Islam and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina R. Platas
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Colonial Legacies ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Development Trajectories

The world’s fastest-growing Muslim population resides in sub-Saharan Africa, a region that experiences the lowest levels of economic and human development globally. This chapter shows that Muslims in Africa often experience worse development outcomes than Christians. Across countries, Muslim majority countries are on average poorer, with higher levels of child mortality and lower levels of education, than countries where Muslims are a minority. Within countries, Muslims have fewer years of education than Christians, and experience higher rates of child mortality in a number of countries as well. The chapter discusses three channels through which religion may matter in explaining these divergent development trajectories: institutions, norms and beliefs, and geography. There is evidence of a role for both institutions and norms and beliefs in explaining gaps in development outcomes between Christians and Muslims. However, it is not necessarily the religious content of institutions or beliefs that matters. Colonial legacies that differ across Muslim and non-Muslim areas and the historical role of Christian missionaries in providing social services in Africa are among the factors that also appear to affect long-term development trajectories.

scholarly journals The Subsidiarity Arrangement of Global Governance and Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Grace Li
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Sub Saharan

In the post-Cold War realm of international relations, the United Nations is "overheating," overburdened by the demands of their expanded operations, in part due to its massive expansion of membership since conception, which has grown to include several developing nations. Specifically, in the realm of international sustainable development, this expansion has drastically increased the scope of UN objectives responsibilities. What we learned from the period of the 1990s, is that the “Washington Consensus” series of macroeconomic policy recommendations anchored around the mantra “stabilize, privatize, and liberalize,” which had failed to adequately instill sustainable long-term growth in Sub-Saharan African, is that this narrow field of market-oriented reforms could not uniformly solve issues of development across the world. Attempts to copy-paste policy reforms from one country often failed, and precisely this observation entails the application of subsidiarity. This paper employs a qualitative methodology to investigate the potential role of a subsidiarity arrangement in easing the burden on the UN system, through a global division of labour across local, regional, and international levels of governance, in studying sustainable development and poverty eradication efforts in sub-Saharan Africa.   

scholarly journals The Crucial Role of Mothers and Siblings in Child Survival: Evidence From 29 Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1687-1713
Author(s):  
Philippe Bocquier ◽  
Carren Ginsburg ◽  
Ashira Menashe-Oren ◽  
Yacouba Compaoré ◽  
Mark Collinson
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Demographic Surveillance Systems ◽  
Older Sibling

Abstract A considerable body of research has studied the effects of siblings on child mortality through birth intervals. This research has commonly focused on older siblings. We argue that birth intervals with younger siblings may have equal or stronger effects on child mortality, even during a mother's pregnancy. Moreover, we contend that birth interval effects need to be considered only when siblings are coresident. Using longitudinal data from 29 Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems across sub-Saharan Africa, covering more than 560,000 children, we examine the proximate role of siblings and mothers in child mortality. We find that a birth interval of 24 months or more is advantageous for both older and younger siblings. The effect of a younger sibling on child mortality is more pronounced than that of an older sibling and adds to the effect of an older sibling. Moreover, child mortality is particularly low during a mother's subsequent pregnancy, contrasting the shock resulting from a younger sibling's birth. Further, we find that a mother's or sibling's absence from the household results in a higher risk of mortality, and the death of either reduces child survival up to six months before the death.

Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Female Rural to Urban Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brockerhoff ◽  
Hongsook Eu
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Female Migration ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Sub Saharan

Data from eight recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in sub-Saharan Africa are used to assess whether fertility, child mortality and other individual-level characteristics motivate or constrain long-term female migration from rural to urban and other rural areas. Findings indicate that the likelihood of rural-urban and rural-rural migration is lowered in most countries when the woman has had two or more recent births, but not when she has had only one birth. Child mortality experience moderately reduces the risk of migration in most countries. The likelihood of rural-urban migration is greatly increased when the woman has attended school, is not married, is in her twenties, or does not belong to the largest ethnic group.

scholarly journals Agriculture and Food Security in Mozambique

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Ferrão ◽  
Victoria Bell ◽  
Luis Alfaro Cardoso ◽  
Tito Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
General Wellbeing

The objective of this short review is to contribute to the debate on the role of agriculture transformation in the development process and as an engine to reduce poverty and improve general wellbeing through better access to nutrients in Mozambique. Agricultural services are organized by Provinces but still there is no accurate data on food production, consumption and trade trends in a large sample. It is recognized the complexity of the food security concept and the need of a multidimensional definition and approach. The increase in agricultural productivity can probably be seen as a necessary but not a sufficient condition to achieve long term food security in Mozambique or Sub-Saharan Africa.  Competing views about the relevance of agriculture for growth and development imply different policy priorities in Africa.

Sovereign Wealth Funds and Long-Term Investments in Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boubacar Diallo ◽  
Fulbert Tchana Tchana ◽  
Albert G. Zeufack
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
Sub Saharan

Managing African Urbanization in the Context of Environmental Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaib Lwasa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
Development And Management

Africa’s urbanization rate has increased steadily over the past three decades and is reported to be faster than in any other region in the world . It is estimated that by 2030, over half of the African population will be living in urban areas . But the nature of Africa’s urbanization and subsequent form of cities is yet to be critically analyzed in the context of city authorities’ readiness to address the challenges . Evidence is also suggesting that urbanization in African countries is increasingly associated with the high economic growth that has been observed in the last two decades . Both underlying and proximate drivers are responsible for the urbanization, and these include population dynamics, economic growth, legislative designation, increasing densities in rural centers, as well as the growth of mega cities such as Lagos, Cairo and Kinshasa, that are extending to form urban corridors . With the opportunities of urbanization in Sub–Saharan Africa, there are also challenges in the development and management of these cities . Those challenges include provision of social services, sustainable economic development, housing development, urban governance, spatial development guidance and environmental management, climate change adaptation, mitigation and disaster risk reduction . The challenge involves dealing with the development and infrastructure deficit, in addition to required adaption to and mitigation of climate change . This paper examines the current state of urban management in Africa .

Financing Energy Access in Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kayode Oniemola ◽  
Jane Ezirigwe
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Diesel Motors

To achieve universal energy access will attract huge capital investments. If sub-Saharan Africa is to realize anything close to the ambitious goals set for its energy access, then new actors, innovative funding mechanisms and sustainable technologies will have to be attracted. Finance is needed for activities such as rural electrification, clean cooking facilities, diesel motors and generators, other renewable energy technologies, oil and gas infrastructures, etc. Finance is also needed in research and development of suitable technologies and funding options as well as investment in the capacity to formulate and implement sound energy policies. This chapter examines the varied financing options for energy access in sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that with appropriate laws in place and effective mechanism for implementation, African countries can significantly engage private sector financing, international financial institutions and foreign donors. The role of the law here will be in creating an enabling environment for financing.

Human Development Paradigm for South Asia

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The People ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Development Paradigm

In the chapter, Haq gives a snapshot of the human progress of South Asia, comparing it with other regions. He was worried about the region beginning to lag behind all other regions, including Sub-Saharan Africa. He highlights the role of the two largest economies in the region, India and Pakistan, in financing the major investment in education, health and nutrition for the people. Haq advocates some fiscal and monetary reforms are suggested to invest in human development.

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