The Proteomics and Metabolomics of Pain

2018 ◽  
pp. 850-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gomez-Varela ◽  
Manuela Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Pain Medicine ◽  
Disease Networks ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Definition Of

This article critically discusses the opportunities and challenges of proteomics and metabolomics in the context of pain research and clinical practice. Painful pathologies are extremely complex and often inadequately managed. In order to significantly improve therapeutic options of pain syndromes, a system-wide analysis of the underlying mechanisms is fundamental. To this end, the article highlights the potential of firmly integrating proteomics and metabolomics into the pain researcher’s toolbox. The article introduces technological aspects of mass spectrometry and also associated stumbling blocks for its standardization in clinical research. Lastly, it outlines the path towards personalized systems pain medicine via the definition of pain phenomes—from multilayered molecular data to phenotypical profiles and integrated analysis of disease networks.

scholarly journals Dishonesty, Misconduct and Fraud in Clinical Research: An International Problem

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
SI Ankier
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Unfair Advantage ◽  
Definition Of

Clinical research misdemeanours include a broad spectrum of misdeeds that misappropriate an unfair advantage or harm the rights of others. There is no internationally accepted definition of such malpractices and no generalized procedure to facilitate their reporting or correction. Those who do report research misdemeanours are often stigmatized as ‘whistleblowers’, a term that has acquired many negative connotations. Frequently, whistleblowers encounter many personal conflicts and/or may suffer victimization in their working environment. There remains a need for an internationally harmonized approach to manage these unacceptable problems. Resolution of such important issues should be catalysed by the impending need for European Union states to implement Good Clinical Practice Directive 2001/20/EC into national law.

scholarly journals Recent advances in dysphagia management

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Triggs ◽  
John Pandolfino
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Esophageal Motility ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Food Impaction ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology ◽  
Clinical Algorithms

The literal definition of dysphagia is “disturbed eating”. However, it is more accurately described in clinical practice as a sensation of food or liquid being stuck in the esophagus or chest. If this sensation is associated with pain, it is labeled odynophagia, and if it is associated with persistent obstruction and bolus retention, it is categorized as a food impaction. Through research and technological advances, we continue to expand our understanding of the etiologies and underlying pathophysiology relating to this complaint. However, for now, our clinical algorithms focus on endoscopy and manometry to break down dysphagia into three categories: obstructive dysphagia, esophageal motility disorders, and functional dysphagia. Here, we review some critical pitfalls in our current clinical diagnoses, new proposed underlying mechanisms of esophageal motor disorders, and developing technologies to aid in diagnosis and treatment.

Proteomics of Human Milk: Definition of a Discovery Workflow for Clinical Research Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Dayon ◽  
Charlotte Macron ◽  
Sabine Lahrichi ◽  
Antonio Núñez Galindo ◽  
Michael Affolter
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Research Studies

Confirming neuropathic pain in cancer patients: Applying the NeuPSIG grading system in clinical practice and clinical research

Pain ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Mulvey ◽  
Roman Rolke ◽  
Pål Klepstad ◽  
Augusto Caraceni ◽  
Marie Fallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Grading System

scholarly journals Metabolomic and Genetic Analysis of Biomarkers for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Expression and Activation

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2136-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueying Zhen ◽  
Kristopher W. Krausz ◽  
Chi Chen ◽  
Jeffrey R. Idle ◽  
Frank J. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Urinary Biomarkers ◽  
Xanthurenic Acid ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor with manifold effects on intermediary metabolism. To define a set of urinary biomarkers that could be used to determine the efficacy of PPARα agonists, a metabolomic investigation was undertaken in wild-type and Pparα-null mice fed for 2 wk either a regular diet or a diet containing the PPARα ligand Wy-14,643 ([4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio] acetic acid), and their urine was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal components analysis of 6393 accurate mass positive ions revealed clustering as a single phenotype of the treated and untreated Pparα (−/−) mice plus two additional discrete phenotypes for the treated and untreated Pparα (+/+) mice. Biomarkers of PPARα activation were identified from their accurate masses and confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry of authentic compounds. Biomarkers were quantitated from raw chromatographic data using appropriate calibration curves. PPARα urinary biomarkers highly statistically significantly elevated by Wy-14,643 treatment included 11β-hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-21-oic acid (>3700-fold), 11β,20-dihydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-en-21-oic acid (50-fold), nicotinamide (>2-fold), nicotinamide 1-oxide (5-fold), 1-methylnicotinamide (1.5-fold), hippuric acid (2-fold), and 2,8-dihydroxyquinoline-β-d-glucuronide (3-fold). PPARα urinary biomarkers highly statistically significantly attenuated by Wy-14,643 treatment included xanthurenic acid (1.3-fold), hexanoylglycine (20-fold), phenylpropionylglycine (4-fold), and cinnamoylglycine (9-fold). These biomarkers arise from PPARα effects on tryptophan, corticosterone, and fatty acid metabolism and on glucuronidation. This study underscores the power of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics combined with genetically modified mice in the definition of monogenic metabolic phenotypes.

Emotion Dysregulation: A Review of the Concept and Implications for Clinical Practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S528-S529
Author(s):  
A. D’Agostino ◽  
S. Covanti ◽  
M. Rossi Monti ◽  
V. Starcevic
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Expression Of Emotions ◽  
Psychology Literature ◽  
Definition Of

IntroductionOver the past decade, emotion dysregulation has become a very popular term in the psychiatric and clinical psychology literature and it has been described as a key component in a range of mental disorders. For this reason, it has been recently called the “hallmark of psychopathology” (Beauchaine et al., 2007). However, many issues make this concept controversial.ObjectivesTo explore emotion dysregulation, focusing on problems related to its definition, meanings and role in many psychiatric disorders.AimsTo clarify the psychopathological core of emotion dysregulation and to discuss potential implications for clinical practice.MethodsA literature review was carried out by examining articles published in English between January 2003 and June 2015. A search of the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Medline, EMBASE and Google Scholar was performed to identify the relevant papers.ResultsAlthough, there is no agreement about the definition of emotion dysregulation, the following five overlapping, not mutually exclusive dimensions were identified: decreased emotional awareness, inadequate emotional reactivity, intense experience and expression of emotions, emotional rigidity and cognitive reappraisal difficulty. These dimensions characterise a number of psychiatric disorders in different proportions, with borderline personality disorder and eating disorders seemingly more affected than other conditions.ConclusionsThis review highlights a discrepancy between the widespread clinical use of emotion dysregulation and inadequate conceptual status of this construct. Better understanding of the various dimensions of emotion dysregulation has implications for treatment. Future research needs to address emotion dysregulation in all its multifaceted complexity.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Facets of Cultural Competence

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 842-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Suzuki ◽  
Mary B. McRae ◽  
Ellen L. Short
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Counseling Psychology ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Current Clinical Practice ◽  
Multidimensional Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Innovative Thinking ◽  
Definition Of

Sue’s proposed model is based on a critique of the Eurocentric assumptions underlying current clinical practice and reflects his innovative thinking and unique synthesis of past research. The specific areas addressed in this article focus on an examination of the multidimensional model of cultural competence (MDCC) and issues related to the definition of competence and its measurement. Areas of needed elaboration in the model include complexities related to power hierarchies (i.e., authority, authorization, and leadership) and implications for training and practice. Particular emphasis is placed on the complexities of cultural competence and the important contributions of Sue’s MDCC as an important step in making cultural competence a reality in the practice of counseling psychology.

Collaborative Research: Once More Into the Breach

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-511
Author(s):  
EVAN CHARNEY
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Organ System ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
Narrow Focus ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Practice Based Research

In this issue, Christoffel and associates1 described a new program of practice-based research involving community pediatricians and the Department of Pediatrics at Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago. In one sense, all clinical research is practice based and has a long and honorable history in medicine. What has changed is that the gap between those who conduct research and those in clinical practice has widened. As the pathophysiology of diseases is better understood, the frontier of biomedical science has moved from the whole patient to the organ system, the cell, and, now, the molecular level. It is as if each generation of researchers has snapped a progressively higher power lens under the microscope, with a deeper but more narrow focus.

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