Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments: EMDR Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ad de Jongh ◽  
Erik ten Broeke ◽  
Derek Farrell ◽  
Louise Maxfield
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Physical Stimulation ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Emdr Therapy

This chapter provides an overview of the current empirical support for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which has been included in international treatment guidelines as an evidence-based and recommended treatment for this condition. It first provides a brief description of EMDR therapy, which is a standardized, eight-phase, trauma-focused therapy, involving the use of “bilateral” physical stimulation (eye movements, taps or tones). The scientific support for its efficacy is reviewed, particularly in comparison with its most crucial trauma-focused comparator (i.e., trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy). Finally, the chapter discusses research into the mechanism of action of EMDR therapy.

Empirically Supported Psychological Treatments: EMDR

2012 ◽  
pp. 448-462
Author(s):  
C. Richard Spates ◽  
Sophie Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Theoretical Mechanism ◽  
Effectiveness Trials ◽  
Empirical Foundation

In this chapter we review the empirical foundation for Eye Movement Desensitization and Reproessing Therapy (EMDR) for posttraumatic stress disorder. We present a brief description of the therapy, critically review recent primary and meta-analytic investigations concerning its efficacy and effectiveness, offer a summary of recent primary investigations that addressed the mechanism of action for EMDR, and based on this overall review, we suggest limitations with recommendations for future research. Recent empirical investigations of the efficacy of EMDR have improved along a number of important dimensions, and these along with the few completed effectiveness trials, position this therapy among evidence-based frontline interventions for PTSD. What is less thoroughly researched, and thus less well understood, are putative models of its theoretical mechanism of action. In addition to continuing specific improvements in research concerning efficacy and effectiveness, we recommend more and higher quality empirical studies of its mechanism of action.

Individual Approaches to Prevention and Early Intervention

2012 ◽  
pp. 362-380
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Au ◽  
Caroline Silva ◽  
Eileen M. Delaney ◽  
Brett T. Litz
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Psychological Debriefing ◽  
Traumatic Exposure

This chapter provides an overview of individual and small group-based approaches for prevention and early intervention of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Using the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) classification system for preventive interventions of mental disorders (universal, selective, and indicated), we describe individual and small group early interventions and review the effectiveness of these strategies. Specifically, psychological debriefing, psychological first aid, and psychoeducation have been used as selective interventions targeting individuals exposed to trauma with varying degrees of success. However, there is strong empirical support for using cognitive behavioral therapy as an indicated preventive intervention to help symptomatic individuals in the weeks or months following traumatic exposure. A review of the literature also suggests that future research should explore different modes of delivery and devote more attention to determining the best time to intervene after traumatic exposure.

Cognitive–Behavioral Treatment of Depression in Men

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. Spendelow
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Recommended Treatment

Depression is a significant public health issue and many researchers have suggested that modifications to conventional cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) are required to address infrequent help-seeking in men and counter negative effects of traditional masculinity on therapeutic engagement. This narrative review summarizes recommended alterations to CBT in the areas of therapeutic setting, process, and content. Key themes from this literature include a focus on behavioural interventions, and harmful cognitions that orginate from the traditional male gender stereotype. This literature is marked by limited empirical support for many of the recommended treatment modifications, and several options for future research are outlined.

What Has EMDR Taught Us About the Psychological Characteristics of Tinnitus Patients?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
Tal Moore ◽  
John S. Phillips ◽  
Sally E. Erskine ◽  
Ian Nunney
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Emdr Therapy

Tinnitus is a common and distressing symptom affecting at least 10% of the population. It is poorly understood. There are many proposed therapies but a significant lack of well-controlled trials. This study is a secondary analysis from our recent study to determine the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy as a treatment for tinnitus. It was designed as a single-site prospective interventional clinical trial and took place at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Participants received a maximum of 10 sessions of EMDR. The EMDR used was a bespoke protocol: EMDR-for-tinnitus protocol (tEMDR). Outcome measures included evidence-based tinnitus and mood questionnaires recorded at baseline, discharge, and at 6 months post-discharge. The main outcome measure was the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, and scores demonstrated a statistically significant improvement. Secondary analyses conducted indicate statistically significant improvement for tinnitus patients with and without probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses. There was no significant decrease in depression and anxiety measures, however these were at the minimal range at the start. The purpose of this article is to describe the rationale behind the use of EMDR in tinnitus, the process of administrating a bespoke EMDR protocol, and the differences between tinnitus sufferers with differing experiences of trauma. To date our study is one of only two published studies investigating the use of EMDR for tinnitus; we therefore introduce an evolving and exciting application for EMDR therapy.

scholarly journals Empirically Supported Treatments and General Therapy Guidelines for Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Muehlenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Mental Health Counselors ◽  
Empirically Supported Treatments ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Behavioral Treatments

Mental health counselors are facing increased demand to treat both adolescents and adults who present with repetitive non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors, yet there are few empirically supported treatments or general treatment guidelines available. I will review the research on problem-solving and dialectical behavior therapy, two cognitive-behavioral treatments that have the most empirical support for reducing self-injurious behavior. I conclude by providing specific treatment recommendations drawn from the literature that can be of use to mental health counselors working with individuals who self-injure.

Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder

The Primer on Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders provides new practitioners and trainees, as well as experienced clinicians and researchers, with the needed translational and evidence-based information for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of PTSD and closely related disorders. The translational and evidence-based approach presented in the Primer is the state-of-the-art for clinicians and basic scientists, linking empirically supported practices with their theoretical, neurobiological, and epidemiological bases. The international experts in the field bring outstanding depth and breadth to the topic.Trauma affects millions of children, adolescents and adults, with manifestations including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), acute stress disorder, traumatic grief or persistent complex bereavement disorder, adjustment disorder, and reactive attachment and disinhibited social engagement disorders. Trauma- and stressor-related disorders are the only diagnoses requiring a traumatic or stressful event. They affect millions of people worldwide due to abuse, accidents, disasters, refugee status, genocide, and war. Genetic, neurobiological, diagnostic, and treatment research explores the causative linkages to developmental trauma, and other mental and physical conditions. These disabling disorders predict high risk of depression, medical-surgical problems, substance abuse, suicidal behavior, anxiety and dissociative disorders.To address these common and often comorbid conditions, Drs. Frederick J. Stoddard Jr., David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano present an up-to-date expertly edited volume to provide mental health students, trainees, and professionals with critical information, plus updates on the new advances in the field and illustrative cases.

Individual Approaches to Prevention and Early Intervention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin L. McLean ◽  
Mackenzie H. Cummings ◽  
Brett T. Litz
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Psychological Debriefing ◽  
Traumatic Exposure

This chapter provides an overview of individual and small group–based approaches for prevention and early intervention of posttraumatic stress disorder. Using the Institute of Medicine’s classification system for preventive interventions of mental disorders (universal, selective, and indicated), the chapter describes individual and small group early interventions and reviews the effectiveness of these strategies. Specifically, psychological debriefing, psychological first aid, and psychoeducation have been used with varying degrees of success as selective interventions targeting individuals exposed to trauma. However, there is strong empirical support for using cognitive behavioral therapy as an indicated preventive intervention to help symptomatic individuals in the weeks or months following traumatic exposure. A review of the literature also suggests that future research should explore different modes of delivery and devote more attention to determining the best time to intervene after traumatic exposure.

Promising Psychological Treatments

2012 ◽  
pp. 462-472
Author(s):  
Megan C. Kearns ◽  
Barbara Olasov Rothbaum
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Family Based ◽  
The Many ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Important Progress

Exposure to traumatic events is highly prevalent, which has led to the creation of multiple psychosocial and pharmacological treatment approaches for individuals who subsequently develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite the availability of existing empirically supported treatments for PTSD, research indicates that a significant subset of patients fail to respond to treatment. As a result, there is a great need for the development of novel and innovative treatments that can address the diverse needs of individuals with trauma histories and that can alleviate symptoms of traumatic stress in a greater number of individuals. The following chapter outlines numerous promising treatments, including couple and family-based approaches, technological approaches, emotion-based therapies, pharmacological treatments, and treatments designed to address comorbidity. Although many of these approaches are in preliminary stages of development and require further study, they represent important progress in helping clinicians better serve the many needs of individuals with PTSD.

scholarly journals All Might Have Won, But Not all have the Prize: Optimal Treatment for Substance abuse among Adolescents with Conduct Problems

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. SART.S10389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayson Spas ◽  
Susan Ramsey ◽  
Andrea L. Paiva ◽  
L.A.R. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Optimal Treatment ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Abuse Treatment

Considerable evidence from the literature on treatment outcomes indicates that substance abuse treatment among adolescents with conduct problems varies widely. Treatments commonly used among this population are cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), 12-step facilitation, multisystemic therapy (MST), psychoeducation (PE), and motivational interviewing (MI). This manuscript thoroughly and systematically reviews the available literature to determine which treatment is optimal for substance-abusing adolescents with conduct problems. Results suggest that although there are several evidence-based and empirically supported treatments, those that incorporate family-based intervention consistently provide the most positive treatment outcomes. In particular, this review further reveals that although many interventions have gained empirical support over the years, only one holds the prize as being the optimal treatment of choice for substance abuse treatment among adolescents with conduct problems.

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