The Epigraphy of Egyptian Monuments in the Description de l’Égypte

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-214
Author(s):  
Éric Gady
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Modern Sense

The Description de l’Égypte, published between 1809 and 1828, made available to Europeans a huge amount of genuine Egyptian art and texts. Although the French expedition to Egypt might not be called an “epigraphic survey” in the current and modern sense of that term, the work that was accomplished was an important step in providing Europe with Egyptian inscriptions and iconographic material. The quantity of texts and scenes published and the precision with which they were recorded make this work much more important than collections of Egyptian scenes that were published up to that point. Despite not knowing the language represented by hieroglyphs, the scientists’ adherence to a strict methodology prefigured the first great Egyptological expeditions of the mid-nineteenth century.

Natives, Religion, and Race in Colonial America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linford D. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Colonial America ◽  
The Other ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Religion And Race ◽  
Racial Lines ◽  
Modern Sense ◽  
Over Time

Although racial lines eventually hardened on both sides, in the opening decades of colonization European and native ideas about differences between themselves and the other were fluid and dynamic, changing on the ground in response to local developments and experiences. Over time, perceived differences were understood to be rooted in more than just environment and culture. In the eighteenth century, bodily differences became the basis for a wider range of deeper, more innate distinctions that, by the nineteenth century, hardened into what we might now understand to be racialized differences in the modern sense. Despite several centuries of dispossession, disease, warfare, and enslavement at the hands of Europeans, native peoples in the Americans almost universally believed the opposite to be true. The more indigenous Americans were exposed to Europeans, the more they believed in the vitality and superiority of their own cultures.

scholarly journals Tourism Industry of Kashmir (1947-1989)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Mushtaq Ahmad Itoo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Subsequent Change ◽  
Popular Government ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Modern Sense

Tourism is one of the vital sectors of Kashmir economy. Though this industry emerged in modern sense during nineteenth century but it flourished after 1947 with the establishment of popular government and subsequent change in the nature of state. Also the various plans were framed and implemented for the promotion of this industry. The present paper highlights the historical development of tourism industry and the causes responsible for its vicissitudes during the period under reference. Data has been collected from the department of tourism, Jammu & Kashmir Govt. The statistical data of the tourism industry reveals that the tourism industry in Kashmir saw a great progress and reached to its full boom in the eighties of the twentieth century, though the industry saw many ups and downs during this period.

The Iconization and Mythologization of Byron’s Life and Work in Nineteenth-Century Netherlands and Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Oosterholt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Lord Byron ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Cultural Model ◽  
Romantic Hero ◽  
Byronic Hero ◽  
Modern Sense

Lord Byron is one of the most striking nineteenth-century examples of an icon in the modern sense of the word. Far into the nineteenth century Byron and the main characters from his poems remained models for the rebellious ‘romantic’ hero: a modern version of Milton’s fallen angel. Much has been written about Byron’s work, life and reputation. This enduring interest makes ‘Byron’ ideally suited for a demonstration of research into the historical development of an iconic person as a cultural model. The chapter analyses the Dutch reception of Byron and shows its entanglement with the discussion about the ‘un-Dutch’ character of Romanticism. Paradoxically, there was also an appropriation of Byron, resulting in a Christian ‘light’ version of the ‘Byronic hero’.

International Protection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Kur ◽  
Martin Senftleben
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Trade Mark ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Similar Sign ◽  
Copyright Laws ◽  
Patent Laws ◽  
General Scale ◽  
Modern Sense

Intellectual property is often said to be an invention of the nineteenth century. It is true that the importance of incentivizing innovation and encouraging investment in creative activities was recognized on a general scale only in the wake of industrialization, leading to the enactment in many countries of patent laws, modern-style copyright laws, or industrial design laws. Before that, protection for those achievements had only been granted in the form of privileges, serving the interests of particular trades or professions, and ultimately those of the sovereign. The period of industrialization also saw the emergence of the first trade mark laws in the modern sense that entitled the proprietors of such marks to enjoin others from using the same marks or a similar sign for their own products.

Drowning in Swan Lakes

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Anna Pakes
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Swan Lake ◽  
Insufficient Attention ◽  
Modern Sense ◽  
Work Type ◽  
Dance Identity

The chapter continues the discussion of dance identity, examining the problem posed by a specific case, the ballet Swan Lake. This ballet is often invoked in the existing philosophical literature on identity but arguably with insufficient attention paid to its historical genesis and development. The chapter argues that nineteenth-century ballet ‘classics’ are not central or paradigm cases of choreographic works in the modern sense. It also makes the case that the variously authored, individual productions titled Swan Lake are works in their own right rather than tokens of some overarching work-type. If there is an overarching Swan Lake type, then this is a very “thin” entity on which it is problematic to model an account of the identity conditions of later works, since that misrepresents their identity constraints. The discussion illustrates how identity issues—and work ontology more generally—are intertwined with historically contingent conceptualisations and practices.

Trade Unionism in Colonial Africa

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Salaried Workers ◽  
Modern Sense

Along with modern technology and modern forms of commerce, Europe has exported wage labour, trade unions, and collective bargaining to Africa. Before the coming of Europeans, various forms of indentured, communal, and customary labour existed, but there was no class of wage and salaried workers in the modern sense. During the nineteenth century, a wage labour class emerged, to one degree or another, in every part of Africa. As in other industrialising areas, this soon led to an organised labour movement.

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