scholarly journals Ultrasound in Lund —three world premieres

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan westling
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Mitral Insufficiency ◽  
Quantitative Diagnosis ◽  
Primitive Operation ◽  
Valve Opening ◽  
University Town ◽  
High Degree

In the historical section of the monograph Ultrasound in Medical Diagnosis, published in 1976, one can read that a substantial part of the early development of the ultrasound-echo method took place in the little university town of Lund in Sweden. It is not without pride that the Lundensians Inge Edler and Hellmuth Hertz comment upon this in a later review article. They also describe what happened in Lund in the 1950s which they thought contributed in a decisive way to diagnostics in cardiology, neurosurgery, and obstetrics and gynaecology. Apart from the cardiologist Edler and the physicist Hertz the pioneers were the neurosurgeon Lars Leksell and the obstetrician Bertil Sundén. Hertz and his pupils were to a high degree responsible for the technical development and the application in all three specialities. During the late 1940s and the early 1950s surgery of the heart was started in Lund. The first common lesion to be corrected in adults was mitral stenosis. The valve was opened by forced dilatation. Results were often good but there was a diagnostic problem. In some patients the symptoms were not due simply to a small valve opening. There was also a leakage of blood ‘backwards’, mitral insufficiency. This condition of course could not be improved by such a primitive operation. Instead, the procedure might make the condition worse. There was thus a great need for improved diagnostics before operation. This was when the young internist Inge Edler entered the scene. Born in 1911 he had started his career in internal medicine in Malmö but in 1950 he moved to Lund where he became responsible for the preoperative heart evaluations. He immediately focused his interest on the possibilities of making a quantitative diagnosis of mitral stenosis and to determine the existence of mitral insufficiency. Edler’s nurse was married to a physicist, Jan Cederlund. Hence it was natural for Edler to ask Cederlund if the radar technique developed during world war II could be used for examination of the heart. Cederlund forwarded the question to his friend Hellmuth Hertz, also a physicist.

The New Federalists

Worldview ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Donald F. Keys
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
World War ◽  
New Federalism ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

The movement for a governed world has undergone a mutation recently and shows signs of again becoming an important factor in the intellectual and political worlds—for the first time since the early 1950's. The new federalism, or, if you like, neo-federalism, is no less idealistic than the old, but the time scales are different and the policies more pragmatic.Organizations and movements are not the same thing. The movement for a federated world really got under way immediately following World War II, and at first there was a high degree of congruency between the United World Federalists and the movement.

Crises and Responses: Government Policies and the Machine-Building Cartels in Hungary, 1919–1949

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-131
Author(s):  
MÁRIA HIDVÉGI
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
World War ◽  
East Central Europe

What impact have government policies had on the private sector’s response to economic crises, in particular on its decisions for restructuring and adaptation? The Hungarian machine-building industry from 1919 to 1949 provides an interesting case study for these interrelations between business and politics. The study focuses on the role of cartels in organizing responses to crises. The case study is based on a survey of the cartel agreements and investigates why cartels provided solutions only to short-term crises, if they provided solutions at all. The hypothesis is that government policies played a substantial part in the story, as they did not provide enough incentives for coordinated responses to structural change. The years 1919 to 1949 encompass the crises caused by the territorial and political change in East Central Europe after World War I, the Great Depression, and World War II and its aftermath. Depicting the responses of the machine-building industry through the experience of one of its key companies and its cartels—Ganz & Co.—this article analyzes the influence of the institutional framework on short- and long-term adaptation to crises.

Surgeons Begin Trying to Treat Heart Disease

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bruce Fye
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
World War ◽  
Mitral Valves ◽  
Staff Members

The development of heart surgery lagged behind operations on other organs. In the 1920s surgeons in Boston and in Europe attempted to open mitral valves that had become obstructed as a complication of rheumatic fever. Most of their patients died, and the operation was abandoned until after World War II. Operations to treat children with specific types of congenital heart disease were developed between 1938 and 1944. But these procedures involved the blood vessels outside the heart rather than structures within it. After the war, surgeons in Boston, Philadelphia, and London showed that it was safe to operate on patients with severe mitral stenosis. Without surgery, these individuals would die of heart failure. Mid-century optimism about the potential of treating patients with heart disease was fueled by the discovery of so-called miracle drugs, such as penicillin and cortisone (for which two Mayo staff members shared the Nobel Prize in 1950).

Atypical employment over the life cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-213
Author(s):  
Ronald Bachmann ◽  
Rahel Felder ◽  
Marcus Tamm
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Employment Trajectories ◽  
Atypical Employment

PurposeThis paper analyses how the employment histories of cohorts born after World War II in Germany have changed. A specific focus is on the role of atypical employment in this context.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses data from the adult cohort of the National Educational Panel Study and presents descriptive evidence on employment patterns for different cohorts. In addition, a sequence analysis of employment trajectories illustrates key aspects related to the opportunities and risks of atypical employment.FindingsYounger cohorts are characterised by acquiring more education, by entering into employment at a higher age and by experiencing atypical employment more often. The latter is associated with much higher employment of women for younger cohorts. The sequence analysis reveals that the proportion of individuals whose entry into the labour market is almost exclusively characterised by atypical employment rises significantly across the cohorts. Moreover, a substantial part of the increase in atypical employment is due to the increased participation of women, with part-time jobs or mini-jobs playing an important role in re-entering the labour market after career breaks.Originality/valueThe most important contribution of this article to the existing literature lies in the life course perspective taken for different birth cohorts. The findings are of great interest to the general debate about the success of the German labour market in recent decades and its implications for individual labour-market histories, but also about rising income inequality at about the same time.

The mitral opening snap in the quantitative diagnosis of mitral stenosis

1956 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Bayer ◽  
F. Loogen ◽  
H.H. Wolter
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Quantitative Diagnosis

Global norms, domestic institutions and the transformation of immigration policy in Canada and the US

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
TRIADAFILOS TRIADAFILOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
World War ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
The Us ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree

AbstractThis article examines the liberalisation of immigration policy in Canada and the US in the post-World War II era. I argue that shifting norms pertaining to race, ethnicity, and human rights cast longstanding discriminatory policies in Canada and the US in a highly critical light. Opponents of racially discriminatory immigration policies exploited this shift in normative contexts to highlight the disjuncture between Canada and the US’ postwar commitments to liberal norms and human rights, on the one hand, and their extant policy regimes, on the other. The resulting pressure set in motion comparable processes of policy stretching and unravelling, which culminated in policy shifting in the mid-1960s. Policy shifting was, however, subject to very different political dynamics. Whereas Canada's institutional configuration granted the executive branch and bureaucracy a high degree of autonomy that enabled experimentation, the greater openness of the American political system led to a more politicised process, marked by compromises and deal-making. Thus while changing norms prompted the liberalisation of immigration policies in both countries, differences in their domestic political contexts resulted in very different admissions regimes.

The Egyptian collection from Łohojsk in the National Museum in Warsaw

Światowit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 249-257
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Majewska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
National Museum ◽  
World War ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Museum Of Fine Arts ◽  
The Rich

The National Museum in Warsaw, founded in 1916, took over the function of the older Museum of Fine Arts in Warsaw, founded in 1862. Between 1918 and 1922, the National Museum was systematically enriched through donations by private persons and institutions. One of the most important collections, placed there in 1919, was that originating from an old private museum owned by the Tyszkiewicz family in Łohojsk, donated through the agency of the Society of Fine Arts ‘Zachęta’ in Warsaw. The museum in Łohojsk (today in Belarus, not far from Minsk) was founded by Konstanty Tyszkiewicz (1806–1868). The rich collection of family portraits, paintings, engravings, and other works of art was enriched in 1862 by Count Michał Tyszkiewicz (1828–1897), who bequeathed a substantial part of the Egyptian antiquities brought from his travel to Egypt in 1861–1862. The Łohojsk collection was partly sold by Konstanty’s son, Oskar Tyszkiewicz (1837–1897), but some of these objects were purchased in 1901 by a cousin of Michał Tyszkiewicz, who then donated them to the Society of Fine Arts ‘Zachęta’. At this stage, the whole collection amounted to 626 items, of which 163 were connected to Egypt. During World War II, the National Museum in Warsaw suffered serious losses. At present, the exhibits originating from Łohojsk include 113 original ancient Egyptian pieces, four forgeries, and 29 paper squeezes reproducing the reliefs from the tomb of Khaemhtat of the 18th Dynasty (Theban tomb no. 57).

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