Tomb Robberies at the End of the New Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Gasperini
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
And Function ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Egyptian History

At the end of the 19th century W.M.F. Petrie excavated a series of assemblages at the New Kingdom Fayum site of Gurob. These deposits, known in the Egyptological literature as 'Burnt Groups', were composed by several and varied materials (mainly Egyptian and imported pottery, faience, stone and wood vessels, jewellery), all deliberately burnt and buried in the harem palace area of the settlement. Since their discovery these deposits have been considered peculiar and unparalleled. Many scholars were challenged by them and different theories were formulated to explain these enigmatic 'Burnt Groups'. The materials excavated from these assemblages are now curated at several Museum collections across England: Ashmolean Museum, British Museum, Manchester Museum, and Petrie Museum. For the first time since their discovery, this book presents these materials all together. Gasperini has studied and visually analysed all the items. This research sheds new light on the chronology of deposition of these assemblages, additionally a new interpretation of their nature, primary deposition, and function is presented in the conclusive chapter. The current study also gives new information on the abandonment of the Gurob settlement and adds new social perspective on a crucial phase of the ancient Egyptian history: the transition between the late New Kingdom and the early Third Intermediate Period. Beside the traditional archaeological sources, literary evidence ('The Great Tomb Robberies Papyri') is taken into account to formulate a new theory on the deposition of these assemblages.

The Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 618-637
Author(s):  
Nigel Strudwick
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Intermediate Period ◽  
First Time ◽  
Egyptian History

The Old Kingdom is usually characterized as the first great epoch of Egyptian history, when the phenomenal cultural, iconographical and political developments of the late Predynastic Period and the Early Dynastic Period coalesced to give an eminently visible culture that says ‘ancient Egypt’ to the modern audience. This development may best be symbolized by the pyramid, the most persistent image of the era. For its part, the First Intermediate Period is the first clear manifestation in Egyptian history of the periods of disunity and systemic weakness that have affected every long-lasting ancient and modern culture in one form or the other. The time-period covered in this section illustrates for the first time both the highs and lows of ancient Egypt. The Old Kingdom is usually defined as consisting of the Third to Eighth Dynasties of Manetho (c.2686–2125 bc), and the First Intermediate Period of the Ninth and Tenth and roughly two-thirds of the Eleventh Dynasty (c.2160–2016 bc).

scholarly journals Foliar colleters in Macrocarpaea obtusifolia (Gentianaceae): anatomy, ontogeny, and secretion

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdnéa Casagrande Dalvi ◽  
Lucas Siqueira Cardinelli ◽  
Renata Maria Strozi Alves Meira ◽  
Aristéa Alves Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
New Information ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time

Colleters are secretory structures located in reproductive and (or) vegetative organs of many eudicots. In Gentianaceae Juss., the presence of foliar colleters has been neglected, and anatomical and histochemical studies are scarce. The objectives of this study were to investigate the anatomy, ontogeny, and chemical nature of the secretion found in Macrocarpaea obtusifolia (Griseb.) Gilg colleters to establish a relationship between their structure and function and check whether these structures are similar to those described for other genera of the Gentianaceae and other families of the Gentianales. Samples of leaves at different developmental stages were collected and processed for anatomical and histochemical analysis using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Colleters in M. obtusifolia have a protodermal origin, are of standard type, and are not vascularized. Young colleters are translucent and produce an abundant amount of sticky secretion. Later, they turn yellowish with a blackened region at the apex of the head, and the secretion, composed of polysaccharides and proteins, becomes less abundant and brownish. During senescence, the process begins with complete degradation and cell collapse of the secretory portion. The colleters of the standard type in M. obtusifolia have been observed for the first time in the Gentianaceae and represent additional evidence that reinforces how common this type of colleter is in the Gentianales. Such results provide new information on the anatomy, ontogeny, histochemistry, and colleter types of Gentianaceae.

scholarly journals Picasso, Alta y Baja Cultura a Final de Siglo

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Inocente Soto Calzado
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
New Media ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Look ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

The look of the popular culture to art has always had for the creator the contrariety of the mockery and the reward of the diffusion, to make itself known in the new media of masses multiplying its public, halfway between the admiration and the ridiculous. Painters and sculptors checked it for the first time at the end of the 19th century, between official and specialized criticism and the most popular and apparently less objective of comediansand their humorous interpretations. One of these artists was the young Pablo Ruiz Picasso, with some unknown graphic criticism that give new information on the complexity of his first Spanish artistic stage and theimportance of illustrated magazines in the visual culture of his beginnings and in his professional world. The data collected in the hemerography of the time make up a narrative different from the one officially admitted 

scholarly journals Study of Oil in the North of Russia by the Geological Committee at the End of the 19th Century – the Beginning of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (4) ◽  
pp. 042082
Author(s):  
T P Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

Abstract The article draws attention to the study of the historical experience of Russian science in the development of the Arctic and northern territories of Russia. Based on a wide range of archival and published sources, the role of the Geological Committee in the scientific study of the Ukhta oil-bearing region is analyzed. The chronological framework of the study covers the period of the organization’s activity from 1882 to 1929. The field studies carried out by the Geological Committee which started during this period in the Ukhta region are considered in detail. As a result of this activity, this territory was comprehensively studied for the first time, including a detailed geological survey, the search for oil deposits, and an assessment of its industrial potential. It has been determined that as a result of the surveys of the Geological Committee, new information about the features of the geological and orographic structure of the region was obtained and the oil-bearing potential was proved. It has been concluded that the research of the scientists of the committee laid a fundamental basis for the study of the Ukhta oil-bearing region and predetermined its further development history and great significance for the state.

scholarly journals The Ramses III's inscription and the Trojan War: towards the historiography of the discussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-661
Author(s):  
A. V. Safronov
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Epic Tradition ◽  
Trojan War ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Greek Epic ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
First Time

The article discusses the translation and interpretation of lines 51-52 from the Medinet Abu inscription, which dates to the 5th year of the reign of Pharaoh Ramses III. For the first time, this inscription drew the attention of the Soviet classicist Vadim Tsymbursky (1957-2009). In 1994 he suggested that lines 51-52 comprise a mention of the Trojan War. However, Tsymbursky did not read Ancient Egyptian and therefore he was not in a position to bring forward a sufficient argument to confirm his suggestion. Russian scholars in the recent years have produced a series of expert studies regarding the topic in question, which, however, have neither confirmed nor rejected the Tsymbursky hypothesis. In 2006, and subsequently in 2019, the author of the present article examined de visu the inscription in question and offered a new interpretation: “(51) Northern foreign lands trembled in their bodies, namely: peleset, teker [and tursha], (52) whose own land was ravaged. Their souls approached their end”. The author puts the Egyptian message into a clear historical context and justifies the possibility to compare the contents of these lines with the Greek epic tradition of the Trojan War.

The Egyptian collection of Museu Nacional,Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the conservation of mummies in a tropical environment

1970 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Brancaglion Jr ◽  
Tania Andrade Lima ◽  
Sheila M.F. Mendonça de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
General Description ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Special Analysis ◽  
Pedro I ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Egyptian History

A beautiful and representative Egyptian collection -the most ancient and perhaps the most important in South America- is at the Museu Nacional, in Rio de Janeiro. Most of this collection was brought in the 19th century to the Royal Museum by the first Brazilian emperor, D. Pedro I. Many of the objects represent different periods of ancient Egyptian history, including mummified bodies of humans and animals. It is likely that most of these materials are from Thebes as confirmed by recent studies. Some of the mummies are rare (for instance Roman woman #158, and one sarcophagus that is still closed). A research program with special analysis, non invasive investigations using X-rays and CT scanning, and other studies are being made. Correct age and sex of the embalmed bodies, signs of disease, and details of mummification techniques will be presented here, along with a general description of the collection and its present museum exhibition.

Tell el-Retaba 2012: the pottery

2016 ◽  
Vol XXIV (1) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Anna Wodzińska
Keyword(s):  
New Kingdom ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Eighteenth Dynasty ◽  
Area 7 ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
First Time ◽  
Third Intermediate Period

Archaeological remains excavated by the Polish–Slovak Archaeological Mission in Tell el-Retaba can be well dated to the New Kingdom till the Late Period. During the 2012 season domestic layers from the Hyksos period were found, indicating that the site was occupied for the first time around the end of the Thirteenth and beginning of the Fifteenth Dynasties. Next to the houses three Hyksos graves were found. Archaeological work also revealed houses from the early Eighteenth Dynasty located just above the Hyksos structures in Area 7. Very interesting material came from the late Twentieth Dynasty and Third Intermediate Period houses excavated in Area 9. Rich pottery assemblages mostly of domestic character have been recovered from all of the structures.

Tell el-Retaba, season 2012/ Appendix: Tell el-Retaba 2012. Preliminary report on archaeobotanical investigations

2016 ◽  
Vol XXIV (1) ◽  
pp. 139-163
Author(s):  
Sławomir Rzepka ◽  
Jozef Hudec ◽  
Łukasz Jarmużek ◽  
Lucia Hulková ◽  
Veronika Dubcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Third Intermediate Period ◽  
Clear Change

The sixth season of fieldwork of the Tell el-Retaba Archaeological Mission has brought a number of significant results. For the first time remains of a Hyksos settlement (beside the previously known cemetery) were uncovered. Exploration of a large, regularly planned building, divided into a number of standardized flats, brought new evidence for the reconstruction of the function and organization of a strongly fortified town, which existed on the site during the Twentieth Dynasty. Remains of a Third Intermediate Period settlement showed that after the New Kingdom there was a clear change in the settlement pattern in Tell el-Retaba.

National administration

2020 ◽  
pp. 761-777
Author(s):  
Wolfram Grajetzki
Keyword(s):  
Main Concern ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Administrative Structure ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
Appointed Officials ◽  
Egyptian History

This chapter explores the notion of a ‘national administration’ in Egypt, from the Early Dynastic Period to the Late Period, by discussing a range of textual sources and other written forms known in tombs and temples. These studies suggest that from the beginning of writing in Egypt around 3000 bc, some form of administrative structure is visible. The supply of food and other resources for the royal palace seems to have been the main concern of the administration in most periods of ancient Egyptian history. In the Fourth Dynasty the vizier became the head of the administration. He controlled legal matters, the scribal offices and was, in the Old Kingdom, also often in charge of the pyramid building. In the New Kingdom the office was divided into two, one vizier had an office in Memphis and other one in Thebes. Other important offices at the royal court were officials in charge of the treasury, those with the granaries and officials in charge of royal domains. The Old Kingdom administration seems to be a rather loose system where the king appointed officials when needed. The Middle and New Kingdom administration shows more fixed structures.

scholarly journals NEW CHRONOMETRIC INSIGHTS INTO ANCIENT EGYPTIAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS HELD AT THE MUSÉE DU LOUVRE AND THE MUSÉE DES BEAUX-ARTS DE LYON

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
A Quiles ◽  
S Emerit ◽  
V Asensi-Amorós ◽  
L Beck ◽  
I Caffy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Flora Of Egypt ◽  
The 19Th Century

ABSTRACT Very little is known about the manufacturing and use of ancient Egyptian instruments, and their discovery is very rare. An extensive radiocarbon (14C) dating program has been conducted on 25 ancient Egyptian musical instruments currently held at the Louvre Museum (musée du Louvre) and the Lyon Museum of Fine Arts (musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon). This study includes cordophones (harps, lyres, lutes), membranophones (drums, tambourines), idiophones (clappers, crotales), as well as wind instruments (oboe) that have entered the museum collections during the 19th century or the first half of the 20th century; consequently, the original archaeological contexts of their discoveries are poorly understood. Approximately 50 14C dates enable drawing a general overview of the instruments manufacturing. A wide variety of wood material has been identified, representing both indigenous species and imported species. Results indicate that the native flora of Egypt was exclusively used until the Third Intermediate Period when the first imports could be identified. 14C results are not always consistent with relative dates previously thought, mainly based on stylistic criteria. They demonstrate these collections hold very well-preserved objects extending over 2500 years, from the Second Intermediate Period (ca. 1700 BCE) to the start of the Islamic Period (8th century CE). This project provides important results for the knowledge of ancient Egyptian musical instrument crafts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document