Emotion Generation, Regulation, and Dysregulation as Multilevel Transdiagnostic Constructs

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-97
Author(s):  
Sheila E. Crowell ◽  
Robert D. Vlisides-Henry ◽  
Parisa R. Kaliush
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Emotion Generation ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Points Of View

Emotion generation, regulation, and dysregulation are complex constructs that are challenging to define and measure. This chapter reviews prevailing definitions and theories of these constructs and examines the literature across multiple levels of analysis. It adopts a developmental perspective, which guides interpretation of the literature and helps clarify discrepant points of view. The extent to which emotion generation and regulation are separable represents a significant controversy in the field. When viewed as cognitive constructs, it is virtually impossible to disentangle emotion generation and regulation. However, at the biological level, there are important differences in neural structures involved in bottom-up emotion generation processes versus those associated with top-down regulation of emotions. From a developmental perspective, emotions and emotion dysregulation emerge early in life, whereas emotion regulation strategies develop more gradually as a function of maturation and socialization. Future research should continue to reconcile different perspectives on emotion generation, regulation, and dysregulation.

Cognitive Processes and Risk for Emotion Dysregulation

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-139
Author(s):  
Hooria Jazaieri ◽  
Helen Uusberg ◽  
Andero Uusberg ◽  
James J. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Emotion Generation ◽  
Key Terms

This chapter examines cognitive processes that underlie the development of emotion dysregulation. It first introduces and defines key terms including emotion, emotion regulation, and emotion dysregulation. It then introduces the authors’ theoretical perspective, the extended process model of emotion regulation, which considers emotion generation and emotion regulation as valuation systems, and describes core regulation processes, including regulation strategies. Next, using the extended process model of emotion regulation as the guiding framework, the chapter discusses how emotion dysregulation may occur during the identification, selection, implementation, and monitoring stages. The chapter concludes by considering unresolved controversies and suggests several exciting avenues for future research across basic and applied domains.

Event-Related Potentials and Emotion Dysregulation

2018 ◽  
pp. 165-181
Author(s):  
Brittany C. Speed ◽  
Greg Hajcak
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Emotion dysregulation is a common feature of many psychological disorders. To date, however, most research evaluating emotion regulation has been limited to self-report assessments. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are well suited to disentangle discrete aspects of emotional processing that are critical to understanding both healthy and aberrant emotional functioning. This chapter focuses on a particular ERP component, the late positive potential (LPP), and reviews evidence that the LPP is modulated by emotional content and is sensitive to various emotion regulation strategies. Next, studies leveraging the LPP to examine individual differences in emotional processing in the context of psychopathology are reviewed. Finally, this chapter discusses methodological limitations of past research and current gaps in our understanding, including suggestions for future research using ERPs to study emotion dysregulation.

Genes, brain and emotions: Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Andrei C Miu ◽  
Judith R Homberg ◽  
Klaus-Peter Lesch
Keyword(s):  
Translational Research ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Clinical And Translational Research

Recent research has started to uncover genetic influences on emotion and intermediate neural phenotypes. This work has involved an extensive array of methods and developed at the intersection of psychology, genetics, and neuroscience. The aim of this volume is to offer a comprehensive account of current research on the genetics of emotion, including methods focused on multiple levels of analysis; cognitive and biological mechanisms involved in the pathways between genes and emotional experience; and clinical and translational research on the genetics of emotion dysregulation in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Resilience in developing systems: Progress and promise as the fourth wave rises

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 921-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann S. Masten
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Levels Of Functioning ◽  
Fourth Wave

Perspectives based on the first three waves of resilience research are discussed with the goal of informing the fourth wave of work, which is characterized by a focus on multilevel analysis and the dynamics of adaptation and change. Resilience is defined as a broad systems construct, referring to the capacity of dynamic systems to withstand or recover from significant disturbances. As the systems perspective on resilience builds strength and technologies of measuring and analyzing multiple levels of functioning and their interactions improve, it is becoming feasible to study gene–environment interactions, the development of adaptive systems and their role in resilience, and to conduct experiments to foster resilience or reprogram the fundamental adaptive systems that protect development in the context of adversity. Hot spots for future research to study and integrate multiple levels of analysis are delineated on the basis of evidence gleaned from the first waves of resilience research.

scholarly journals Link between History of Childhood Maltreatment and Emotion Dysregulation in Adults Suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder or Borderline Personality Disorder

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1469
Author(s):  
Eva Rüfenacht ◽  
Eléonore Pham ◽  
Rosetta Nicastro ◽  
Karen Dieben ◽  
Roland Hasler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Reactivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

Childhood maltreatment (CM) may have a long-term effect on emotion regulation. This study aimed to explore the relationship between CM and emotion dysregulation (ED) in a heterogeneous population. Four hundred seventy French-speaking outpatients (N = 279 ADHD, N = 70 BPD, N = 60 ADHD + BPD, N = 61 clinical controls) completed the Emotion Reactivity Scale (ERS), the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ). Reports of childhood maltreatment experiences were significantly associated with increased levels of emotion reactivity in all our groups and in the whole population, with a greater use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and insecure attachment patterns. Emotional abuse showed the strongest effect. Further analysis indicated that an anxious attachment style significantly mediated the relationship between CM and the use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotion reactivity. The results of our study suggest an impact of CM on ED and a potentially marked effect of emotional abuse. They also indicate a potentially mediating role of insecure attachment in the relationship between a history of childhood abuse and emotion reactivity and a higher use of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in adulthood.

scholarly journals The role of emotion regulation in eating disorders: a network meta-analysis approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Leppanen ◽  
Dalia Brown ◽  
Hannah McLinden ◽  
Kate Tchanturia ◽  
Steven Williams
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Target Emotion ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Low Bmi ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Background: Previous theoretical models and reviews have documented a strong connection between emotion dysregulation eating disorder (ED) psychopathology among the general and clinical populations. The aim of this review was to build on this previous work by conducting a network meta-analysis to explore associations between specific emotion regulation strategies and ED psychopathology trans-diagnostically across the ED spectrum to identify areas of emotion dysregulation that have the strongest association with symptomatology.Methodology: A total of 105 studies were included in the meta-analysis and correlation coefficient representing the associations between specific emotion regulation strategies and ED symptomatology were extracted. We ran a Bayesian random effects network meta-analysis and the initial network was well connected with each emotion regulation strategy being linked to at least one other strategy. We also conducted a network meta-regression to explore whether between-study differences in body mass index (BMI), age, and whether the sample consisted of solely female participants explained any possible network inconsistency. Results: The network meta-analysis revealed that ruminations and non-acceptance of emotions were most closely associated with ED psychopathology. There was no significant network inconsistency but two comparisons approached significance and thus meta-regressions were conducted. The meta-regressions revealed a significant effect of BMI such that the associations between different emotion regulation strategies and ED symptomatology were weaker among those with low BMI. Discussion: The present findings build on previous work and highlight the role of rumination and difficulties with accepting emotions as key emotion regulation difficulties in EDs. Additionally, the finding that the associations were weaker among ED patients with low BMI may point towards a complex relationship between ED behaviours and emotion regulation. Taken together, our findings call for interventions that target emotion regulation, specifically rumination and difficulties accepting emotions, in the treatment of EDs.

The costs and benefits of dampening of positive affect in youth

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Estee M. Hausman
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Mental Health Clinics ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Regulation Strategies

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] The main goals of the current study were to a) extend the literature on dampening, or positive emotion regulation strategies, affective, cognitive, and behavioral, used to decrease the frequency, intensity, or duration of PA, in youth by examining correlates of dampening and b) investigate the conditions under which youths' dampening may be adaptive and maladaptive personally and socially for youth. In order to accomplish this goal, it was first necessary to develop a measure of dampening situationally; thus, development and validation of a new self-report measure of dampening (i.e., the Children's Responses to Everyday Positive Events; CREPE) was a preliminary goal of this study as well. The CREPE was investigated in a sample of typically developing youth, ages 12-15 (N=137). Participants were recruited through paper flyers posted at public libraries, cafes, and mental health clinics in the Central Missouri community and electronic flyers posted on Craigslist and sent through school and university newsletters. Youth completed measures of positive emotion regulation strategies, affect, anxiety, depression, externalizing symptoms, social competence, and life satisfaction in an online survey. Results indicated that youth dampen both cognitively and behaviorally consistently across situations, both of which are maladaptive, not adaptive. However, cognitive, not behavioral, dampening added to the prediction of higher depression. Sex differences in dampening and in its relationships to depression were also explored. Implications for future research and for intervention targeting dampening are discussed.

Succession in Family Business: A Review of the Research

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy C. Handler
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Succession In Family Business

This paper reviews the research to date on succession in the field of family business management. Five streams of research are highlighted: (1) succession as a process, (2) the role of the founder, (3) the perspective of the next generation, (4) multiple levels of analysis, and (5) characteristics of effective successions. Gaps in the literature and future research directions are also presented.

scholarly journals Association between Emotion Dysregulation and Distinct Groups of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Taiwanese Female Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3361
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Chun
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Regulation Strategies

Background: Previous studies revealed that female adolescents are more likely than males to engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) to regulate negative emotions; however, the dimensions of emotion regulation that are associated with NSSI behavior in adolescents require further examination. The present study aimed to identify Taiwanese female adolescent clusters with NSSI engagement frequency and to evaluate the association of specific forms of emotion dysregulation with NSSI. Methods: The participants were 438 female adolescents (mean age = 15.23 years, SD = 1.24, range between 13 and 18) recruited from 11 high schools. Self-report questionnaires assessing NSSI, difficulties in emotion regulation, and positive and negative affect were administered, and 37% of respondents reported a history of NSSI. Results: The analysis of NSSI frequency yielded three groups: severe, moderate, and non-NSSI. High negative affect, low positive affect, and difficulties in all aspects of emotion regulation differentiated female adolescents in the severe NSSI group from their counterparts in the non-NSSI group. The moderate and severe NSSI groups were further distinguished by age of onset, negative affect, emotion regulation strategies, and impulse control. Adolescents classified in the severe group reported earlier onset of NSSI, higher negative affect, less emotion regulation strategies, and more difficulty with impulse control. Conclusions: The results indicate that assessments of NSSI and emotion regulation should be incorporated in youth mental health screening. The clinical implications of NSSI behavior intervention require further discussion.

scholarly journals Emotional Dysregulation Symptoms Based on Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward and Intensity Mediated by Emotion Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Mitra Aghajani ◽  
◽  
Mahshid Izadi ◽  
Noorali Farrokhi ◽  
Fariba Hassani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sensitivity To Punishment ◽  
High Comorbidity

Objective: The emotion dysregulation model by Mennin and Fresco considers the high comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder and pays special attention to their comorbidity. Additionally, due to the high comorbidity of social anxiety disorder as well as anxiety and mood disorders, this disorder was considered along with the last two disorders. This study aimed to assess a Conceptual Model of Emotional Dysregulation Symptoms Based on Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward and Intensity of Positive and Negative Emotions Mediated by Emotion Regulation Strategies in Students. Methods: In total, 189 students affiliated with the Sharif University were selected by random sampling method. Then, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM), the Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Attention Control Scale (ATTC), the Experiences Questionnaire (EQ), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire (RPA) were distributed among them to collect the necessary data. The obtained data were analyzed by LISREL using structural equation modeling. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient data indicated a significant relationship between motivation components, positive and negative emotion regulation strategies, and the symptoms of emotion dysregulation. The results showed that the conceptual model of the research fitted with the collected data; accordingly, the positive and negative strategies of emotion regulation mediated the relationship between motivation and the symptoms of emotion dysregulation. Conclusion: The present research results supported the main hypothesis of the study. Thus, positive and negative emotion regulation strategies mediated the relationship between sensitivity to punishment and reward and the intensity of positive and negative emotion with the symptoms of emotion dysregulation.

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