Historical change in reported speech constructions in the Chapacuran family

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Joshua Birchall

Abstract The reported speech construction found in the Chapacuran language family of South America has undergone a number of changes in the individual languages, such that its uses extend beyond that of merely reporting speech. In many languages, it is used to express the inner states of the reported speaker, and in some cases it is used to express imperfectivity and causation. This paper argues that the future construction in Moré is a further development of the reported speech construction, one that has been reanalyzed as a basic main clause type. The morphosyntactic properties of the source construction explains the divergent inflectional forms, the loss of object indexation, and the innovation of an object case marker in the future construction. This paper provides new insights into the diachronic pathways that can lead to innovative future constructions as well as the origins of a tense-based split in case marking in Moré.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-77
Author(s):  
Linda Konnerth

Abstract In a reported intentionality construction, intentionality is expressed as reported speech/thought (‘s/he says/thinks, <I will go>’). The quoted clause must contain a first person form and refer to the future. Reported intentionality displays perspective persistence and an accompanying apparent form-meaning mismatch, as it structurally marks the speech-act participant perspective of the volitional agent despite idiomatically translating only from the perspective of the current speaker. While this construction has been examined in languages around the world, this is the first treatment for the Trans-Himalayan (or Sino-Tibetan/Tibeto-Burman) language family. Monsang (South-Central; Northeast India) is shown to have a reported intentionality construction of the cross-linguistic type. In addition, there is a desiderative construction in the language that does not display perspective persistence but is argued to reconstruct back to a reported intentionality construction. Further evidence from synchronic and diachronic quotative constructions in Monsang is presented that illustrates the prominence of quotative-derived expressions of intentionality in Monsang verbal morphology.


1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
Світлана Заболоцька

Аналізується вплив дорослого на розвиток духовності учнів в навчально-виховному процесі. Охарактеризовано розвиток духовності учнів та різні різні її прояви. Акцентовано увагу на духовній позиції самих вихователів та визначеність їхніх ідеалів, розвиток духовних цінностей, релігійної свідомості та самосвідомості особистості. У статті здійснено ґрунтовний теоретичний аналіз дослідження проблеми особливостей духовного розвитку особистості у сучасній психолого-педагогічній науці. Автором проаналізовано основні аспекти поняття духовності, розглянута його структура та види. Наводиться перелік особистісних характеристик рис людини, які засвідчують міру наявності у неї духовності. Зазначається, що становлення духовності нерозривно пов’язане з саморозвитком, а одиницею аналізу духовності є ціннісні орієнтації особистості. Обґрунтовано значення цієї тематики (проблематики) для духовного розвитку особистості майбутнього педагога. Визначено проблеми та перспективи подальших досліджень розвитку духовності особистості майбутніх педагогів. Influence on adult spiritual development of students in the educational process. The characteristic spiritual development of students and different its various manifestations. The attention to position themselves spiritual teachers and certainty of their ideals, the development of spiritual values, religious consciousness and self-identity. The article presents a detailed analysis of the theoretical study of the problem characteristics of spiritual development of the individual in contemporary psychological and educational science. The author analyzes the main aspects of the concept of spirituality, the structure and types. A list of personal characteristics of the human qualities that show as available in her spirituality. It is noted that the formation of spirituality is inextricably linked to self-development, spirituality and the unit of analysis is the value orientation of the individual. It is proved the importance of this theme (issues) for the spiritual development of the person of the future teacher. Identify the problems and prospects of further development of the research of spirituality of the person of the future teachers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Natalia Rіabinina

At the intersection of the past and the future there is a point of present, which, due to external and internal socio-economic requirements, activates the subject himself. In the interrelational phenomena of economic consciousness, which bears its personal direction and in manifestations of external economic activity of the subject, acting as a regulator, relying on empirical studies of a dialectic nature, one of the main studies of our time is economic behavior. All factors are unifying, coordination or contradictions of economic consciousness and behavior still act as a dynamic factor for development and progress, which is a key vector of human-tax relations. Without an individual vision of the universe, the present, personality problems cannot be covered and seen by all sides of economic and social society, based on trust and reliability. The level of trust and reliability characterizes the quality of economic and social consciousness of citizens, business, representatives of enterprises, which manifests itself and increases in the development of the interrelationships of civil society and carries results for the tax service. Formulation of the goals and objectives of the article (setting a task). A large amount of research on social consciousness, a wide and varied direction of studying the direction and connection with other disciplines helps to more closely reveal the problems of society and the individual. The purpose of the study is to separate and determine the individuality of a person in the process of economic and social consciousness, attitude and manifestations of personality and group behavior at all levels of this concept, analysis, specificity and structural content exactly inherent in the tax component. Methodology. During the study, to study and achieve the goal, the analysis of theoretical aspects and generalizations of scientific sources, dialectical cognition of formation and manifestations of social consciousness of a person when paying taxes, found a kind of economic concept, methods of induction and deduction, abstraction of theoretical provisions and dialectic cognition were carried out. Results. The article raises the issue of the importance of social consciousness of the country's tax service for further socio-economic growth and improvement of people's lives, on the basis of intergroup and interpersonal interactions and relationships at a high micro level, on the foundation of trust and cooperation between society and government, unified work and development of state, economic, civic platforms. It is with a person that the mechanism of development, accumulation and effective use begins, so it is the social consciousness of the individual that carries the basis for the further development of the state. The analysis of elements and component of socio-economic consciousness in the individuality of a person in the economic system is carried out and the main components, such as trust and reliability, are determined. The analysis of economic behavior of the individual when making a rational decision in the world of economic changes of the tax service is carried out. The practical component of the main provisions of the concept and levels of social consciousness, and its role in the general concept of the economic component can further develop and be used in the process of developing the analysis and development of the individual with individual behavior and personal decision-making for the fiscal service when paying taxes. Value/originality. The theory of socio-economic consciousness itself is not new, but the direction of study and application of individual characteristics of taxpayers is new and little researched, so it gives a new impetus to interest and further development of the detection of theoretical aspects, generalization to definition and essence, outlining the main directions of development and formation for the future.


Author(s):  
A. S. Koval

This article is devoted to the studying hermeneutic circle in the development of methodological culture of future music teacher. Under the conditions of globalization processes, tendencies of convergence of world cultures improvement of culturological training of student youth requires new approaches, in particular, culturological training of students of pedagogical specialties. The task of pedagogical education is to develop a teacher as a specialist and as a person of high culture, who has a special positive effect on the personality of school student. This article analyses the works of scientists dedicated to the issues of establishment and development of the hermeneutic approach in philosophical, psychological, and logical and gnosiological contexts. It is defined the essence of the concept of “hermeneutic circle” as one of the basic principles of the hermeneutic approach. There have been provided the examples of interpretation of the principle of hermeneutic circle by various scientists. Hermeneutic approach is applied in sciences such as pedagogy, psychology, economics, sociology etc. In pedagogical science the hermeneutic approach at the level of conceptual use was elaborated by A. Zakirova. She introduced the term “pedagogical hermeneutics”. Hermeneutic circle as a principle of text understanding is based on the interrelation of the part and the whole. Understanding of the whole consists of the understanding of the individual parts, and understanding of the parts requires understanding of the whole. The concepts of the part and the whole are correlated: the text is a part concerning the whole creative activity of the author, which in its turn is a part of the particular genre or literature in general, as well as the part of spiritual life and biography of the author. The idea of hermeneutic circle means also that there is no understanding of the text without certain prerequisites: understanding is preceded by some idea of what is yet to understand. There have been determined the peculiarities of the use of the principle of hermeneutic circle in the development of methodological culture of the future teacher of musical art. In light of hermeneutical trends, the penetration of which in the realm of musical art can be traced quite clearly, the use of the hermeneutic circle principle in the development of methodological culture of the future teacher of musical art appears not only in the narrow interpretation of the particular phenomenon or group of phenomena, but much wider — as a means of learning and understanding of the worldview by a person.


Author(s):  
Ayta Sakun ◽  
Tatiana Kadlubovich ◽  
Darina Chernyak

The problem of success became relevant at the beginning of the XXI century. Everyone strives to succeed, to be confident in themselves and in the future. Success is recognized as one of the needs of the individual. Reforming modern education is designed to make it human-centered, effective, close to the practical needs of the learner. The humanization of education is impossible without creating situations of success in learning. Such situations activate a person's cognitive motivation, reveal his creative potential, make a person strong and confident. To create situations of success, teachers use a variety of methods and tools that enhance the cognitive activity of students.


2020 ◽  
Vol 963 (9) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov

Studying the current state of cartography and ways of further developing the industry, the role of the map in the future of the society, new methods of promoting cartographic products is impossible without a deep scientific analyzing all the paths, events and factors influencing its formation and development throughout all the historic steps of cartographic production in Russia. In the article, the history of cartographic production in Russia is considered together with the development of private, state and military cartography, since, despite some differences, they have a common technical, technological and production basis. The author describes the stages of originating, formation and growth of industrial cartographic production from the beginning of the XVIII century until now. The connection between the change of political formations and technological structures with the mentioned stages of maps and atlases production is considered. Each stage is studied in detail, a step-by-step analysis was carried out, and the characteristics of each stage are described. All the events and facts are given in chronological order, highlighting especially significant moments influencing the evolution of cartographic production. The data on the volumes of printing and sales of atlases and maps by commercial and state enterprises are presented. The main trends and lines of further development of cartographic production in Russia are studied.


Author(s):  
Daphna Oyserman

Everyone can imagine their future self, even very young children, and this future self is usually positive and education-linked. To make progress toward an aspired future or away from a feared future requires people to plan and take action. Unfortunately, most people often start too late and commit minimal effort to ineffective strategies that lead their attention elsewhere. As a result, their high hopes and earnest resolutions often fall short. In Pathways to Success Through Identity-Based Motivation Daphna Oyserman focuses on situational constraints and affordances that trigger or impede taking action. Focusing on when the future-self matters and how to reduce the shortfall between the self that one aspires to become and the outcomes that one actually attains, Oyserman introduces the reader to the core theoretical framework of identity-based motivation (IBM) theory. IBM theory is the prediction that people prefer to act in identity-congruent ways but that the identity-to-behavior link is opaque for a number of reasons (the future feels far away, difficulty of working on goals is misinterpreted, and strategies for attaining goals do not feel identity-congruent). Oyserman's book goes on to also include the stakes and how the importance of education comes into play as it improves the lives of the individual, their family, and their society. The framework of IBM theory and how to achieve it is broken down into three parts: how to translate identity-based motivation into a practical intervention, an outline of the intervention, and empirical evidence that it works. In addition, the book also includes an implementation manual and fidelity measures for educators utilizing this book to intervene for the improvement of academic outcomes.


Author(s):  
Alison Milbank

Scottish fiction about the Reformation is concerned with the mechanics of historical change, which are rendered through a series of enchanted books and people discussed in Chapter 8. In the novel, The Monastery, describing the Dissolution and Reformation, Scott gothicizes the Bible as a magic book and the White Lady as its guardian to dramatize the mysterious nature of religious change, the dependence of the future on a Gothic past, and the need for interpretation. In Old Mortality, Scott’s protagonist escapes the frozen dualities of Covenanter and Claverhouse, revealing historical change itself as problematic in Humean terms and requiring a leap of faith. James Hogg contests this presentation of the Covenanters by re-enchanting them as supposed brownies, as mediators of history and nature, and in his Three Perils of Man reprises Scott’s wizard Michael Scott pitted against Roger Bacon and his ‘black book’ the Bible to present the Reformation as an eternal reality.


Author(s):  
Abbie J. Shipp

Temporal focus is the individual tendency to characteristically think more or less about the past, present, and future. Although originally rooted in early work from psychology, research on temporal focus has been steadily growing in a number of research areas, particularly since Zimbardo and Boyd’s (1999) influential article on the topic. This chapter will review temporal focus research from the past to the present, including how temporal focus has been conceptualized and measured, and which correlates and outcomes have been tested in terms of well-being and behavior. Based on this review, an agenda for research is created to direct temporal focus research in the future.


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