Perceived Discrimination and Health: Integrative Findings

2018 ◽  
pp. 442-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo G. Cuevas ◽  
David R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
National Health ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Priority Areas

The Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study was the first national health study to include a comprehensive battery to measure both major acute and chronic experiences of discrimination. Studies using MIDUS data have made significant contributions to the growing area of research on discrimination and health. This chapter provides an overview of research on discrimination and health, giving special attention to how findings from the MIDUS study have contributed to this literature. It provides a description of the discrimination instruments in MIDUS and summarizes key MIDUS findings that have examined discrimination in relation to health outcomes. This chapter outlines priority areas for future research. With growing recognition of the need to better understand the conditions under which specific aspects of discrimination are pathogenic for particular social groups, this chapter highlights the importance of using MIDUS to reach these goals.

scholarly journals Effects of Perceived Discrimination on Depressive Symptoms Among Black Men Residing in the United States: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelitta M. Britt-Spells ◽  
Maribeth Slebodnik ◽  
Laura P. Sands ◽  
David Rollock
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Relationship Of

Research reports that perceived discrimination is positively associated with depressive symptoms. The literature is limited when examining this relationship among Black men. This meta-analysis systematically examines the current literature and investigates the relationship of perceived discrimination on depressive symptoms among Black men residing in the United States. Using a random-effects model, study findings indicate a positive association between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms among Black men ( r = .29). Several potential moderators were also examined in this study; however, there were no significant moderation effects detected. Recommendations and implications for future research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals The Great Unequalizer: Initial Health Effects of COVID-19 in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-46
Author(s):  
Marcella Alsan ◽  
Amitabh Chandra ◽  
Kosali Simon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native American ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Vulnerabilities ◽  
Shed Light

We measure inequities from the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality and hospitalizations in the United States during the early months of the outbreak. We discuss challenges in measuring health outcomes and health inequality, some of which are specific to COVID-19 and others that complicate attribution during most large health shocks. As in past epidemics, preexisting biological and social vulnerabilities profoundly influenced the distribution of disease. In addition to the elderly, Hispanic, Black and Native American communities were disproportionately affected by the virus, particularly when assessed using the years of potential life lost metric. We provide a conceptual framework and initial empirical analysis that seek to shed light on contributors to pandemic-related health inequality, and we suggest areas for future research.

Prevalence of Hearing Impairment by Gender and Audiometric Configuration: Results From The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004) and The Keokuk County Rural Health Study (1994–1998)

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (09) ◽  
pp. 672-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Ciletti ◽  
Gregory A. Flamme
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rural Health ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
National Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Rural County ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Purpose: This study describes the most common audiometric configurations and the prevalence of these configurations among adults (ages 20 to 69) in the noninstitutionalized population of the United States and in a sample of residents of a rural county in Iowa. Research Design: This was a cross-sectional population-based study. Study Sample: Estimates generalizing to the noninstitutionalized population of the United States were based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collected from 2819 women and 2525 men between 1999 and 2004. Estimates from the rural county were based on Keokuk County Rural Health Study (KCRHS) data collected from 892 women and 750 men between 1994 and 1998. Data Collection and Analysis: Cluster analyses (k-means) were used to divide participants into groups including maximally similar bilateral air conduction audiograms. Separate cluster analyses were conducted for each gender. For NHANES data, prevalence and error estimates were obtained using sample weights intended to provide data generalizing to the noninstitutionalized population of the United States within this age range. Results: The hierarchical structure of audiometric configurations revealed that approximately 25% of women and 50% of men aged 20 to 69 in the noninstitutionalized population of the United States were best described by a configuration consistent with a marked hearing impairment in at least one frequency. Hearing impairments were more common among participants in the KCRHS. Gently sloping configurations of hearing impairment were dominant among women, while configurations featuring a greater slope were dominant among men. There was a greater variety of audiometric configurations in men than women. Conclusions: In addition to their descriptive value, these data can be used to inform future studies of risk factors and progression of hearing loss, and to improve the generalizability of studies involving rehabilitative options for people with hearing impairment.

Health Outcomes and Health Care Utilization Among Obstetric Deliveries With Concurrent CKD in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Oliverio ◽  
Lindsay K. Admon ◽  
Laura H. Mariani ◽  
Tyler N.A. Winkelman ◽  
Vanessa K. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Utilization

Fragments of the American Dream: Immigration, Race, and Medical Care in the Segregated South, 1929

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
John R Phillips
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Black Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Woman ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sunflower County

The cover photograph for this issue of Public Voices was taken sometime in the summer of 1929 (probably June) somewhere in Sunflower County, Mississippi. Very probably the photo was taken in Indianola but, perhaps, it was Ruleville. It is one of three such photos, one of which does have the annotation on the reverse “Ruleville Midwives Club 1929.” The young woman wearing a tie in this and in one of the other photos was Ann Reid Brown, R.N., then a single woman having only arrived in the United States from Scotland a few years before, in 1923. Full disclosure: This commentary on the photo combines professional research interests in public administration and public policy with personal interests—family interests—for that young nurse later married and became the author’s mother. From the scholarly perspective, such photographs have been seen as “instrumental in establishing midwives’ credentials and cultural identity at a key transitional moment in the history of the midwife and of public health” (Keith, Brennan, & Reynolds 2012). There is also deep irony if we see these photographs as being a fragment of the American dream, of a recent immigrant’s hope for and success at achieving that dream; but that fragment of the vision is understood quite differently when we see that she began a hopeful career working with a Black population forcibly segregated by law under the incongruously named “separate but equal” legal doctrine. That doctrine, derived from the United States Supreme Court’s 1896 decision, Plessy v. Ferguson, would remain the foundation for legally enforced segregation throughout the South for another quarter century. The options open to the young, white, immigrant nurse were almost entirely closed off for the population with which she then worked. The remaining parts of this overview are meant to provide the following: (1) some biographical information on the nurse; (2) a description, in so far as we know it, of why she was in Mississippi; and (3) some indication of areas for future research on this and related topics.

Questions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Michael J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The U.S

We have investigated the differences in support for the U.S. Supreme Court among black, Hispanic, and white Americans, catalogued the variation in African Americans’ group attachments and experiences with legal authorities, and examined how those latter two factors shape individuals’ support for the U.S. Supreme Court, that Court’s decisions, and for their local legal system. We take this opportunity to weave our findings together, taking stock of what we have learned from our analyses and what seem like fruitful paths for future research. In the process, we revisit Positivity Theory. We present a modified version of the theory that we hope will guide future inquiry on public support for courts, both in the United States and abroad.

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