Feminist Bioethics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Leach Scully
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Relational Autonomy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Feminist Work ◽  
Feminist Bioethics

This chapter offers an account of the central issues and themes in feminist philosophical engagements with bioethics. After outlining the history and goals of feminist bioethics, I discuss how feminist ontology and epistemology have generated the distinguishing features of feminist bioethical approaches, including both the substantive topics addressed and the particular ethical areas highlighted. Among these areas are: attention to power dynamics and social context; the use of empirical information to inform ethical theory; a focus on relationality, care, and embodiment; and an acknowledgement of minority viewpoints that are often excluded from mainstream bioethics. In taking these distinctive approaches, feminist bioethics has also made major theoretical contributions to moral philosophy: here I discuss (i) the ethics of care and (ii) relational autonomy. Finally, I consider the extent to which feminist work has changed or entered the mainstream, and look to current and future directions in feminist bioethics.

Pragmatism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin McKenna ◽  
Maurice Hamington
Keyword(s):  
Care Ethics ◽  
Feminist Philosophy ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
American Pragmatism ◽  
Jane Addams ◽  
Utopian Thinking ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
Feminist Work

This chapter offers an account of central issues and themes in feminist philosophical engagements with the uniquely American intellectual tradition often referred to as American pragmatism. After introducing pragmatism, the foundational feminist work and influence of Jane Addams is presented, followed by a discussion of other noteworthy contributors to feminist pragmatism. Significant themes in feminist pragmatism including race and identity, epistemology, care ethics, utopian thinking, and environmentalism are explored. The chapter addresses the extent to which feminist work has changed or entered the mainstream of the American pragmatism, as well as current and future directions of feminist pragmatism. In addition to offering a history of the development of feminist pragmatism, the chapter considers how feminism is a resource for pragmatism and how pragmatism is a resource for feminist philosophy.

scholarly journals The paradox of imperfect duty in Kant's moral philosophy: A problem in 'applying' ethics'

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-564
Author(s):  
Phillip Richter
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Discourse Ethics ◽  
Kantian Ethics ◽  
Imperfect Duty ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
Metaphysics Of Morals

The Applied Ethics debate has not yet sufficiently clarified what application of ethics exactly is. The issue of application is considered to be especially problematic in Kantian ethics or in discourse ethics. This article describes the concept of applying ethics in Kant. In discussing the duty of helping others and the theory of its application in Metaphysics of Morals it is shown that a strict separation of justification and application in ethical theory results in the paradox of imperfect duty. The paradox says that the duty to help others would be fulfilled without ever being fulfilled in action. To overcome the paradox it is necessary to form submaximes of helping, which are not arbitrarily but instructed by a theory of casuistry. This casuistry, if it is considered as a doctrine of application in Kantian ethics, can overcome the paradox of imperfect duty. However, the casuistry can overcome this paradox only if it is understood as a philosophy of prudence, which can be found in Aristotle or Descartes.

scholarly journals On feminist engagements with bioethics

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Rada Drezgic
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Relational Autonomy ◽  
Background Values ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
Social Units ◽  
Feminist Bioethics

The article explores two questions: what is feminist bioethics, and how different it is from standard bioethics. Development of feminist bioethics, it is argued, began as a response to standard bioethics, challenging its background values, and philosophical perspectives. The most important contribution of feminist bioethics has been its re-examination of the basic conceptual underpinnings of mainstream bioethics, including the concepts of ?universality?, ?autonomy?, and ?trust?. Particularly important for feminists has been the concept of autonomy. They challenge the old liberal notion of autonomy that treats individuals as separate social units and argue that autonomy is established through relations. Relational autonomy assumes that identities and values are developed through relationships with others and that the choices one makes are shaped by specific social and historical contexts. Neither relational autonomy, nor feminist bioethics, however, represents a single, unified perspective. There are, actually, as many feminist bioethics as there are feminisms-liberal, cultural, radical, postmodern etc. Their different ontological, epistemological and political underpinnings shape their respective approaches to bioethical issues at hand. Still what they all have in common is interest in social justice-feminists explore mainstream bioethics and reproductive technologies in order to establish whether they support or impede gender and overall social justice and equality. Feminist bioethics thus brings a significant improvement to standard bioethics.

A Framework for a Sociological Description of the Communicative Interaction in Adults Who Stutter

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
James M. Mancinelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Emergent Phenomenon ◽  
Communicative Interactions

Purpose The author presents a descriptive sociological framework for the communicative interaction between an adult who stutters (AWS) and other communication partners. The author shows that the communicative interaction between an AWS and another interactant is a sociological object that can be evaluated by both parties in real-time, and is impacted by settings, participants, identity, stigmatization, and the type of talk. These elements are consistent with Hymes' SPEAKING model, which was developed to describe speech communication in a social context and can lay the foundation for the development of an ethnography of stuttering. The clinical applications and implications of a sociological framework are discussed and future directions for research are suggested. Method This work is a refinement and enhancement of Mancinelli (2018) and Mancinelli (2019) and the research associated with that work. This is a tutorial with a clinical focus designed to introduce the readership to a sociological perspective on communicative interactions in AWS. Conclusions Stuttering is an emergent phenomenon embedded within a social interaction, necessitating a deeper understanding of the processes at work during those interactions. A sociological framework can provide a more comprehensive description of the communicative interactions as well as the sociocommunicative lives of people who stutter. The information obtained can inform the formulation of realistic, functional goals based on the daily life of the client. Implications for the development of an ethnography of stuttering are discussed.

Cognitive Phone for Sensing Human Behavior

2015 ◽  
pp. 1138-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Pei ◽  
Robert Guinness ◽  
Jyrki Kaistinen
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Location Information ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Behavior Detection ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social

A boom of various sensor options gives a mobile phone the capability for sensing the social context and makes a mobile phone an attractive “cognitive” platform, which has great potential to model and cognize human behavior. A review of the history, current state, and future directions of the cognitive phone are outlined in this article. An implementation example of a cognitive phone is presented, and a Location-Motion-Context (LoMoCo) model is introduced, to combine personal location information and motion states to infer a corresponding context. Future possibilities of cognitive phones in behavior detection and change are outlined.

A Dictionary of Ethics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Cuneo
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Normative Ethics ◽  
Key Terms

This authoritative dictionary contains clear, concise definitions of key terms from ethical theory and touches upon a variety of relevant subfields including metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. A Dictionary of Ethics is a valuable reference resource for academics, practitioners, and students of moral philosophy, applied ethics, and public policy. It will also be of interest to readers looking to familiarize themselves with ethical terms and the concepts they express.

Ethics in Foreign Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Bulley
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Relational Ethics ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Policy Arena ◽  
The Way

Ethics and foreign policy have long been considered different arenas, which can only be bridged with great analytical and practical difficulty. However, with the rise of post-positivist approaches to foreign policy, much greater attention has been paid to the way that ethical norms and moral values are embedded within the way states understand their own actions and interests, both enabling and constraining their behavior. Turning to these approaches raises a different question to whether ethics and foreign policy can mix, that of how best to understand, analyze, and critique the role that ethics inevitably play within foreign policy making? What are required are perspectives which, instead of constructing an ethical theory in the abstract and applying it to a concrete situation, start from the ethics of the foreign policy arena itself. Two ways of looking at ethics are especially useful in this regard: a virtue-ethics approach and a relational-ethics approach. These can be best explored by observing how they work in a particular foreign policy context, such as the highly controversial U.K. decision to join the invasion and occupation of Iraq from 2003. This was a policy where ethics came particularly to the fore in both the decision-making process and its justification. The case study can therefore help show the types of questions virtue and relational ethics ask, the way they work as analytical and critical frameworks, and the problems they raise for the role of ethics in foreign policy. They also point toward important future directions for research in the area.

Alternative Ethical Perspectives on the Financial Crisis

2014 ◽  
pp. 248-267
Author(s):  
Irene van Staveren
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Relational Ethics ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Neoclassical Economics ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
The Third ◽  
Traditional Roles ◽  
Ethical Perspectives

This chapter analyzes the financial crisis from three ethical perspectives. It starts from utilitarianism, the ethical theory underlying neoclassical economics, which has partly driven the crisis. The best-known alternative is deontology, a rule-based ethics. This has failed to prevent the crisis because the dominant utilitarianism has undermined professionals’ belief in universal rules. The third approach is the ethics of care, a relational ethics grounded in moral commitments between people in their particular contexts, which emerged from research on families, households, and healthcare. There are two case studies that illustrate that the ethics of care is not necessarily limited to micro practices shaped by women’s traditional roles as caregivers. One case is on “caring finance” in Rabobank, and the other is on gender differences in financial behavior. They illustrate that the ethics of care deserves more attention from economists.

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