MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: MAIN IDEAS, FUNCTIONS, FEATURES

The organizational culture of an educational institution should be considered because of the management of a higher education institution, the real relations and positions existing in it. It is characterized by levels of differentiation (division of responsibilities) and ensuring the cohesion of staff (integration), and thus cooperation focused on achieving the goal, which is an indicator of the successful functioning of the educational institution. Organizational culture is defined as a set of norms, values, rules, models of communication that are shared by all employees. The level of development of organizational culture is crucial in ensuring the quality of the educational institution, its efficiency. Solving the problem of developing the organizational culture of the educational institution is an important task of its head. The system-forming factor of university culture can be the core idea or principle, which is mandatory for all research and teaching staff and is manifested in all aspects of the life of the educational institution. At the present stage of development of educational organizations there are distortions - in the hierarchy of goals the leading place is given not to a specific goal, but to receive income from educational activities. This trend is manifested not only in the activities of private educational institutions, but also public ones. Personnel policy of medical institutions of higher education is to focus the way of such educational institutions on ethical goals, liberalism and tolerance, great humanity, the pursuit of justice, independence and individuality, the correct principle of their action and counteraction, self-affirmation, building hierarchy, power, obtaining information and communication, the desire to form social contacts, free expression of opinion, the social benefits of labor and democracy, the desire for security. Ethics is based on norms and principles that determine the behavior of ordinary employees and leaders of educational organizations in relation to society, other organizations, and groups, in relations with each other. Ethical norms outline common values and ethical rules that must be followed by employees of higher education institutions. Ethics rules are created to define the goals of educational organizations, their description, create a favorable ethical atmosphere and outline ethical recommendations in decision-making. Self-respecting educational organizations, that is, for which public opinion about decency and honesty is more important than the desire to increase their profits, define and oblige their employees to adhere to ethical norms. Many educational organizations that value their name now have codes of ethics and guidelines. It helps employees and managers to act and make decisions based on the analysis of ethical standards. Today, the manager in his daily work systematically deals not only with compliance with laws governing educational activities, but also with compliance with ethical requirements that increase the level of responsibility to the environment and society, which is especially important for medical institutions of higher education.

Bogatyr's horse in the structure of the concept “BOGATYR AS AN IDEAL PERSON”: the case of early olonkho texts

В олонхо в структуре концепта «БОГАТЫРЬ – ИДЕАЛЬНЫЙ ЧЕЛОВЕК» главным компонентом является «БОГАТЫРЬ», так как универсалия идеального человека представлена, прежде всего, через образ богатыря. Однако в якутском традиционном сознании образ богатыря неразрывно связан с его богатырским конём. Цель данного исследования – определение содержания ментальной единицы «КОНЬ» в культуре народа саха как компонента структуры концепта «БОГАТЫРЬ – ИДЕАЛЬНЫЙ ЧЕЛОВЕК», транслирующего особенности национального характера и национальную идентичность якутов. Материалом для исследования послужили ранние тексты олонхо Т. В. Захарова – Чээбий «Ала Булкун» (1906), К. Г. Оросина «Нюргун Боотур Стремительный» (1895). Ранние тексты олонхо транслируют мировоззрение, ценностные установки и этические нормы, определяют национальный характер. В них проявляются идеология и чаяния древних якутов эпохи становления и развития эпического самосознания. В исследовании были использованы системный и описательный методы. В результате изучения установлено, что в рассмотренных ранних текстах олонхо описание коня богатыря по объему намного больше и длиннее, чем в большинстве поздних текстов. Анализ показал, что в ранних текстах олонхо образ коня описан очень красочно и детализированно, он предстаёт крепким, сильным, верным хозяину-богатырю, а также обладает магическими свойствами. Такое содержание культурной универсалии «КОНЬ» складывалось на протяжении веков. Закрепленное в ранних текстах олонхо значение образа коня нашло своё развитие и в текстах современных олонхо. Конь – это один из всеобъемлющих образов, через призму которого можно приблизиться к пониманию якутского национального характера In the olonkho, the main component in the structure of the concept “BOGATYR AS AN IDEAL PERSON” is “BOGATYR”, because the universalia of the ideal man is represented primarily through the image of a bogatyr. However, in Sakha (Yakut) traditional consciousness the image of a bogatyr is inseparably connected with his bogatyr horse. The purpose of this study was to determine the content of the mental unit “HORSE” in the culture of the Sakha people as a component of the structure of the concept “BOGATYR AS AN IDEAL PERSON”, which translates the features of the national character and national identity of the Sakha people. The material for the study was the early texts of T. V. Zakharov – Cheebiy's olonkho “Ala Bulkun” (1906) and K. G. Orosin's “Nyurgun Bootur the Swift” (1895). Early olonkho texts translate worldview, values and ethical norms and define national character. They manifest the ideology and aspirations of ancient Yakuts in the era of formation and development of epic consciousness. Systematic and descriptive methods were used in the study. As a result of the study, it was found that the description of the bogatyr's horse in the examined early texts of olonkho was much larger and longer than in most of the later texts. The analysis showed that in the early texts of the olonkho the image of the horse was described in a very colorful and detailed manner, it appeared strong, loyal to the master-bogatyr, and also had magical properties. This content of the cultural universalism “HORSE” had developed over the centuries. The meaning of the image of a horse consolidated in the early texts of olonkho has found its development in the texts of modern olonkho. The horse is one of the comprehensive images, through the prism of which one can get closer to the understanding of the Sakha national character

Two Dogmas of Research Ethics

This chapter reviews a series of arguments that purport to show that there is an inherent moral dilemma in research with humans and that this conflict produces a corresponding social dilemma, known as the prisoner’s dilemma. If these arguments are sound, it would show that dual requirements of the egalitarian research imperative outlined in chapter 4 cannot be satisfied in practice. This chapter argues that these arguments fail and that their intuitive force in this area is bolstered by two dogmas of research ethics: the claim that the ethical norms in this area derive from the role-related obligations of medical professionals and the claim that research is an inherently utilitarian undertaking. This chapter demonstrates that rejecting those dogmas creates a space for reconciling the production of socially valuable information with respect for research participants as free and equal.

Homo digitalis – Homo medialis. Digitális média és keresztyén antropológia

Homo Digitalis – Homo Medialis. Digital Media and Christian Anthropology. Digital media and virtual community existence define our present and our everyday life to such an extent and poses such new challenges that Christian ethics cannot escape the responsibility of guidance. However, it is not just a question of what ethical norms apply to the online space and appearance therein but also of how online identity redraws a person’s image of him-/herself and of the other. Can Christian ethics speak of homo digitalis and homo medialis without confronting Christian teaching about humans? The present study seeks to critically illuminate new phenomena in the digital world along the topoi of classical Christian anthropology (creation, divinity, alienation, shame, sin, fellow human beings). Keywords: media, digital lifestyle, virtuality, online identity, Christian anthropology

THE METHODOLOGY OF ANALYSIS OF J. JOYCE'S NOVEL "ULISSES" (EMPHASES OF DARIA VIKONSKA)

The relevance of the study is due to the need to include the novel "Ulysses" by J. Joyce in university and, if possible, school curricula in foreign literature, as well as the need for its interpretation, despite the excessive complexity of the text and difficulty of perception. It is also important to return the legacy of D. Vikonska, a writer, critic, art critic and literary critic, to modern Ukrainian culture. Research methodology: a model of analysis of the modernist novel "Ulysses", created on the basis of the research work of D. Vikonska “James Joyce. The secret of his artistic face” (1934). Scientific novelty: for the first time the analysis of the novel "Ulysses" is carried out with the broad involvement of the half-forgotten studio of D. Vikonska, which has not lost its relevance, clearly articulates the modernist nature of the work, including surreal style. The purpose of the study: to draw attention to the outstanding figure of D. Vikonska as the founder of Ukrainian Joyce studies, to include her in the modern literary process, to show with her help the significant role of Joyce's novel "Ulysses". Conclusions. The answer to the question why Joyce's novel Ulysses is considered a landmark work of modernism should be concise but convincing, based on macro- and microanalysis of the text. First of all, it is a unique example of the author's self-expression, extreme subjectivism (the whimsy of Joyce's nature), transformed into universalism. No one is as subjective as Joyce is, no one is as universal as he is. Such can only be a conscious modernist who has passed the difficult path of search outside, in the world of culture, and inside, looking into the irrational depths of his own psyche. This is the most rational, intellectual and at the same time irrational, or visionary, according to K.G. Jung, type of creativity. Second: this is the boldest (revolutionary, in the words of Vikonska) challenge to tradition (or Cultural Canon, according to K.G. Jung), which manifested itself in the ironic parody of almost all known literary forms and narrative means, many moral and ethical norms. Third: it is a brilliant example of the author's style, a variant of surrealism, which grows out of naturalism and turns into neomythologism. Joyce's style is characterized by the following features: associative metaphorical writing, author's dictionary, which includes numerous innovations, narrative reception of the flow of consciousness; use of dreams, delusions, other boundary conditions; a bizarre intertwining of past and present, when dead and living characters are equal in meaning; consistent reflection of the external in the internal and vice versa; a labyrinth of human wanderings in search of pleasures, meaning, cognition and self-knowledge. Joyce modeled the next stage in the development of culture – the transition from modernism to postmodernism, from an ironic re-reading of tradition to playing with it.

Diachronic model of the word “official” in the Russian language: semantic features and vectors of development

The relevance of this article is determined by the demand for the stereotype of a civil servant in Russian public communication and the need for its regular research in order to form an objective public opinion and determine the dynamics of social processes. The purpose of the research was to identify and describe the changes in terms of the content of the language sign official in the Russian language in Pre-Soviet, Soviet and modern periods. The methods of synchronous, diachronic, component, lexicographic and contextual analysis are used in the paper. The study was carried out on the material of lexicographic sources and modern mass media discourse on government administration. For the first time, the main vectors for developing semantics of the key lexical unit of the administrative language in the modern period were identified and described. The changes were caused by the destruction of ideologized subject-conceptual semes of the Soviet era; by the expansion of paradigmatic and syntagmatic ties, reflecting the disappearance of geo-conditioned characteristics and consolidating the features of the hierarchy of the modern management, as well as by the actualization and unification of the verbal sign. It is concluded that, in terms of the semantics of the studied verbal signs, there is a traditionally stable pejorative-evaluative emotiveness due to the sociocultural context which is reflected in associative characteristics - stimuli indicating human weaknesses associated primarily with violated moral and ethical norms. The prospects of the research are seen in continuing the synchronous-diachronic study of the most important for the modern Russian language verbal signs official, manager, bureaucrat, functionary in the lexical-semantic field bureaucracy, which is actively developing, and in using the proposed methods of analysis to study other subsystems of the Russian language.

Le mal moral chez Avicenne : perspectives éthiques et politiques

Résumé La question du mal problème pose un problème aigu au sein de la doctrine de l’âme d’Avicenne. Comment l’âme humaine qui est une substance spirituelle inaltérable impassible peut-elle être affectée par le mal commis ? Répondre à cette question nécessite l’étude de l’eschatologie avicennienne de même que celle du statut des normes éthiques. Ces dernières ne sont, selon Avicenne, pas universelles et donc pas accessibles à l’intellect mais sont données par la révélation. On ne peut comprendre la question du mal moral chez Avicenne sans la replacer dans le système métaphysique et éthique du philosophe persan. The question of evil poses an acute problem within Avicenna’s doctrine of the soul. How can the human soul, which is an unalterable spiritual substance, be affected by the evil committed? Answering this question requires the study of Avicenna’s eschatology as well as the study of the status of ethical norms. The latter, according to Avicenna, are not universal and therefore not accessible to the intellect but are given by revelation. The question of moral evil in Avicenna cannot be understood without placing it in the metaphysical and ethical system of the Persian philosopher.

Bioethics: from Enlightenment to return

Based on the concept adopted by the Russian legislator in the field of bioethics, the articleanalyzes aspects of the formation of moral and ethical regulations as a subject of legal regulation, a historical review of the features of the perception by the individual and society of ethical norms as criteria for self-restraint of the possibility of choosing options for lawful or unlawful behavioris given. The transformation of law from the age of enlightenment to the era of return to ethical institutions is shown both in the historical periods of the outgoing era and in the examples of negative law-making of contemporaries, in order to leave the norms of ethics outside the national order.The traditional explanation of the dominance of such an approach to the legal regulation of ethical institutions is reduced to the absence of objects of legal support due to the fact that ethics is not a legal, but a moral one. De facto ethical norms are introduced into the modern legal order of the Russian Federation at the level of law enforcement activities, for example, through the adoption of Codes of Professional Ethics. The expediency of formation in Russia of the National Council on Bioethics and Biosafety is substantiated.

Ethical adaptation and legal regulation of modern technology

The efficiency and convenience afforded by modern technology have increased its importance to society in recent years. However, the risks and ethical issues associated with it can lead to many social problems. There is consensus in the academic community that standardizing the research and development of modern technology can help solve those problems. Although different in scope, ethical adaptation and legal regulation are both effective ways to regulate modern technology. Ethical adaptation is mainly used to optimize the environment of research and development on modern technology. The coordination of Dao (the ‘way’ in classical Chinese philosophy) and technology is a means of constructing a rational technical ethic. The social construction of technology provides the possibility for Dao–technology coordination, and responsible innovation is a responsibility that should be shouldered by technical workers. The ethical adaptation of modern technology has a significant influence but limited restraints. When ethical adaptation cannot function, it is necessary to consider technical behaviour within the scope of legal regulations and restrain modern technology by formulating and implementing a legal system for it. The relevant laws are grounded in the coercive force of the state and are far more effective than ethical norms. Moreover, a lack of ethics for technological actors has caused some negative consequences in the application of technology. When formulating laws regarding technology, it is important to include science and technology policies and ethical norms to complete the legal system for technology. The derivative effect of modern technology requires the joint action of ethics and law. Only when they coordinate with and promote each other can the benign development of modern technology and the orderly development of modern society be realized.

ETHICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ATTITUDES TO VACCINATION IN THE YOUTH ENVIRONMENT OF RUSSIA

The prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on the background of a shortage of state resources in the healthcare sphere, caused a wave of pseudoscientific information in the Internet. The youth environment is particularly susceptible to such influence, communication in which has the character of information chaos. To assess the attitude to vaccination in the youth environment of Russia, a sociological study was conducted, N = 480, average age (20.8 ± 1.41). According to the data obtained, 36.71 % of respondents are categorically against personal vaccination. At the same time, only 65.71 % of students who gave a negative answer were able to explain their position. The obtained results demonstrate a tendency to the formation of a socially negative "fashion" among young people – "dissident-vaccines". It is shown that the fundamental difference is that the stigmatization of those who are not vaccinated abroad can be provoked by inequality in access to vaccines, and not a protest manifestation of infodemia, as among young people of Russia. Because of this, the demand for socio-psychological support of vocational education is increasing, where in the conditions of the educational environment, sociological monitoring, moral and psychological correction seems to be the most realistic. In such conditions, the demand for humanitarian education in medical universities is increasing, which allow to focus on ethical norms and moral values of the profession within the educational process.