Self-Report Assessment of Emotion Dysregulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 394-409
Author(s):  
Kim L. Gratz ◽  
Courtney N. Forbes ◽  
Linnie E. Wheeless ◽  
Julia R. Richmond ◽  
Matthew T. Tull
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Per Se

Self-report assessments remain among the most widely used measures for most psychological constructs, due to their feasibility, ease of administration, low cost, and wide availability. Self-report measures of emotion dysregulation are no exception. This chapter reviews two predominant conceptualizations of emotion dysregulation (one of which focuses on dysregulated emotional responses per se and another that focuses on maladaptive ways of responding to emotions), as well as the empirical support for extant self-report measures of emotion dysregulation consistent with both conceptualizations. Based on this review, the chapter concludes that both emotional responses themselves and an individual’s responses to those emotions may evidence dysregulation and inform our understanding of normal and abnormal development. Finally, future directions for research in this area are discussed, including the need for studies examining the clinical utility of targeting responses to emotions versus emotional experience per se in psychological interventions.

Dealing With Shame – the ‘psychopathic Way’: Preliminary Investigation for a New Developmental Framework of Psychopathic Traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S465-S465 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Velotti ◽  
M. D’aguanno ◽  
C. Garofalo ◽  
G. Rogier
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Competing Interest

Although individuals with psychopathic traits are deemed as immune to emotional experiences, in recent year, some authors have advanced the hypothesis that a pervasive pattern of emotion dysregulation may characterize the developmental trajectories leading to a psychopathic personality structure. Shame has been proposed as crucial emotions to understand psychopathy. It has been argued that people, who often experience shame feelings during their childhood, may develop adaptive strategies to cope with them, which lead to maladaptive strategies to regulate shame feelings in adulthood. These maladaptive strategies may explain the increased likelihood for these individuals to violence when feeling ashamed. Whether these mechanisms may also explain the presence of high psychopathic traits remains a clinically valid theoretical hypothesis, which lacks empirical support.ObjectiveTo investigate whether maladaptive strategies to cope with shame feelings were associated with psychopathic traits.AimsTo examine the association between four maladaptive shame coping were positively related with psychopathic traits.MethodsA sample of male offenders incarcerated in Italian jails completed the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (Paulhus et al., 2015) and the Compass of Shame Scale (Elison et al., 2006).ResultsAs hypothesized, maladaptive shame regulation strategies did predict psychopathic traits in the offender sample examined. Specifically, significant and meaningful associations occurred between avoidance and attack other coping styles and psychopathic traits.ConclusionsThe present study is among the first in providing evidence of a possible relationship between maladaptive strategies to cope with shame feelings and psychopathic traits, and such link can be informative to tailor treatment programs for these hard-to-treat patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Psychopathy and Aggression: The Role of Emotion Dysregulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051990094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Garofalo ◽  
Craig S. Neumann ◽  
Patrizia Velotti
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Shared Variance ◽  
Reactive And Proactive Aggression

The importance of psychopathy in the forensic and criminal justice domains is largely due to its robust associations with aggression and violent behavior. Hence, investigators have increasingly been interested in elucidating potential mechanisms linking psychopathy and aggression. Recent research highlighted previously overlooked associations between psychopathy and difficulties in emotion regulation, the process responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and managing one’s emotional experience, as well as for guiding behavior under intense emotional arousal. Yet, it remains unclear whether emotion dysregulation may be helpful to explain well-documented associations between psychopathy and aggression. The present study examined whether emotion dysregulation mediated associations (i.e., explained a significant portion of the shared variance) between psychopathy and aggression across community ( N = 521) and offender ( N = 268) samples. Participants completed self-report measures of psychopathy, emotion dysregulation, trait aggressiveness (i.e., anger, hostility, physical and verbal aggression), as well as reactive and proactive aggression. Across both samples, psychopathy had significant indirect effect on all indices of aggression through emotion dysregulation, with the exception of verbal aggression. These findings support the relevance of emotion regulation for the construct of psychopathy and its maladaptive correlates and highlight the potential relevance of focusing on emotion regulation as a possible target for interventions aimed at reducing aggression among individuals with psychopathic traits.

Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and Emotion Regulation

2017 ◽  
pp. 79-110
Author(s):  
Michael Sun ◽  
Meghan Vinograd ◽  
Gregory A. Miller ◽  
Michelle G. Craske
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Research Domain

Chapter 5 describes the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework as it pertains to emotion regulation, an in-progress research framework mapping psychological constructs onto discrete units of analysis (genes, molecules, cells, brain circuits, physiology, behavior, and self-report). It accommodates contemporary and developing emotion frameworks such as the Bradley-Lang Model and Gross-Ochsner Extended Process Model (EPM), while supplementing the clinically valuable, categorical account of psychological disorders featured in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The RDoC has three objectives: Describing how psychological constructs are implemented mechanistically (biologically), increasing the explanatory ability as to why a biological system or neurobiological structure works, and increasing the predictive validity of pathological phenomena. This multi-componential research framework involves interdisciplinary collaboration to uncover new avenues for exploring the etiology, maintenance, and intervention to address one of the field’s greatest challenges: the effective treatment of emotion dysregulation.

The Effect of Searching Versus Surfing on Cognitive and Emotional Responses to Online News

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Wise ◽  
Hyo Jung Kim ◽  
Jeesum Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Online News ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Information Need ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Rate Acceleration

A mixed-design experiment was conducted to explore differences between searching and surfing on cognitive and emotional responses to online news. Ninety-two participants read three unpleasant news stories from a website. Half of the participants acquired their stories by searching, meaning they had a previous information need in mind. The other half of the participants acquired their stories by surfing, with no previous information need in mind. Heart rate, skin conductance, and corrugator activation were collected as measures of resource allocation, motivational activation, and unpleasantness, respectively, while participants read each story. Self-report valence and recognition accuracy were also measured. Stories acquired by searching elicited greater heart rate acceleration, skin conductance level, and corrugator activation during reading. These stories were rated as more unpleasant, and their details were recognized more accurately than similar stories that were acquired by surfing. Implications of these results for understanding how people process online media are discussed.

Neural mechanisms of the cognitive control of emotion

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 144-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Green ◽  
Gin S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Emotion Perception ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Emotion Generation

Background:Emotion regulation involves the initiation of new emotional responses and continual alteration of current emotions in response to rapidly changing environmental and social stimuli. The capacity to effectively implement emotion regulation strategies is essential for psychological health; impairments in the ability to regulate emotions may be critical to the development of clinical levels of depression, anxiety and mania.Objective:This review provides a summary of findings from current research examining the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation by means of conscious cognitive strategies of reappraisal. These findings are considered in the context of related concepts of emotion perception and emotion generation, with discussion of the likely cognitive neuropsychological contributions to emotion regulation and the implications for psychiatric disorders.Results:Convergent evidence implicates an inhibitory role of prefrontal cortex and cingulate regions upon subcortical and cortical emotion generation systems in the cognitive control of emotional experience. Concurrent modulation of cortical activity by the peripheral nervous system is highlighted by recent studies using simultaneous physiological and neuroimaging techniques. Individual differences in emotion perception, generation of affect and neuropsychological skills are likely to have direct consequences for emotion regulation.Conclusions:Emotion regulation relies on synergy within brain stem, limbic and cortical processes that promote the adaptive perception, generation and regulation of affect. Aberrant emotion processing in any of these stages may disrupt this self-sustaining regulatory system, with the potential to manifest in distinct forms of emotion dysregulation as seen in major psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

scholarly journals A Person-to-Person and Person-to-Place COVID-19 Contact Tracing System Based on OGC IndoorGML

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soroush Ojagh ◽  
Sara Saeedi ◽  
Steve H. L. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Sequential Order ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Data Points ◽  
The Impact

With the wide availability of low-cost proximity sensors, a large body of research focuses on digital person-to-person contact tracing applications that use proximity sensors. In most contact tracing applications, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 spread through touching contaminated surfaces in enclosed places is overlooked. This study is focused on tracing human contact within indoor places using the open OGC IndoorGML standard. This paper proposes a graph-based data model that considers the semantics of indoor locations, time, and users’ contexts in a hierarchical structure. The functionality of the proposed data model is evaluated for a COVID-19 contact tracing application with scalable system architecture. Indoor trajectory preprocessing is enabled by spatial topology to detect and remove semantically invalid real-world trajectory points. Results show that 91.18% percent of semantically invalid indoor trajectory data points are filtered out. Moreover, indoor trajectory data analysis is innovatively empowered by semantic user contexts (e.g., disinfecting activities) extracted from user profiles. In an enhanced contact tracing scenario, considering the disinfecting activities and sequential order of visiting common places outperformed contact tracing results by filtering out unnecessary potential contacts by 44.98 percent. However, the average execution time of person-to-place contact tracing is increased by 58.3%.

scholarly journals Exploring and Exploiting the Symmetry-Breaking Effect of Cyclodextrins in Mechanomolecules

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Molecular Machine ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Breaking Effect ◽  
Planar Chirality ◽  
Conical Shape ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Molecular Rings

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cone-shaped molecular rings that have been widely employed in supramolecular/host–guest chemistry because of their low cost, high biocompatibility, stability, wide availability in multiple sizes, and their promiscuity for binding a range of molecular guests in water. Consequently, CD-based host–guest complexes are often employed as templates for the synthesis of mechanically bonded molecules (mechanomolecules) such as catenanes, rotaxanes, and polyrotaxanes in particular. The conical shape and cyclodirectionality of the CD “bead” gives rise to a symmetry-breaking effect when it is threaded onto a molecular “string”; even symmetrical guests are rendered asymmetric by the presence of an encircling CD host. This review focuses on the stereochemical implications of this symmetry-breaking effect in mechanomolecules, including orientational isomerism, mechanically planar chirality, and topological chirality, as well as how they support applications in regioselective and stereoselective chemical synthesis, the design of molecular machine prototypes, and the development of advanced materials.

Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience of Depersonalization

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Daphne Simeon
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
The Body ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Limbic Structures ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
Depersonalization Disorder

ABSTRACTDepersonalization disorder (DPD) is characterized by a subjective sense of detachment from one's own being and a sense of unreality. An examination of the psychobiology of depersonalization symptoms may be useful in understanding the cognitive-affective neuroscience of embodiment. DPD may be mediated by neurocircuitry and neurotransmitters involved in the integration of sensory processing and of the body schema, and in the mediation of emotional experience and the identification of feelings. For example, DPD has been found to involve autonomic blunting, deactivation of sub-cortical structures, and disturbances in molecular systems in such circuitry. An evolutionary perspective suggests that attenuation of emotional responses, mediated by deactivation of limbic structures, may sometimes be advantageous in response to inescapable stress.

Age-Related Effects on Interoceptive Accuracy, General Interoceptive Sensibility, and Specific Interoceptive Sensibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nusser ◽  
O. Pollatos ◽  
D. Zimprich
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Physical Diseases ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
Subjective Belief

Abstract. Background: The current research into interoception distinguishes between interoceptive accuracy (IAcc), the accurate detection of internal sensations (e.g., heartbeats) as measured by performance on objective IAcc tasks, and interoceptive sensibility (IS), the subjective belief concerning one’s own experience of internal sensations as measured either through self-report questionnaires or through one’s confidence in the accuracy during an IAcc task. Aims: As the two measures of IS, however, are usually uncorrelated and show differential relationships to IAcc, we suggest different types of IS, a general IS and a specific IS. Further, based on a growing body of research linking IAcc and IS to physical and mental diseases, the development of interoception across the adult lifespan is of importance. Methods: Using Structural Equation Modeling the present paper investigates the relationships among IAcc assessed by a heartbeat counting task, and the two proposed dimensions of IS in 138 participants ( Mage = 42.67, SDage = 18.77). Furthermore, we examine age-related differences in IAcc, as well as in general and specific IS. Results: In terms of the relationship between the three dimensions, general and specific IS were weakly correlated and exhibited different relationships to IAcc. Further, we found different age effects on the three interoceptive dimensions. Whereas IAcc decreased with age, specific IS tend to increase with age, and general IS remained unaffected by age. Conclusion: The findings provide further empirical support for a dissociation between general and specific IS and raised important questions concerning the relation between interoceptive accuracy and the emergence of physical diseases in older age.

scholarly journals Empathy Measurement in Autistic and Nonautistic Adults: A COSMIN Systematic Literature Review

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112096456
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Harrison ◽  
Charlotte L. Brownlow ◽  
Michael J. Ireland ◽  
Adina M. Piovesana
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Psychometric Quality

Empathy is essential for social functioning and is relevant to a host of clinical conditions. This COSMIN review evaluated the empirical support for empathy self-report measures used with autistic and nonautistic adults. Given autism is characterized by social differences, it is the subject of a substantial proportion of empathy research. Therefore, this review uses autism as a lens through which to scrutinize the psychometric quality of empathy measures. Of the 19 measures identified, five demonstrated “High-Quality” evidence for “Insufficient” properties and cannot be recommended. The remaining 14 had noteworthy gaps in evidence and require further evaluation before use with either group. Without tests of measurement invariance or differential item functioning, the extent to which observed group differences represent actual trait differences remains unknown. Using autism as a test case highlights an alarming tendency for empathy measures to be used to characterize, and potentially malign vulnerable populations before sufficient validation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document