Joint Action and 4E Cognition

2018 ◽  
pp. 260-280
Author(s):  
Torstein T. Tollefsen ◽  
Rick Dale
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Cognitive Anthropology ◽  
Low Level ◽  
4E Cognition ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Way

Over past thirty years there has been an increased interest in studying joint action across a number of different disciplines including psychology, sociology, cognitive anthropology, cognitive science, and philosophy. In this chapter we canvas recent philosophical and empirical research on joint action. Along the way we highlight embedded, embodied, extended, and enactive approaches and the challenges they pose for more orthodox approaches to joint action. We propose an ecumenical approach to the study of joint action. The cognitive science of joint action will have to integrate both high-level and low-level approaches across a variety of disciplines, including experimental psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy. A single unitary account is unlikely to capture the nuanced and complex nature of joint action. Instead, we argue that we should seek a better understanding of how various accounts coalesce into a tapestry of explanatory tools.

scholarly journals Dynamics of most important fungal diseases of strawberries in Croatia and suggestions for integrated control

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 689-691
Author(s):  
T. Miličević ◽  
B. Cvjetković ◽  
S. Topolovec-Pintarić
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mycosphaerella Fragariae ◽  
The Way

During trials (1998–2001) in the strawberry’s plantation of the cv. Marmolade we monitored the appearance of the most important fungal diseases, their biology and possibilities of integrated control. Monitoring the biology of the determined fungi we established the way of overwintering, appearance of fruiting bodies and discharging of spores as well as beginning of primary infection and first symptoms of the following fungi: Mycosphaerella fragariae, Diplocarpon earliana, Gnomonia comari, Phomopsis obscurans on leaves and Botrytis cinerea on fruits. While checking the efficacy of fungicides, those most effecting to leaf diseases were Folicur Multi and Quadris, and on B. cinerea Switch and Teldor. Testing the resistance on botryticides the fungus B. cinerea showed low level of resistance to anilinopyrimidines and phenilsulfamides and high level to dicarboximides.

scholarly journals Motor coordination and strategic cooperation in joint action

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solène LE BARS
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Strategic Processes ◽  
Strategic Cooperation ◽  
Joint Agency ◽  
High Level ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours ◽  
Different Levels

Naturalistic joint action usually requires both motor coordination and strategic cooperation. However, these two fundamental processes have systematically been studied independently. We devised a novel collaborative task, combining different levels of motor noise with different levels of strategic noise, to determine whether sense of agency (the experience of control over an action) reflects the interplay between these low-level (motor) and high-level (strategic) processes. We also examined how dominance in motor control could influence prosocial behaviours. We found that self-agency was particularly dependent on motor cues while joint agency was particularly dependent on strategic cues. We suggest that the prime importance of strategic cues for joint agency reflects the co-representation of co-agents’ interests during the task. Furthermore, we observed a reduction of prosocial strategies in agents who exerted a dominant motor control over the joint action, showing that the strategic dimension of human interactions is also reliant on low-level motor features.

scholarly journals Carruthers and Constitutive Self-Knowledge

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
John C. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Constitutive Theory ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Self Knowledge

In his recent book, The Opacity of Mind, Peter Carruthers advances a skeptical theory of self-knowledge, integrating results from experimental psychology and cognitive science.1 In this essay, I want to suggest that the situation is not quite as dire as Carruthers makes it out to be. I respond to Carruthers by advancing a constitutive theory of self-knowledge. I argue that self-knowledge, so understood, is not only compatible with the empirical research that Carruthers utilizes, but also helps to make sense of these results.

The issue of conscious and non-conscious in the light of experimental psychology and cognitive science

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-74
Author(s):  
Csaba Pléh
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Experimental Psychology

A dolgozat a tudat tulajdonságaiból indul ki (beszámoló képesség, élénkség, egységesség, koherencia), majd először az 1960-as években tekinti át a tudat iránt megindult érdeklődés első szakaszait, olyan jelenségekre összpontosítva, mint a verbális kondicionálás, az éberségi kontinuum, a hasítottagy-kísérletek, a tudat és a prefrontális működések kapcsolata. Azután áttekinti a mai természettudományos szemléletű tudatkutatás néhány vezető kérdését. Ilyenek a tudat neurobiológiai megfelelőinek keresése, az agykérgi helyektől (prefrontális rendszerek) a sajátos működésmódokig (gamma oszcilláció) s a tudatzavarok kérdéséig. Miközben egyre többet tudunk a tudatról, nem szabad felednünk, hogy számos kísérleti pszichológiai megfigyelés (előfeszítés, kétértelműségi aktiváció, figyelmi vakság) is arra mutat, hogy igen összetett jelenséggel van dolgunk, például szemantikai alapú viselkedéseink sem mindig hozzáférhetőek a tudatosság számára.

Teknik Data Mining Dalam Clustering Produksi Susu Segar Di Indonesia Dengan Algoritma K-Means

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Ilham Safitra Damanik ◽  
Sundari Retno Andani ◽  
Dedi Sehendro
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Data Mining Techniques ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Cluster

Milk is an important intake to meet nutritional needs. Both consumed by children, and adults. Indonesia has many producers of fresh milk, but it is not sufficient for national milk needs. Data mining is a science in the field of computers that is widely used in research. one of the data mining techniques is Clustering. Clustering is a method by grouping data. The Clustering method will be more optimal if you use a lot of data. Data to be used are provincial data in Indonesia from 2000 to 2017 obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The results of this study are in Clusters based on 2 milk-producing groups, namely high-dairy producers and low-milk producing regions. From 27 data on fresh milk production in Indonesia, two high-level provinces can be obtained, namely: West Java and East Java. And 25 others were added in 7 provinces which did not follow the calculation of the K-Means Clustering Algorithm, including in the low level cluster.

COVID-19 Outbreak Prediction with Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Faizollahzadeh Ardabili ◽  
Amir Mosavi ◽  
Pedram Ghamisi ◽  
Filip Ferdinand ◽  
Annamaria R. Varkonyi-Koczy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Standard Models ◽  
High Level

Several outbreak prediction models for COVID-19 are being used by officials around the world to make informed-decisions and enforce relevant control measures. Among the standard models for COVID-19 global pandemic prediction, simple epidemiological and statistical models have received more attention by authorities, and they are popular in the media. Due to a high level of uncertainty and lack of essential data, standard models have shown low accuracy for long-term prediction. Although the literature includes several attempts to address this issue, the essential generalization and robustness abilities of existing models needs to be improved. This paper presents a comparative analysis of machine learning and soft computing models to predict the COVID-19 outbreak as an alternative to SIR and SEIR models. Among a wide range of machine learning models investigated, two models showed promising results (i.e., multi-layered perceptron, MLP, and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system, ANFIS). Based on the results reported here, and due to the highly complex nature of the COVID-19 outbreak and variation in its behavior from nation-to-nation, this study suggests machine learning as an effective tool to model the outbreak. This paper provides an initial benchmarking to demonstrate the potential of machine learning for future research. Paper further suggests that real novelty in outbreak prediction can be realized through integrating machine learning and SEIR models.

Determinants of Abuse of the Bodies of the Dead

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Margarita Khomyakova
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
High Level

The author analyzes definitions of the concepts of determinants of crime given by various scientists and offers her definition. In this study, determinants of crime are understood as a set of its causes, the circumstances that contribute committing them, as well as the dynamics of crime. It is noted that the Russian legislator in Article 244 of the Criminal Code defines the object of this criminal assault as public morality. Despite the use of evaluative concepts both in the disposition of this norm and in determining the specific object of a given crime, the position of criminologists is unequivocal: crimes of this kind are immoral and are in irreconcilable conflict with generally accepted moral and legal norms. In the paper, some views are considered with regard to making value judgments which could hardly apply to legal norms. According to the author, the reasons for abuse of the bodies of the dead include economic problems of the subject of a crime, a low level of culture and legal awareness; this list is not exhaustive. The main circumstances that contribute committing abuse of the bodies of the dead and their burial places are the following: low income and unemployment, low level of criminological prevention, poor maintenance and protection of medical institutions and cemeteries due to underperformance of state and municipal bodies. The list of circumstances is also open-ended. Due to some factors, including a high level of latency, it is not possible to reflect the dynamics of such crimes objectively. At the same time, identification of the determinants of abuse of the bodies of the dead will reduce the number of such crimes.

Methodical approaches to managing economic safety of tourism enterprises

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Leonid Tsubov ◽  
Oresta Shcherban
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
High Level ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Stimulation Control

The set of scientific-methodological tools to secure the mechanism of economic safety management of tourism entrepreneurship is examined as an aggregate of methods, tools, and conceptual activities directed at maintaining the high level of economic safety of tourism entrepreneurship. The features of managing the tourism enterprise and economic safety are analyzed. The basic valuation principles of the reliability and efficiency of the economic safety of the tourism enterprise are determined. The basic tasks of ensuring the economic safety of a small enterprise are outlined. The need to use the integrated approach that secures more opportunities to avoid threats and limits the danger of their emergence is emphasized. The most important principles for securing the economic safety of the tourism enterprise on the microeconomic level are described. Possible practical methods of risk management for the implementation of adopted decisions are proposed. The paper proves the fact that the complex nature of the management of the economic safety of the tourism enterprise and securing the sufficiently efficient management system of detecting and eliminating the threats are provided by the establishment of the management of the economic safety system of the tourism enterprise and its functional components. Research of the methodical approaches to the management of the tourism enterprises’ economic safety allows building and describing the functional structure of the mechanism of management of the tourist enterprise’s economic safety (it is formalized and described by 5 functions: determination of aims; planning; organization and adjusting; motivation and stimulation; control and monitoring).

Minds, Machines, and Giving a Damn

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Chodat
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Walker Percy ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Partial Success ◽  
The Way

The 1960s saw the triumph of cognitive science over behaviorism. This chapter examines three literary–philosophical objections to this shift: “West Coast” phenomenology, Richard Powers’s Galatea 2.2, and the writings of Walker Percy, the first of the postwar sages featured in this book. For “West Coast” philosophers, cognitive science ignores the way human action is structured by what we “give a damn” about—a sense of significance that orients our actions. Powers’s novel goes a step further: no more than machines do we know what to give a damn about. Percy’s essays and fiction challenge both these positions, asking us to see analogies between the significance we find in language and the significance we find in living a Christian life. Establishing such an analogy is the goal of Percy’s 1971 Love in the Ruins, which seeks to embody—with only partial success—what terms such as “faith” and “community” might mean.

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