Ergativity in Nakh–Daghestanian

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Forker
Keyword(s):  
Language Family ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Person Agreement

This chapter presents an analysis of ergativity and more general alignment in the Nakh-Daghestanian (or East Caucasian) language family. The surveyed constructions are gender and person agreement on verbs, case marking, valency changing operations, imperatives, reflexive and reciprocal constructions, conjunction reduction, complement control and the lexicon. In accordance with previous studies on this topic, I show that the evidence for ergativity is mainly to be found in the morphology. The syntactic alignment shows tendencies towards accusativity or neutral, but clearly no indications for ergative subjects. This is in line with researchers such as Kibrik who describes Nakh-Daghestanian languages as dominated by (semantic) roles.

Case Marking Forms in Indonesian With Reference to Its Translation into English

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
I Wayan Suryasa
Keyword(s):  
Function Words ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Grammatical Relations ◽  
The World

This paper aims at clarifying case marking forms in Indonesian and how the forms are translated into English. Case marking is the mechanisms that involve morphological forms (e.g. affixes or function words (e.g. ad position) which express the semantic roles or grammatical relations of the NPs in the clause (Song, 2001). The discussion of case marking in this paper include possessive marking, transitive and intransitive, Indonesian affixed verb based on noun, active and passive voice. Since there are loads of affixation processes in Indonesian which do not seem exist in English, case marking forms in Indonesian are worth analyzing in terms of how transfer of meaning takes place. Having done the analysis, it is found that case marking form in Indonesian is transformed into another form in English to transfer the meaning. The finding demonstrates clearly that languages in the world have their uniqueness that makes translation a challenging and interesting activity. 

Realigning alignment

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Bernat Bardagil-Mas ◽  
Charlotte Lindenbergh
Keyword(s):  
Language Family ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
The Family ◽  
Analyse Case ◽  
Grammatical Functions

Abstract We analyse case marking in the Jê language family (Brazilian Amazonia) with the new completeness alignment typology proposed by Lindenbergh & Zwart (2017). In contrast with classical alignment typology, the completeness typology first determines whether all grammatical functions participate in a grammatical process (e.g. case marking) and only then determines how these grammatical functions are aligned, adding nine incomplete alignment types to the five types of classical alignment typology. Nine of the ten Jê languages are classified as split-ergative, while Panará is seen as fully ergative, making it a typologically odd language within the family. We show that applying the completeness typology to Jê languages more accurately describes the true variation in case marking patterns across the Jê language family.

scholarly journals Person agreement with inherent case DPs in Chirag Dargwa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Ganenkov
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Nominative Case ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Theta Role ◽  
Syntactic Behavior ◽  
Person Agreement ◽  
Selective Sensitivity ◽  
Inherent Case

AbstractThe article argues that the syntactic behavior of non-absolutive subjects of finite clauses in the Nakh-Daghestanian language Chirag Dargwa is a result of their interaction with two different functional heads in a clause: v and T. Discussing empirical data from Chirag, I present the puzzling behavior of person agreement, which shows selective sensitivity to arguments in the ergative, dative, and genitive cases. The primary evidence comes from the periphrastic causative, which displays some typologically unusual properties in case marking and agreement. I show that the ability to trigger person agreement is not an intrinsic property of ergative, dative, and genitive DPs in Chirag, but rather is endowed to the highest DP in T’s c-command domain over the course of the derivation. I propose that all non-absolutive subjects start out as DPs assigned inherent case and a theta-role by v, and that T further assigns structural nominative case to the DP in Spec,vP, thus making it accessible to φ-probes.

Historical change in reported speech constructions in the Chapacuran family

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Joshua Birchall
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Case Marker ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Further Development

Abstract The reported speech construction found in the Chapacuran language family of South America has undergone a number of changes in the individual languages, such that its uses extend beyond that of merely reporting speech. In many languages, it is used to express the inner states of the reported speaker, and in some cases it is used to express imperfectivity and causation. This paper argues that the future construction in Moré is a further development of the reported speech construction, one that has been reanalyzed as a basic main clause type. The morphosyntactic properties of the source construction explains the divergent inflectional forms, the loss of object indexation, and the innovation of an object case marker in the future construction. This paper provides new insights into the diachronic pathways that can lead to innovative future constructions as well as the origins of a tense-based split in case marking in Moré.

Semantic structure and meaning within agentive nominal compounds: Evidence from French and Swedish

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Nominal Compounds

This study addresses agentive nominal compounds in French and Swedish containing N and V constituents. French has only one such compound, VN, whereas Swedish has at least four, NV-are, NV-a, NV and VN. The study explores the semantic characteristics of their constituents and their semantic structures. Formal aspects are also considered within a lexeme-based morphology. The analysis shows that, although French and Swedish compounds differ formally, they share more or less the same semantics. Their V constituent takes one or more arguments, and their N constituents display several semantic roles. Semantically, the compounds generally denote an Actor of verbs taking two arguments, and the N constituents denote an Undergoer, except in Swedish VN compounds, which denote an entity which fills the same role as that of the N constituent, generally an Actor. Non argumental interpretations, such as Place or Event, are less frequent. In conclusion, the study can have typological value for the semantics of agentive nominal compounds.1

Acceptability Judgments of Double Case-Marking Constructions in Korean

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-113
Author(s):  
Sanghoun Song ◽  
Duk-Ho Jung ◽  
Eunjeong Oh
Keyword(s):  
Case Marking ◽  
Acceptability Judgments

Ergative, antipassive and other verb derivational morphemes in Gaahmg

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Stirtz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Derivational Morphemes ◽  
As If

AbstractGaahmg has ergative traces in a predominately nominative-accusative system. Clauses with object focus demonstrate ergative case marking on postverbal noun and pronoun agents, and an ergative morpheme is also bound to verbs. Other evidence for ergativity is that the ergative morpheme is morphologically and syntactically distinct from the passive morpheme. Ergative morphemes and constructions in Gaahmg are similar to those of other Nilo-Saharan languages, including Luwo, Päri, and Shilluk. The Gaahmg antipassive also resembles that of other Nilo-Saharan languages. Yet, unlike other languages with ergativity and antipassives, Gaahmg readily combines the antipassive with ergative, passive, and causative morphemes in the same verb form. The Gaahmg antipassive occurs in nominative-accusative structures, as well as in object-focus clauses with ergative-absolutive structures. Further, the antipassive co-occurs with the passive, as if both the nominative-accusative and ergative-absolutive structures are simultaneously present in the same clause, and the language is currently shifting from one structure to the other.

scholarly journals Language Family Engineering with Product Lines of Multi-level Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan de Lara ◽  
Esther Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Modelling Languages ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractModelling is an essential activity in software engineering. It typically involves two meta-levels: one includes meta-models that describe modelling languages, and the other contains models built by instantiating those meta-models. Multi-level modelling generalizes this approach by allowing models to span an arbitrary number of meta-levels. A scenario that profits from multi-level modelling is the definition of language families that can be specialized (e.g., for different domains) by successive refinements at subsequent meta-levels, hence promoting language reuse. This enables an open set of variability options given by all possible specializations of the language family. However, multi-level modelling lacks the ability to express closed variability regarding the availability of language primitives or the possibility to opt between alternative primitive realizations. This limits the reuse opportunities of a language family. To improve this situation, we propose a novel combination of product lines with multi-level modelling to cover both open and closed variability. Our proposal is backed by a formal theory that guarantees correctness, enables top-down and bottom-up language variability design, and is implemented atop the MetaDepth multi-level modelling tool.

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