Egyptian Conquest and Administration of Nubia

2021 ◽  
pp. 326-341
Author(s):  
Dominique Valbelle
Keyword(s):  
New Kingdom ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Sacred Image

After the Second Intermediate Period (1730–1552 bce), the reconquest of Lower Nubia and the conquest of Upper Nubia by the Egyptian army happened in several phases during the New Kingdom, the powerful realm of Kush being supported by large African coalitions. Since the reign of Thutmose III (1458–1426 bce), the country being at last pacified, an administrative disposal was improved to exploit the resources of Nubia, whose knowledge increased until the death of Sety I. Rameses II (1279–1214 bce) was mostly interested in Lower Egypt where he built several temples devoted to the cult of his own sacred image but apparently less in Upper Nubia. After his reign, the interest of Egypt for the Nubian territories decreased along with its political and economic supremacy.

The Second Intermediate Period and early New Kingdom at Deir al-Barsha

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (XV) ◽  
pp. 101-130
Author(s):  
J. Bourriau ◽  
M. De Meyer ◽  
L. Op de Beeck ◽  
St. Vereecken
Keyword(s):  
New Kingdom ◽  
Intermediate Period

A Family of Lector-Priests at Edfu: Oriental Institute Stela E11455 and the 'Ib Family during the Early Eighteenth Dynasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Bandy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Eighteenth Dynasty ◽  
Scribal Culture ◽  
Oriental Institute ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

This article presents the study of two stelae from Edfu dating to the early Eighteenth Dynasty that represent members of the same extended family of lector-priests from Edfu (Oriental Institute E11455 and Princeton Y1993-151). The texts of both stelae were published in the early twentieth century; however, neither stela has been comprehensively published. The two stelae present the opportunity to revisit the family’s genealogy and chronological position. The study also considers dating criteria for late Second Intermediate period and early Eighteenth Dynasty stelae and assesses the contemporary positioning and role of lector-priests. Finally, it briefly addresses the influence of documentary scribal culture on monumental inscriptions vis-a?-vis the late Second Intermediate period–early New Kingdom Tell Edfu Ostraca.

Nubians in Egypt from the Early Dynastic Period to the New Kingdom

2021 ◽  
pp. 288-308
Author(s):  
Georg K. Meurer
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Early Dynastic

Nubians lived in Egypt from Predynastic times and through all periods. In the Aswan region, they were part of the indigenous population from Old to Middle Kingdom (A-Group, C-Group). From late Middle Kingdom through Second Intermediate Period, representatives of the Pan-Grave culture, presumably to be identified with the Medjay, and later the Kerma culture was present in Upper Egypt (Theban area) progressively up to the Delta at Tell el-Dab’a until the 18th Dynasty. Despite the official Egyptian dogma that regarded foreigners as elements of chaos, the reality shows that Nubians were integrated in the Egyptian society when accepting the Egyptian way of life. This is also visible in the wider range of occupations performed by native Nubians. While from time to time foreign groups also left the Egyptian Nile Valley, this Egyptianization or cultural entanglement resulted in a disappearing of foreigners in the sources.

The Theban Kingdom of Dynasty 16: Its Rise, Administration and Politics

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ilin-Tomich
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The North

This paper focuses on the emergence of the Theban kingdom of Dynasty 16 in the Second Intermediate Period and explores the historical repercussions of its assumed struggle with the declining state of Dynasty 13 centered at Itjtawy. A revision of the recent evidence from Edfu raises doubts about the alleged contemporaneity of Sobekhotep iv and Khayan. A survey of administrative titles in the sources pertaining to the Theban kingdom testifies that it arose independently based on the local power structures of the Late Middle Kingdom rather than because of a relocation from the north. The separation of the nascent Theban kingdom from the state of Dynasty 13 and a surmised consequent confrontation between these entities had an impact on the ideology of the new polity and influenced the policy of its direct successor—the state of Dynasty 17 and the early New Kingdom. The original lack of legitimacy of Dynasty 16 could have been one of the reasons for overstating the power of the Hyksos in historical texts—in order to justify Theban claims to rule in Middle and Lower Egypt.

Tomb Robberies at the End of the New Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Gasperini
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Egyptian History

At the end of the 19th century W.M.F. Petrie excavated a series of assemblages at the New Kingdom Fayum site of Gurob. These deposits, known in the Egyptological literature as 'Burnt Groups', were composed by several and varied materials (mainly Egyptian and imported pottery, faience, stone and wood vessels, jewellery), all deliberately burnt and buried in the harem palace area of the settlement. Since their discovery these deposits have been considered peculiar and unparalleled. Many scholars were challenged by them and different theories were formulated to explain these enigmatic 'Burnt Groups'. The materials excavated from these assemblages are now curated at several Museum collections across England: Ashmolean Museum, British Museum, Manchester Museum, and Petrie Museum. For the first time since their discovery, this book presents these materials all together. Gasperini has studied and visually analysed all the items. This research sheds new light on the chronology of deposition of these assemblages, additionally a new interpretation of their nature, primary deposition, and function is presented in the conclusive chapter. The current study also gives new information on the abandonment of the Gurob settlement and adds new social perspective on a crucial phase of the ancient Egyptian history: the transition between the late New Kingdom and the early Third Intermediate Period. Beside the traditional archaeological sources, literary evidence ('The Great Tomb Robberies Papyri') is taken into account to formulate a new theory on the deposition of these assemblages.

The Tomb-Chambers of Iurudef: Preliminary Report on the Saqqâra Excavations, 1985

1986 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Geoffrey T. Martin ◽  
Maarten J. Raven ◽  
David A. Aston
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Skeletal Material ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Third Intermediate Period

The tomb chambers of Iurudef are on two levels, both used for burials of the owner and, doubtless, members of his family. Much skeletal material was found, together with an extensive group of funerary furnishings. Associated with the New Kingdom ceramic material were two fragments of Mycenaean stirrup jars, one dated to LH IIIA, 2-B. The chambers in the upper level were, after firing, reused for multiple burials provisionally dated to the Third Intermediate Period. Evidence of some seventy-five burials, including many children, was found and a large deposit of coffins, decorated and undecorated, was recovered, as well as papyrus coffers and reed mat burials. A few of the coffins are inscribed, mostly in pseudo-hieroglyphs and only one with a personal name. Burial gifts found in the coffins included necklaces, amulets, wooden staves, and a curious wooden sceptre. Preliminary examination of the mummies and skeletal material has yielded evidence of various diseases.

The Fate of Sennefer and Senetnay at Karnak Temple and in the Valley of the Kings

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
M. Eaton-Krauss
Keyword(s):  
New Kingdom ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Intermediate Period

The ‘artists' signatures' on the statue of Sennefer and Senetnay are revealed to be additions dating to the Third Intermediate Period. A review of the circumstances of the statue's excavation at Karnak leads to reconsideration of the so-called ‘chapel of Hatshepsut’. Budge's account of the chapel's discovery is shown to be credible after all, with North Karnak proposed as its location. Finally, the arguments for the attribution of a tomb in the Valley of the Kings (KV 42) to Sennefer and his wife are analyzed, and the implications for the Valley's history in the aftermath of the New Kingdom explored.

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