scholarly journals Tourism Industry of Kashmir (1947-1989)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Mushtaq Ahmad Itoo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Subsequent Change ◽  
Popular Government ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Modern Sense

Tourism is one of the vital sectors of Kashmir economy. Though this industry emerged in modern sense during nineteenth century but it flourished after 1947 with the establishment of popular government and subsequent change in the nature of state. Also the various plans were framed and implemented for the promotion of this industry. The present paper highlights the historical development of tourism industry and the causes responsible for its vicissitudes during the period under reference. Data has been collected from the department of tourism, Jammu & Kashmir Govt. The statistical data of the tourism industry reveals that the tourism industry in Kashmir saw a great progress and reached to its full boom in the eighties of the twentieth century, though the industry saw many ups and downs during this period.

10 Evolution and Gestalt of the Italian State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattarella Bernardo Giorgio
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
First Century ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
The Republic

This chapter presents an analysis of Italy's administrative history. It looks at the historical development of Italian public administration and administrative law in Italy beginning from the nineteenth century. The chapter then proceeds to the first half of the twentieth century, focusing primarily on the policies of Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti, which saw a marked rise in changes and developments within administrative law. Also of note during this period was the role of administrative law during the era of fascism in Italy. The latter half of the twentieth century would mark a departure from this period, focusing mainly on liberal administrative law and the Republic. Finally, the chapter turns to the features of administrative law in the twenty-first century, before closing with some concluding remarks on the features peculiar to Italian administrative law.

PER UN ARCHIVIO DELLA CORRISPONDENZA DEGLI SCIENZIATI ITALIANI

Nuncius ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 681-719
Author(s):  
LUCIANO CARBONE ◽  
FRANCO PALLADINO ◽  
ROMANO GATTO
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Mathematical Research ◽  
Conic Sections ◽  
Kingdom Of Naples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mathematical Sciences ◽  
The University

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title Federico Amodeo (1859-1946) was a mathematician and a historian of the mathematical sciences. As a mathematician he was "libero docente" at the University of Naples. His interests extended from projective to algebric geometry and his mathematical research was carried out for the most part from the mid-1880s until the end of the nineteenth century. As a historian he was active from the first years of the twentieth century until his death. In this capacity he was interested in mathematics, mathematicians and institutions in the Kingdom of Naples (later the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, from 1815), and also in the historical development of analytical and projective geometry and the history of conic sections. He held the chair in History of Mathematics in the University of Naples from 1905 until 1910, the year in which the chair was suppressed. Nonetheless he continued to teach this subject as a "libero docente" until 1923. Here we present the list of more than 1.300 writings, constituting his Correspondence, amongst which the letters of Castelnuovo, Pascal, Peano, Segre and Achille Sannia are of particular significance. We also present the complete list of his publications, reconstructed thanks to the consultation of incomplete printed bibliographies and a manuscript list.

The Iconization and Mythologization of Byron’s Life and Work in Nineteenth-Century Netherlands and Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Oosterholt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Lord Byron ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Cultural Model ◽  
Romantic Hero ◽  
Byronic Hero ◽  
Modern Sense

Lord Byron is one of the most striking nineteenth-century examples of an icon in the modern sense of the word. Far into the nineteenth century Byron and the main characters from his poems remained models for the rebellious ‘romantic’ hero: a modern version of Milton’s fallen angel. Much has been written about Byron’s work, life and reputation. This enduring interest makes ‘Byron’ ideally suited for a demonstration of research into the historical development of an iconic person as a cultural model. The chapter analyses the Dutch reception of Byron and shows its entanglement with the discussion about the ‘un-Dutch’ character of Romanticism. Paradoxically, there was also an appropriation of Byron, resulting in a Christian ‘light’ version of the ‘Byronic hero’.

Jurisprudence, historical

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stein
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Will

Historical jurisprudence is the title usually given to a group of theories, which flourished mainly in the nineteenth century, that explain law as the product of predetermined patterns of change based on social and economic change. It is thus opposed both to theories that see law as essentially an expression of the will of those holding political power (positivist theories) and to those that see it as an expression of principles that are part of man’s nature and so applicable in any kind of society (natural law theories). The writers of the Scottish Enlightenment first connected the historical development of law with economic changes. In the nineteenth century, Savigny and Maine postulated grand evolutionary schemes, which purported to be applicable universally. They were, however, based on the development of ancient Roman law and could only with difficulty be applied to other systems. These schemes are now discredited, but in the twentieth century more modest studies have successfully related particular kinds of law to particular sets of social circumstances.

A Raid on the Inarticulate

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
Jeanne Gaakeer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Law ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Chapter 2 offers an overview of the historical development of the language of law from Euripides to Herder and into the twentieth century, not out of nostalgia to the halcyon days of the unity of law and the humanities, but to show jurists what brought them where they are now. It also provides an overview of the development of the process of differentiation of law, i.e. from the unity brought about by the rediscovery of the Corpus Iuris Civilis in the eleventh century to the diversity occasioned by the rise of national legal systems culminating in the nineteenth century, and from law as an autonomous discipline to the interdisciplinarity of the “Law and…” movements from the late twentieth century onwards.

OBEAH, VAGRANCY, AND THE BOUNDARIES OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM: ANALYZING THE PROSCRIPTION OF “PRETENDING TO POSSESS SUPERNATURAL POWERS” IN THE ANGLOPHONE CARIBBEAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle N. Boaz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
First Century ◽  
Western World ◽  
Anglophone Caribbean ◽  
Financial Gain

AbstractThe practice of obeah, a term used to refer to a variety of African derived spiritual practices, remains proscribed in at least fourteen countries or territories in the Anglophone Caribbean today. This article examines the historical development of these laws and the significance of the continued prohibition of obeah. Although obeah laws were initially modeled on British statutes banning vagrancy and witchcraft, and were passed during a period when it was common for nations in the Western Hemisphere to prohibit the practice of African diaspora faiths, these statutes stand in stark contrast to the religious freedoms guaranteed in other parts of the Atlantic world in the twenty-first century. Obeah laws proscribe the mere performance of certain spiritual rituals, while other countries modified their policies in the mid-twentieth century to require evidence of intentional fraud and financial gain to convict occult practitioners. This article links the continued proscription of obeah to nineteenth century assertions that African peoples were animists and fetishists, as well as to long-standing hierarchies in the Western world placing theistic religions above those centered on spirit conjuring, divination, and the manipulation of supernatural forces.

scholarly journals (g) The Arabic Lexicographer Ibn Sīdah and the Notion of Semantic Field

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 415-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Grande
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

Etymological investigation may resort to the semantic field in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the cultural aspects that underlie the origin and historical development of a given word. Modern scholars tend to regard the semantic field as a notion developed in Western linguistic thought around the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth century. However, Arabists tend to assume that this notion was already known in the Arabic lexicographical tradition. The present paper empirically grounds this idea in three conceptual steps. First, it clarifies the modern Western notion of semantic field by investigating the theoretical contexts in which such a notion evolved, morphing into different manifestations. Second, it focuses on the dictionaries al-Muḥkam and al-Mukhaṣṣaṣ authored by the Andalusian lexicographer Ibn Sīdah (d. 458/1066) and offers a close reading of some of the passages in which Ibn Sīdah reflects on the notion of bāb. Finally, it draws a narrow parallel between bāb and a mid-nineteenth-century manifestation of the Western notion of semantic field.Key words: bāb, Ibn Sīdah, lexicography, semantic field

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Pourciau
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Literature And Philosophy ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Radical Transformation

The Writing of Spirit revises a crucial aspect about the rise of the “natural sciences” by reinterpreting the historical development of modern system theories within the paradigmatic realm of natural language. Pourciau argues that the process through which twentieth-century linguists first successfully purged their systems of soul has long been misunderstood precisely because it has never before been conceived primarily as a process, and thus also as an ongoing confrontation with its own nineteenth-century preconditions. Much exciting work has been done in recent years, and is currently being done today, on the relevance of a new “organicist” understanding of system for the radical transformation of German thought around 1800, in domains such as life science, literature, and philosophy. Less attention has been paid, in this context, to the domain of language science, despite its exemplary status for the time period in question, and still less to the relationship between the spirit of early nineteenth-century systems and their spiritless twentieth-century successors.

scholarly journals Towards Equalisation of the Impact of the Penal Fine: Why the Wealth of the Offender Was Taken into Account

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Faraldo-Cabana
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Impact

Important changes in the legal regulation of the fine culminated in the implementation of the day-fine system in many European countries during the twentieth century. These changes resulted from various late nineteenth century rationalities that considered the fine a justifiable punishment. Therefore, they supported extending its application by making it affordable for people on low incomes, which meant imprisonment for fine default could mostly be avoided without undermining the end of punishment. In this paper I investigate the historical development of the penal fine as well as the changing forms of this penalty in Western European criminal systems from the end of the eighteenth century until the late nineteenth century.

Songs of the spirit from Dufftown

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-54
Author(s):  
Shelagh Noden
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Church Music ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Liturgical Music

Following the Scottish Catholic Relief Act of 1793, Scottish Catholics were at last free to break the silence imposed by the harsh penal laws, and attempt to reintroduce singing into their worship. At first opposed by Bishop George Hay, the enthusiasm for liturgical music took hold in the early years of the nineteenth century, but the fledgling choirs were hampered both by a lack of any tradition upon which to draw, and by the absence of suitable resources. To the rescue came the priest-musician, George Gordon, a graduate of the Royal Scots College in Valladolid. After his ordination and return to Scotland he worked tirelessly in forming choirs, training organists and advising on all aspects of church music. His crowning achievement was the production, at his own expense, of a two-volume collection of church music for the use of small choirs, which remained in use well into the twentieth century.

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