E. Slavinecki, which is a model of the 17th century translated dictionary.

Laziness in American Literature: The Inaugural Moment

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-144
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Ladyga
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Didactic Literature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Speaking Truth To Power ◽  
Romantic Aesthetics

The chapter serves as a historical prelude to chapters on modernism and postmodernism, by providing a historical context for how the trope of laziness evolved in American literature prior to the 20th century. First, it looks at how the motif of laziness functioned in early Puritan literature, how this function was broadened in 18th-century secular and religious didactic literature, and how it eventually developed into an aesthetic device in the Early Republic, when the new trope of laziness combined high Romantic aesthetics of the pastoral with unrefined motifs of vagabondage and delinquency, and in this way addresses the culture’s desire for freedom from the norm of collective labour and from patterns of inclusion and exclusion within the consensual networks of social participation. Second, the chapter explores the difference between the familiar Romantic topos of idleness, which has no subversive potential with respect to ethical normativity and the topos of laziness, which does. Walt Whitman’s trope of loafing is reread here via the Cynical tradition of performative indomitability as parrhēsia, or speaking truth to power. Herman Melville’s experiments with haptic poetics of laziness in Typee are interpreted as a critique of Romantic moralism and the emerging ethico-aesthetic norm of productivity.

Art in Renaissance Florence

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Blake McHam ◽  
Stephen Mack
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Family ◽  
Renaissance Florence ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
The City ◽  
Lives Of The Artists

Florence was a crucial locus for developments in Italian art throughout the peninsula in the period between 1300 and 1600, and so this article will concern itself with art created in the city rather than by Florentine artists working outside of Florence. To a considerable degree, the pervasive influence of Giorgio Vasari’s Lives of the Artists (1550, 1568) affected all later historiography, which followed the patriotic Florentine in his claims that everything of importance throughout the Renaissance originated in the city and spread from there elsewhere. That myth was challenged only in the latter part of the 20th century. Nevertheless, no matter how Vasari exaggerated Florence’s importance, the city was a major center. It was wealthy particularly from the wool trade and through dominance in banking throughout Europe, and the city’s humanists early advised private and corporate patrons about the advantages to their reputations and to that of the city of commissioning art and architecture. Although in the 14th century, Florence was governed as a guild republic, and the major guilds commissioned most of the major works of art, by 1434, Cosimo de’ Medici rose to power, and thereafter except for brief intervals (1494–1512; 1527–1530), the Medici family controlled the city. In the mid-16th century, the family consolidated its power and ruled over all of Tuscany as grand dukes, and changed the nature of commissions to those flattering its rule.

scholarly journals Topique du cannibalisme et ensauvagement de l’Africain dans les discours européens

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 51-76
Author(s):  
Catherine Gallouët
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Travel Narratives ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century

In descriptions of European travel narratives since the 16th century, representations of the African are indistinguishable from those of other "savages" whose newly discovered lives both fascinate and repel. In the 18th century, even as allusions to New World cannibalism tended to dissipate, and the image of the "good savage" developed, the cannibalistic discourse on Africa continued to expand. This work proposes to observe how it emerges and spreads in European texts. In other words, the formation of this discourse on the other will be questionned in order to perhaps understand how it became fixated on the African: imaginary discourse, no doubt, but whose contagion still contaminates today’s perception of Blackness as otherness, and informs the persistent discourse of his perceived wildness.

民間傳說與木版版畫：觀音女性化形象在越南

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 046-073
Author(s):  
阮蘇蘭 阮蘇蘭
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Woodblock Prints ◽  
Vietnamese Literature

<p>妙善觀音傳說不僅在中國，也在越南的觀音崇拜信仰都形成女性形象的基礎。儘管佛教或崇拜觀音的信仰在十世紀之前已在越南傳播，但直到十四世紀初，這個傳說的出現才在越南得到證實。從十六世紀末到十九世紀末二十世紀初，小說、寶卷、真經等不同類型的妙善觀音傳本被越南文學接受，並翻譯成六八體喃字詩傳。這些喃字傳故事對大眾的文化和宗教生活產生深遠的影響。本論文基於漢喃資料重現妙善觀音傳說傳播的歷史過程，以分析它們對民間雕刻木版畫的影響。其中，各種妙善觀音傳說喃譯版本的民間藝術創作資料，以圖畫的方式呈現，使得版畫成為喃傳觀音故事向公眾傳播喃字故事的渠道。書籍與版畫不僅使崇拜觀音成為越南主流信仰的動力之一，也顯示本土化的女性觀音特徵。 </p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>The legend of Miaoshan-Guanyin constitutes the foundation of beliefs in the female form of Guanyin not only in China, but also in Vietnam. Although Buddhism and Guanyin beliefs in particular had spread in Vietnam before the 10th century, the appearance of this legend can be confirmed only at the beginning of the 14th century. From the end of the 16th century to the end of the 19th -- beginning of the 20th century, different versions of Miaoshan-Guanyin legend, such as novels (xiaoshuo), precious scrolls (baojuan), and true scriptures (zhenjing), were adapted in Vietnamese literature and translated into six-eight verse narratives. These N&ocirc;m versions have a profound impact on the cultural and religious life of the folk. This article presents the spread of the legend of Miaoshan-Guanyin in Vietnam to analyze its N&ocirc;m adaptions&rsquo;s influence on the folk woodblock prints. The N&ocirc;m versions of the Miaoshan-Guanyin legend which are represented in folk woodblock prints become a channel for transmission of the story of Guanyin to the commoners. Sino-N&ocirc;m manuscripts and woodblock prints not only propagate the worship of Guanyin one of the main driving forces of Vietnam’s mainstream beliefs, but also express characteristics of the localized female form of Guanyin. </p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Three Dutch Creoles in Comparison

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bakker
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
The Other

Three Dutch creoles, all of them extinct, have been documented, but not all to the same extent. Negerhollands of the Virgin Islands has been documented throughout a 250-year period, Berbice Dutch of Guyana during two decades of solid fieldwork in the 1970s and 1980s, and Skepi Dutch is only known through a handful of sentences and some 200 words collected in the 1970s. In this article, the lexical and grammatical data from the three creoles are compared, to the extent that they are available and comparable. The lexicons are compared on the basis of the etymological sources (from Dutch and other languages, and when the source is Dutch, whether the same or different words provide source for the same meanings), and the phonological and phonotactic patterns of the roots. The grammatical comparison is done initially on the basis of the 10 grammatical traits deductible from the scarce Skepi material, and then on the basis of a larger set of 22 traits, where Skepi could not be taken into account. Typologically, Berbice Dutch appears closer to Dutch than the other two creoles, but lexically it is farthest from Dutch. For some of the analyses, phylogenetic software was used to visualize connections and distances between each of the creoles and Dutch. The conclusion is that the three creoles came into being independently, with some areal contact between Skepi Dutch and Berbice Dutch. It is also argued that the varieties of the 20th-century Negerhollands had become so typologically distinct from those of the 18th century that they should be treated as varieties of two separate languages. The documented forms of the language show a gradual move away from Dutch and toward a more creole-like profile in the 20th century.*

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