Efficiency and Welfare

Mapping Power ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 134-154
Author(s):  
Meera Sudhakar
Keyword(s):  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
The State ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Public Subsidies ◽  
Northern Regions

Owing to historically-rooted regional imbalances in levels and modes of development; the state in Karnataka has struggled to provide resources for the less-developed, and agrarian northern districts that also play a key role in the competitive politics of the state. Until the 1980s, cheap hydro power accommodated these rising demands, even as dynamic tertiary economies centered on Bengaluru were creating a new political and economic image for the state. Rather than adopting strict economic principles in which cost-of-supply determines tariff and all regions are treated equally, Karnataka’s reforms involved a strategy of bureaucratic negotiation that has enabled wealthier regions to offset some of the costs associated with ongoing public subsidies to the northern regions and farmers. This has led to a relatively stable equilibrium, although arguably one that is dependent on continued willingness of wealthier regions to sustain this arrangement.

scholarly journals New records of the snake Leptophis diplotropis (Günther, 1872) (Squamata: Colubridae) from Hidalgo State, México

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Berriozabal-Islas ◽  
Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista ◽  
Luis M. Badillo Saldaña ◽  
Raciel Cruz-Elizalde
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
The State ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Sierra Madre Oriental ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Northern Regions

We report three new records of the snake Leptophis diplotropis from the southeastern and northern regions of Hidalgo State, México. These records represent the first observations of this species in the state of Hidalgo, and represent a range extension of 122.7 km north from the nearest record in Tochimilco, Puebla, México. These new records of L. diplotropis represent the best knowledge of its distribution in the Sierra Madre Oriental.

scholarly journals Results of selection work with grain crops in the subarctic zone of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
O. B. Batakova ◽  
V. A. Korelina ◽  
I. V. Zobnina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
The State ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
State Register ◽  
Feed Direction ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
The Russian Federation

Agriculture of the Northern regions specializes in animal husbandry, in this regard an urgent problem of crop production in the conditions of the Northern regions of the Russian Federation is the creation of precocious, high-yielding varieties of grain crops for fodder purposes. The article reflects the selection achievements in grain crops over the past seven years. The presented new varieties combine high yield, increased environmental plasticity, and have the ability to reduce their productivity to a lesser extent when cultivated in the harsh conditions of the Northern region. Breeding work conducted at the laboratory of crop production of the Primorskiy filial FGBUN FICKIA RAN - ArhNIISKH in 2005-2019, in breeding semipolar rotation in accordance with the "Guidelines on the selection of barley and oats" (2014), methodology of State Commission for testing of agricultural crops (1985). The digestibility of winter rye dry matter was determined by in vitro method on an artificial stomach. Statistical processing of experimental results was performed using the AGROS version 2.07 selection and genetic software package. Results of the study. As a result of selection work, precocious productive varieties of grain crops of the feed direction were bred and included in the state register. Bereginya — new-generation winter rye variety, universal use, with a low content of water-soluble pentosans in the grain. The variety has been included in the State register of selection achievements since 2013. Variety of spring barley Tausen — feed direction, resistant to environmental stress factors, high-yielding, resistant to lodging and pathogens (dusty smut, spotting). It has been included in the State register of selection achievements since 2014. Spring barley variety Kotlassky — feed direction precocious, productive, adaptive to adverse environmental factors, for obtaining concentrated feed for livestock and poultry. It has been included in the State register of breeding achievements since 2019. Arhan spring oat variety — environmentally plastic adapted to changes in soil and climate conditions, immune to dusty smut, combines a high yield of grain and green mass. Since 2020, it has been included in the State register of selection achievements.

Infrastructure and Monitoring of the State of the Road Network in the Northern Regions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Tagieva ◽  
O. Yu. Ulitich ◽  
A. Yu. Gorelov ◽  
A. I. Salagubov
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
The State ◽  
The Road ◽  
Northern Regions

Uttarakhand

Mapping Power ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 296-318
Author(s):  
Jonathan Balls
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
High Level ◽  
Financial Base ◽  
Breathing Room ◽  
High Share

Uttarakhand was created out of Uttar Pradesh and endowed with a substantial benefit: sole access to cheap hydro power. Low-cost power allowed the state to attract industry by cutting tariffs, providing a stable financial base, and enabling a well-functioning sector. With low tariffs, the power sector has not become an arena for populist policies despite frequent electoral shifts. However, this comfortable situation also limited the pressure to use the breathing room created by low cost power coupled with high share of industrial consumption to address long-standing loss levels in other parts of the state. As the limits of low-cost power are reached, the threat to Uttarakhand’s high-level equilibrium comes from having to turn to high-cost thermal power and stagnating industrial consumption.

Study of the Trilinear Neighborhood Model of Process of Formation of Temperature’s Coiling Hot-rolled Strip

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
A.M. Shmyrin ◽  
A.G. Yurtsev ◽  
A.M. Korneev ◽  
L.S. Abdullakh
Keyword(s):  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
The State ◽  
Rolled Strip ◽  
State Control ◽  
Hot Rolled Strip ◽  
Hot Rolled

<span lang="EN-US">The paper considers trilinear neighborhood model of process of formation of temperature’s coiling hot-rolled strip, where the parameters are the state, control and information. The methods of determining the composition of extremums of the general parametric operation are presented. Extremums’ condition for the existence, which has been tested on a concrete example, is obtained. The assumption about the area in which it is impossible to say with certainty about the system’s stability is stated. The hypothesis about the condition of the loss of the position of stable equilibrium of the system and the transition to a new state.</span>

scholarly journals Sustainable Development: Through Micro Hydro-Power Projects in Uttarakhand

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartikey Hari Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
The State ◽  
Remote Area ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Green Power ◽  
Supply Model

<p>The above mentioned article indicates that the concept of micro hydro projects for remote area electrification in the State of Uttarakhand is completely sustainable as well as having minimal or no impact on the surrounding natural habitat. It is a self-sustaining Green Power Supply model possible only through the concept of Micro Hydro Projects.</p>

scholarly journals Occurrence of Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis on Soybean in Illinois

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1211-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Gravert ◽  
S. Li ◽  
G. L. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Stem Canker ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Phomopsis Longicolla ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Diaporthe Phaseolorum ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Soybean Plants

Both Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora and D.phaseolorum var. meridionalis cause stem canker on soybean, with D. phaseolorum var. caulivora reported in the northern regions and D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis reported in the southern regions of the United States (1). During the 1999 and 2000 growing seasons, fungi were isolated from soybean plants from growers' fields exhibiting stem canker symptoms. Stem tissue along the margin of the canker was cut into 1- to 5-mm3 pieces, surface-disinfected for 4 min in 0.5% NaOCl solution, rinsed twice, and plated on water or potato dextrose agar (PDA). Fungi of interest were hyphal tipped, grown on PDA at 21°C with 24 h of light, and identified by culture and spore morphology after 3 to 4 weeks. Typical D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis isolates produced white, lanose colonies that turned tan with age. Most of the D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis isolates produced pycnidia with alpha spores and beaked perithecia after 25 to 30 days (2). Brown to black stromata formed in irregular shapes. Of the 16 D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis isolates identified, 11 were from Illinois, 1 each from Indiana and Ohio, and 3 from Kentucky. In Illinois, four isolates were from the northern part of the state, and the rest were from the central and southern areas of the state. In addition to D. phaseolorum var. meridionalis, other isolates obtained from soybean plants included D. phaseolorum var. caulivora, D. phaseolorum var. sojae, and Phomopsis longicolla. References: (1) J. A. McGee and D. C. Biddle. Plant Dis. 71:620, 1987. (2) A. W. Zhang et al. Phytopathology 88:1306, 1998.

scholarly journals CURRENT ISSUES OF RESETTLEMENT FROM THE SOUTHERN REGIONS TO THE NORTHERN REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gabdulina ◽  
◽  
M. Ykyla ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The State ◽  
State Program ◽  
Northern Regions

Currently, the country is developing a demographic imbalance. According to statistics, the Northern regions (North Kazakhstan, Pavlodar, and Kostanay regions) have a population of about 2.2 million people, and the population density is 6.8 million people, compared to the southern regions (South Kazakhstan, Zhambyl, Kyzylorda, and Almaty regions). By 2050, the population of the Northern regions is projected to decrease by 0.9 million people, while the population of the southern regions will increase by 5.2 million people. The population density in the southern regions will be 4 times higher than in the Northern ones. As one of the measures to restore this imbalance, the state program of voluntary relocation of the population from the southern regions to the Northern ones was launched. Under this program, conditions are created for those who move to the Northern regions, there are various benefits and material rewards. But while this program has significant advantages, it also has disadvantages. How do I fix them? What is being done for this purpose? In this article, we will try to find answers to these questions.

Application of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in Renewable Energy Generation from Micro-Hydel Projects of Himachal Pradesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-97
Author(s):  
A. N. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Clean Development Mechanism ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Development Mechanism

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is defined as one of the “flexibility” mechanisms that allows entities based in Developed Countries (Annex I Parties) to develop emission-reducing projects in Developing Countries (non-Annex I Parties), and generate tradable carbon credits corresponding to the volume of carbon emission reductions achieved by those projects. CDM projects have been developed in several parts of the world across the sectoral economies, including renewable energy, with reportedly varying degrees of success and failures. In the renewable energy segment, CDM has been successfully deployed in Micro-Hydel power projects to mitigate and offset green-house gas emissions into the environment. The experiences of different implementing states are vastly different in past decade. CDM applications in Micro-Hydel projects have been quite notable to generate hydro-power and mitigate emissions in the state. This paper takes a holistic review about the current status in the performance of CDM projects in India, with special reference to Himachal Pradesh, particularly in the context of Small (Micro)-Hydel projects with a very high renewable energy potential. The achievements as well as strategy of implementation of Small-Hydel projects in Himachal Pradesh is discussed in the light of selected case studies of CDM projects that are at various stages of formulation, designing and implementation. Guidelines for CDM project designing and the potential for carbon markets for the hydro-power in the context of Himachal Pradesh is discussed. Some of the shortcomings in implementation of Micro-Hydel CDM project in the State are also discussed and highlighted in the paper. The paper has also examined the status of implementation and the quality of projects in the form of illustrative case studies in terms of their ability for energy extraction, creating energy trading opportunities, and stakeholder participation in sharing the project benefits during the lifetime as well as the beyond the life-time of the projects.

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