Innovation Highways and the Geography of Inclusive Growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita McGahan ◽  
Janice Gross Stein
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Central Mechanism ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
National Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Innovation Clusters ◽  
National Systems

Important advances regarding the geography of innovation focus on the competitiveness of cities, nations, and regions through the establishment of innovation clusters and national systems of innovation. In this chapter, this logic is linked with emerging scholarship on innovation for inclusive growth, which focuses on entrepreneurialism in resource-limited settings. By connecting the two streams, the chapter conceptualizes relationships between communities as ‘innovation highways’. It is argued that economic and public policy seeking to advance both prosperity and inclusiveness would benefit from deeper and more extensive consideration of collaboration between communities. The chapter argues that future research on the geography of innovation will take innovation highways between communities as central to prosperity, and consider the governance of these highways as a central mechanism of inclusiveness.

National systems of innovation in the Eurozone: Policy implications for Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Duarte ◽  
Fernando Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
National Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
National Systems

This paper aims to understand which innovation inputs are more strongly related to innovation outputs in the Eurozone, and to derive policy implication for the Spanish convergence with Eurozone top players in terms of innovation. Drawing from the Global Innovation Index input-output framework we developed an alternative longitudinal index. The resulting country scores were used to construct a panel dataset composed of the 19 Eurozone members during the period 2013-2018, which were analysed through a series of multiple regression techniques. Results suggest a strong and positive influence of Business Sophistication on innovation outputs in Eurozone countries, derived mainly from the capacity of domestic firms to absorb knowledge. Possible implications for Spain could be derived from this fact, such as, for instance, encouraging inward foreign direct investment. Future research is needed to analyse the differentiated effects of such encouragement, as well as other surprising results of our study.

scholarly journals National systems of innovation in the Eurozone: Policy implications for Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Duarte ◽  
Fernando Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
National Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
National Systems

This paper aims to understand which innovation inputs are more strongly related to innovation outputs in the Eurozone, and to derive policy implication for the Spanish convergence with Eurozone top players in terms of innovation. Drawing from the Global Innovation Index input-output framework we developed an alternative longitudinal index. The resulting country scores were used to construct a panel dataset composed of the 19 Eurozone members during the period 2013-2018, which were analysed through a series of multiple regression techniques. Results suggest a strong and positive influence of Business Sophistication on innovation outputs in Eurozone countries, derived mainly from the capacity of domestic firms to absorb knowledge. Possible implications for Spain could be derived from this fact, such as, for instance, encouraging inward foreign direct investment. Future research is needed to analyse the differentiated effects of such encouragement, as well as other surprising results of our study.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review Protocol for Supply Chain Management Systems for Point of Care Diagnostics Services: Optimising COVID-19 Testing Capacity in Resource-limited Settings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuhlula Maluleke ◽  
Thobeka Dlangalala ◽  
Alfred Musekiwa ◽  
Kabelo Kgarosi ◽  
Sphamandla Nkambule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Resource Limited

Abstract BackgroundRapid and specific diagnostic tests are essential for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing to allow prompt isolation and early treatment initiation if necessary. Currently, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests are the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 testing but are difficult to implement in resource-limited settings with poor access to laboratory infrastructure. Point of care (POC) testing may be more feasible in resource-limited settings because POC testing is cost-effective, easy to perform, results are rapid, and they can be performed at all levels of healthcare by health professionals with minimal training. To ensure equitable access, it is important that SARS-CoV-2 testing is optimised through well-established supply chain management (SCM). Here we outline a protocol for a scoping review aimed at mapping literature on SCM for POC testing in resource limited settings to guide both future research and the implementation of SARS-CoV-2 POC diagnostics. MethodologyThis scoping review will be guided by an adapted version of the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework. We will search the Medline Ovid, Medline EBSCO, Scopus, PubMed, PsychInfo, Web of Science and EBSCOHost databases. We will search gray literature in the form of dissertations/theses, conference proceedings, websites of international organisations such as the World Health Organisation and government reports. We will include articles reporting evidence published since inception. Language restrictions will not be applied. We will use a search summary table to test the effectiveness of the search strategy. Two reviewers will screen eligible studies using a tool developed for this scoping review. The quality of the included studies will be appraised using the mixed method appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018. Discussion The proposed scoping review will gather relevant studies on SCM systems for POC diagnostics services globally. We anticipate that this review’s findings will guide future research on SCM systems for POC diagnostics services in resource-limited settings. The results will be published in a scientific journal, presented at relevant conferences and form part of workshops with key stakeholders involved in SCM systems for POC diagnostics services.

Standards Development as Hybridization and Capacity Building

2015 ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Xiaobai Shen ◽  
Ian Graham ◽  
Robin Williams
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
The West ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
National Systems Of Innovation ◽  
The World ◽  
Indigenous Innovation ◽  
National Systems

While users in the rest of the world have been offered 3G mobile phones based on either the CDMA2000 or W-CDMA standards, users in China have the additional option of using phones based on the TD-SCDMA standard. As a technology largely developed by Chinese actors and only implemented in China, TD-SCDMA has been seen as an “indigenous innovation” orchestrated by the Chinese government and supported by Chinese firms. China's support for TD-SCDMA was widely viewed in the West as a ploy to keep the “global” 3G standards, W-CDMA and CDMA2000, out of China, but in 2009, the Chinese government licensed the operation of all three standards. The authors argue that Chinese support for TD-SCDMA, rather than being a defensive move, was a proactive policy to use the TD-SCDMA standard to develop Chinese industrial capacity, which could then be fed back into the global processes developing later generations of telecommunications standards. Rather than being an indigenous Chinese technology, TD-SCDMA's history exemplifies how standards and the intellectual property and technological know-how embedded in them lead to a complex hybridization between the global and national systems of innovation.

Standards Development as Hybridization

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobai Shen ◽  
Ian Graham ◽  
James Stewart ◽  
Robin Williams
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
National Systems Of Innovation ◽  
The World ◽  
Indigenous Innovation ◽  
National Systems ◽  
Additional Option

While users in the rest of the World have been offered 3G mobile phones based on either the CDMA2000 or W-CDMA standards, users in China have the additional option of using phones based on the TD-SCDMA standard. As a technology largely developed by Chinese actors and only implemented in China, TD-SCDMA has been seen as an “indigenous innovation” orchestrated by the Chinese government and supported by Chinese firms. This paper adopts a science and technology studies (STS) framework to explore how global and national institutional and social elements have been embedded in and impacted on the artifacts of TD-SCDMA technology. Rather than being an indigenous Chinese technology, TD-SCDMA’s history exemplifies how standards and the intellectual property embedded in them lead to a complex hybridization between the global and national systems of innovation.

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