Buyer–Supplier Relationships and Embeddedness: Outcome Duality in the Dyad

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusoon Kim ◽  
Thomas Y. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Relational Outcomes ◽  
Made In

This chapter begins with the observation that a supplier is embedded not only within the dyad (i.e., the buyer) but also within its own extended ties (i.e., its suppliers). Looking at the buyer–supplier relationships via the lens of embeddedness allows us to consider the duality of relational outcomes—the primary outcome contained in the dyad and the incidental outcome on the supplier’s part. The chapter conceptualizes dyadic embeddedness in the buyer–supplier context and demonstrates how that dyadic embeddedness is accountable for the diverse relational outcomes and helps resolve some puzzling observations that have been made in the literature. How a supplier relates to its buyer in the dyad constrains how it perceives and behaves outside the dyad, which in turn would have spillover effect on the buyer–supplier dyad. As such, taking the embeddedness view broadens our understanding of the dynamics of buyer–supplier relationships.

scholarly journals Ziprasidone, haloperidol and clonazepam intramuscular administration in the treatment of agitation symptoms in Chinese patients with schizophrenia: A network meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. e000016
Author(s):  
Liang Su ◽  
Zheng Lu ◽  
Shenxun Shi ◽  
Yifeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Excessive Sedation ◽  
Made In

BackgroundAgitation is very common in patients with acute stage schizophrenia, and injection of antipsychotics and clonazepam is widely used. Network meta-analysis of these comparisons among three injection treatments has been seldom reported.AimTo compare the efficacy and safety of various injections for agitation symptoms in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.MethodsSearches were made in PubMed, Embase and Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, Wanfang data, CNKI, SinoMed and VIP databases up to 18 February 2018. Standard search strategies were performed by two reviewers according to the Cochrane Review Group. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. STATA was used to perform meta-analysis. The Cochrane Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the strength of evidence.ResultsA total of 15 studies were included in the network meta-analysis. There were 11 studies comparing ziprasidone with haloperidol, and four studies comparing haloperidol with clonazepam. The results showed that ziprasidone is more effective than haloperidol and clonazepam (sucra: 77.2, 72.8 and 0) in the treatment of agitation symptoms. There was the effect size (standardised mean difference (SMD)) in the three groups: haloperidol: SMD=2.278, 95% CI 1.836 to 2.719; ziprasidone: SMD=2.536, 95% CI 2.082 to 2.990; and clonazepam: SMD=1.360, 95% CI 0.127 to 2.593. The acceptability was assessed by the incidence of excessive sedation, which showed that ziprasidone and haloperidol were similar with both being superior to clonazepam (sucra: 0.3, 0.7 and 99.0). Ziprasidone had significantly less adverse effects than haloperidol in effects of extrapyramidal system (EPS) (z=5.01, p<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between haloperidol and ziprasidone in tachycardia and abnormal ECG (z=1.69, p=0.091; z=0.87, p=0.386; respectively). Based on GRADE, the strength of the evidence for primary outcome was ‘medium’.ConclusionOur results suggested that ziprasidone was more suitable than haloperidol and clonazepam in the treatment of agitation symptoms in Chinese patients with schizophrenia, according to the efficacy and acceptability of these three intramuscular injection medications.

Effectiveness of preoxygenation with positive airway pressure in non-obese healthy patient: a comparison of the supine and 25° head up position

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Dhakal ◽  
Balkrishna Bhattarai ◽  
Sindhu Khatiwada ◽  
Asish Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Supine Position ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Head Up Tilt ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background Though conventional preoxygenation provides extended safe apnoeic period during endotracheal intubation, it is associated with atelectasis of lungs immediately after induction. Therefore, alternatives such as positive airway pressure and head-up tilt during preoxygenation have been explored but uniform recommendations have not yet been made. In the present study we aimed to find out the effect of combination of 5 cmH2O CPAP and 25° head up position during preoxygenation on non-hypoxic apnea period. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, 60 non-obese healthy adult patients were randomly divided into three groups; Group C receiving preoxygenation in conventional technique, Group S receiving preoxygenation in supine position with 5 cmH2O CPAP and Group H receiving preoxygenation in 25° head-up position with 5 cmH2O CPAP. After 3 min of preoxygenation, anesthesia was induced and trachea intubated. After confirming the tracheal intubation by direct visualization, all patients were administered vecuronium to maintain neuromuscular blockade and midazolam to prevent awareness. Post-induction, patients in all groups were left apneic in supine position with the tracheal tube exposed to atmosphere till the SpO2 dropped to 92%. The primary outcome compared between the groups was the non-hypoxic apnoeic period (time to fall SpO2 to 92%). Results The duration of non-hypoxic apnea period was longer (p<0.05) in Group H patients (405.90±106.69 s) as compared to the Group C (296.90±99.01 s) and Group S (319.65±71.54 s). Although the duration of non-hypoxic apnea was clinically longer in the Group S as compared to Group C the difference was not statistically significant. There were no remarkable adverse events observed in any group. Conclusion Preoxygenation in 25° head-up position with 5 cmH2O CPAP significantly prolongs non-hypoxic apnea period in non-obese healthy adults compared to supine position, with or without 5 cmH2O CPAP.

scholarly journals Ultrasound guided lumbar puncture reduces failed punctures, spent time and number of attempts in emergency department

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Mahboub Pouraghaei ◽  
Mohammadkazem Tarzamani ◽  
Payman Moharramzadeh ◽  
Sahar Nikniaz ◽  
Soraiya Karimian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Ultrasound Guidance ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
The Us ◽  
Manual Palpation ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Made In

Introduction: The present study was an attempt to evaluate the role of ultrasonography on decreasing the number of attempts, failed punctures, time needed to perform the procedure and patients’ pain. Methods: This study is a prospective case-control. Patients were divided in two groups randomly. A two-dimensional probe was used to localize intervertebral space in the ultrasound guidance (US group). In manual palpation (MP group) however, insertion level was determined using the standard technique by manual palpation. The number of attempts (needle insertion) required for a successful tap and successful/unsuccessful attempts were considered as the primary outcome measures. Results: Male patients with an average age of 44.08±15.83 years accounted for 60% (30 individuals) of the population. Success rate was 92% in the US group and 34% in the MP group (P<0.001). It took 79.64± 19.91 and 85.4±11.62 minutes to identify the proper location in US and MP groups respectively (P=0.21). In the first attempt, it took 6.33±0.95 and 6.87±0.7 minutes to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in US and MP groups respectively (P=0.02). Average time taken to localize the sites in two attempts were 8.28±2.44 and 13.17±3.32 in US and MP groups respectively (P<0.001). Average number of attempts made in the US and MP groups were 1.08±0.27 and 1.64±0.66 (P<0.001) respectively. Conclusion: Ultrasonography has reduced the time needed for locating puncture to collect CSF, pain management in patients, determining the number of attempts, and defining the risk of traumatic puncture. Moreover, this technique is characterized by a higher success rate. Using ultrasonography in obese patients and people with lumbar problems is more important.

scholarly journals Solid organ donation from the emergency department – missed donor opportunities

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-707
Author(s):  
Jessica McCallum ◽  
Ryan Yip ◽  
Sonny Dhanani ◽  
Ian Stiell
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Medical Futility ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTObjectiveA significant gap exists between people awaiting solid organ transplantation and solid organ donors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were missed donors in the emergency department (ED).MethodsWe performed a health records and organ donation database review of all patients dying in a large tertiary ED from November 1, 2014 to October 31, 2017 at two campuses with 160,000 visits per year. Demographic and donor suitability data were collected. The primary outcome was missed potential solid organ donors. Missed potential donors were intubated, had a pulse, and had no donation contraindications. The secondary outcome was cases where no notification was made to the organ donation organization at all.ResultsThere were 605 deaths in the ED. Patients had a mean age of 71.1 years, 58.3% were male, and 12.4% died of a traumatic cause. There were 10 missed potential donors. Missed potential donors had a mean age of 67.4 years, 70.0% were male, and 20.0% died from trauma. In all 10 cases, patients had withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy for medical futility, and referral for donation occurred after death. Missed ED donors could have increased hospital-wide donation up to 10.6%. No notification was made in 12 (2.0%) cases; however, none of these would have been successful solid organ donors.ConclusionThe ED is a source of missed organ donors. All potential donors were missed due to referral after withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy. ED physicians should consider the possibility of solid organ donation prior to the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy.

scholarly journals Don’t you (forget about me)

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-790
Author(s):  
Ce (Jacky) Mo ◽  
Ting Yu ◽  
Ko de Ruyter
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Channel Networks ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relational Outcomes ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

Purpose To advance research on channel relationship management, this study aims to test for the impacts of a channel member’s perception of exclusion from a supplier’s distribution channel networks (i.e. out-of-the-channel-loop perceptions [OCLP]) on supplier–channel partner relationships. The authors also systematically develop and empirically validate a scale to measure OCLP. Design/methodology/approach This paper reports two empirical studies. The first develops a new scale for OCLP, following established approaches. The second tests the hypotheses. Survey data from a sample of channel firms operating in four industries were subjected to partial least squares modelling in the test of the hypothesized main and moderating effects. Findings The authors developed the new scale, including eight items, that capture OCLP from both social and economic perspectives. The results also show that OCLP has negative impacts on channel members’ psychological and behavioural outcomes (satisfaction, information sharing, positive word of mouth), after controlling for the effect of perceived unfairness. Channel partner perceived peer support emerges as a boundary condition of the impact; perceived informational support attenuates, whereas emotional support amplifies, the impact of OCLP. Research limitations/implications This study suggests new research opportunities for explaining business-to-business marketing relationships using newly conceptualized OCLP. Practical implications This study highlights that suppliers must recognize the potential for negative consequences of OCLP and manage these perceptions to minimize the negative implications. For suppliers, this study also offers several tools for managing OCLP. Originality/value This study introduces ostracism concepts to marketing channel literature to study a potential detriment to channel relationships. The proposed scale captures channel partners’ sense of exclusion from supplier relationships. It provides initial insights into the direct impacts on channel relational outcomes and associated boundary conditions.

scholarly journals TP10.2.10A Prospective Analysis of Imaging Modalities in Appendicitis during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivetha Saravanan ◽  
Hannah Javanmard-Emamghissi ◽  
Jonathan Lund ◽  
Gillian Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Complicated Appendicitis ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Suspected Appendicitis ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
Operative Findings ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Appendiceal Perforation ◽  
Made In

Abstract Aims Acute appendicitis is a common general surgical emergency, occurring in 90-100 per 100,000 patients per year. Clinical practice in the UK involves either a clinical or ultrasound (US) diagnosis, with computed tomography (CT) reserved for cases of suspected complicated appendicitis. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic management pathways were altered, this study sought to capture that. Methods This prospective study included adult patients with suspected appendicitis at a single UK centre from March-June 2020. The primary outcome measures were rates of US and CT imaging. Secondary outcomes included subsequent operative and histological findings. Results Seventy-five patients were included. A clinical diagnosis of appendicitis was made in 11 (15%). Thirty-five (47%) patients had CT, 22 (29%) had an US and 7 (9%) had both. The appendix was visualised in only 10 patients and a radiological diagnosis of appendicitis was made in 6 cases. Appendicitis was confirmed on histology in 67% of subsequently operated cases. CT evidence of appendicitis correlated with operative appendicitis in 93% (28/30) of cases. There were two cases of appendiceal malignancy not demonstrated on CT. Correlation of complicated appendicitis between CT and operative findings was poor; one third (10/28) of patients had appendiceal perforation not identified on CT. Conclusions The use of CT for diagnosing appendicitis was markedly increased during the first wave of the pandemic. The appendix was visualised infrequently on ultrasound, but when seen correlated well with histological findings. CT was superior at detecting appendicitis but failed to differentiate well between complicated and uncomplicated disease.

A comparative assessment of win-win and win-lose negotiation strategy use on supply chain relational outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Thomas ◽  
Jacqueline Eastman ◽  
C. David Shepherd ◽  
Luther Trey Denton
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Behavioral Experiment ◽  
Negotiation Strategy ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
Relational Outcomes

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the relational impact of using win-win or win-lose negotiation strategies within different types of buyer-supplier relationships. Design/methodology/approach A multi-method approach is used. Qualitative interviews with supply chain managers reveal that relationship-specific assets and cooperation are important relational factors in buyer-supplier negotiations. Framing interview insights within the social exchange theory (SET), hypotheses are tested using a scenario-based behavioral experiment. Findings Experimental results suggest that win-lose negotiators decrease their negotiating partner’s commitment of relationship-specific assets and levels of cooperation. In addition, the use of a win-lose negotiation strategy reduces levels of relationship-specific assets and cooperation more in highly interdependent buyer-supplier relationships than relationships that are not as close. Research limitations/implications Buyer-supplier relationships are complex interactions. Negotiation strategy choice decisions can have long-term effects on the overall relationship. As demonstrated in this study, previous research focusing on one side “winning” a negotiation as a measure of success has oversimplified this complex phenomenon. Practical implications The use of a win-lose negotiation strategy can have a negative impact on relational outcomes like cooperation and relationship-specific assets. For companies interested in developing strong supply chain relationships, buyer and suppliers should choose their negotiation strategy carefully as the relational impact extends beyond the single negotiation encounter. Originality/value Previous research predominantly advocates for the use of a win-win negotiation strategy within interdependent relationships. This research offers evidence that the use of a win-lose strategy does have a long-term relational impact.

The influence of economic crises on network behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Mandják ◽  
Ágnes Wimmer ◽  
François Durrieu
Keyword(s):  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Network Behavior ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Valuable Customer ◽  
Relational Outcomes

Purpose Following industrial network theory, this paper aims to address network behavior from a focal company’s perspective. Special attention is paid to examining the effect of perceptions of the economic crisis on network behavior. Design/methodology/approach The study is built on a quantitative analysis of an empirical database of 300 companies based on a survey completed in 2013 in Hungary. A focal company network behavior model was developed and applied to investigate the link between variables (valuable customer relationships, valuable supplier relationships, relationship strategy and relational outcomes) and the effect of managers’ perceptions about the intensity of the crisis. To obtain a deeper understanding of the effect of the crisis, structural modeling methodology was applied during data analysis. Findings How crises are perceived has a moderating influence on companies’ network behavior. In a context in which a crisis is strongly perceived, valuable customer relationships are considered more important than valuable supplier relationships; relationship strategy becomes more intensive; and performance is increasingly focused on operations and less on innovation. The main difference in network behavior is found with the management of the supply side. A different level of attention is paid to supplier relationships in a high crisis-perception context than when a crisis is perceived as being less critical. Research limitations/implications Results emphasize the importance of perceptions as a key factor in managerial attitudes, behavior and, ultimately, decision-making. This finding merits more attention from both researchers of business relationships and networks. Practical implications From a managerial point of view, the results emphasize the existence of potentially new opportunities in network management. The reinforcement of attention to the customer during a period of crisis implies the importance of the customer orientation, but also suggests that firms may have unexploited opportunities and more potential resources on the supplier side. Originality/value The paper combines an analysis of network behavior and perceptions of crisis, helping to explain managerial decisions and attitudes. Analysis was undertaken from a focal firms’ perspective and differences were investigated in attitudes concerning both supplier- and customer-side relations. How crises are perceived is a moderating variable of network behavior.

Spectrophotometric measurements of objective-prism spectra

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
Th. Schmidt-Kaler
Keyword(s):  
Progress Report ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Objective Prism ◽  
Made In

I should like to give you a very condensed progress report on some spectrophotometric measurements of objective-prism spectra made in collaboration with H. Leicher at Bonn. The procedure used is almost completely automatic. The measurements are made with the help of a semi-automatic fully digitized registering microphotometer constructed by Hög-Hamburg. The reductions are carried out with the aid of a number of interconnected programmes written for the computer IBM 7090, beginning with the output of the photometer in the form of punched cards and ending with the printing-out of the final two-dimensional classifications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document