scholarly journals National systems of innovation in the Eurozone: Policy implications for Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Duarte ◽  
Fernando Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
National Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
National Systems

This paper aims to understand which innovation inputs are more strongly related to innovation outputs in the Eurozone, and to derive policy implication for the Spanish convergence with Eurozone top players in terms of innovation. Drawing from the Global Innovation Index input-output framework we developed an alternative longitudinal index. The resulting country scores were used to construct a panel dataset composed of the 19 Eurozone members during the period 2013-2018, which were analysed through a series of multiple regression techniques. Results suggest a strong and positive influence of Business Sophistication on innovation outputs in Eurozone countries, derived mainly from the capacity of domestic firms to absorb knowledge. Possible implications for Spain could be derived from this fact, such as, for instance, encouraging inward foreign direct investment. Future research is needed to analyse the differentiated effects of such encouragement, as well as other surprising results of our study.

National systems of innovation in the Eurozone: Policy implications for Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Duarte ◽  
Fernando Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
National Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
National Systems

This paper aims to understand which innovation inputs are more strongly related to innovation outputs in the Eurozone, and to derive policy implication for the Spanish convergence with Eurozone top players in terms of innovation. Drawing from the Global Innovation Index input-output framework we developed an alternative longitudinal index. The resulting country scores were used to construct a panel dataset composed of the 19 Eurozone members during the period 2013-2018, which were analysed through a series of multiple regression techniques. Results suggest a strong and positive influence of Business Sophistication on innovation outputs in Eurozone countries, derived mainly from the capacity of domestic firms to absorb knowledge. Possible implications for Spain could be derived from this fact, such as, for instance, encouraging inward foreign direct investment. Future research is needed to analyse the differentiated effects of such encouragement, as well as other surprising results of our study.

Innovation Highways and the Geography of Inclusive Growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita McGahan ◽  
Janice Gross Stein
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Central Mechanism ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
National Systems Of Innovation ◽  
Innovation Clusters ◽  
National Systems

Important advances regarding the geography of innovation focus on the competitiveness of cities, nations, and regions through the establishment of innovation clusters and national systems of innovation. In this chapter, this logic is linked with emerging scholarship on innovation for inclusive growth, which focuses on entrepreneurialism in resource-limited settings. By connecting the two streams, the chapter conceptualizes relationships between communities as ‘innovation highways’. It is argued that economic and public policy seeking to advance both prosperity and inclusiveness would benefit from deeper and more extensive consideration of collaboration between communities. The chapter argues that future research on the geography of innovation will take innovation highways between communities as central to prosperity, and consider the governance of these highways as a central mechanism of inclusiveness.

scholarly journals Self-Employment in New Zealand

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bururu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Time Series Regression ◽  
Self Employment

This paper provides a preliminary analysis of self-employment in New Zealand. Using census data from Supennap3 and HLFS data, we find that self-employment is growing with an increased proportion of the labour force being self-employed now than in 1986. This growth is however quite modest. Pull factors attracting people to self-employment appear to be stronger than push factors whereby people enter self-employment because of lack of alternative opportunities. However, results are not definitive. A possible causal relationship between self-employment and unemployment is explored using a time-series regression model. Results suggest a negative and significant relationship between self-employment and lagged unemployment rate. We also observe a weak but positive influence of the ECA, tax and intellectual property rights reforms on self-employment. There are regional differences in regard to factors that could be influencing individuals' decisions to enter into self-employment. While pull factors may explain entry into self-employment for Tasman, Marlborough, Southland and West Coast regions, unemployment appears to be a strong factor for Northland, Taranaki, Waikato, and the Bay of Plenty. The analysis also looks at self-employment by occupation, qualifications, income, industry, age, gender and ethnicity. The paper concludes by mentioning policy implications and suggesting future research.

Standards Development as Hybridization and Capacity Building

2015 ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Xiaobai Shen ◽  
Ian Graham ◽  
Robin Williams
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
The West ◽  
Systems Of Innovation ◽  
National Systems Of Innovation ◽  
The World ◽  
Indigenous Innovation ◽  
National Systems

While users in the rest of the world have been offered 3G mobile phones based on either the CDMA2000 or W-CDMA standards, users in China have the additional option of using phones based on the TD-SCDMA standard. As a technology largely developed by Chinese actors and only implemented in China, TD-SCDMA has been seen as an “indigenous innovation” orchestrated by the Chinese government and supported by Chinese firms. China's support for TD-SCDMA was widely viewed in the West as a ploy to keep the “global” 3G standards, W-CDMA and CDMA2000, out of China, but in 2009, the Chinese government licensed the operation of all three standards. The authors argue that Chinese support for TD-SCDMA, rather than being a defensive move, was a proactive policy to use the TD-SCDMA standard to develop Chinese industrial capacity, which could then be fed back into the global processes developing later generations of telecommunications standards. Rather than being an indigenous Chinese technology, TD-SCDMA's history exemplifies how standards and the intellectual property and technological know-how embedded in them lead to a complex hybridization between the global and national systems of innovation.

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