Human rights during the mass introduction of artificial intelligence and robotic systems into public life

Purpose: This article considers legal approaches to implementing human rights during the mass exploitation of artificial intelligence and robotic systems in public life. Methods: Within the framework of this study, an emphasis is placed on the legal regulation of artificial intelligence systems and robotics used for remote biometric identification of a person and the creation of social credit systems. This study analyzes different models of legal regulation that are typical of certain countries and regions, including the UK, USA, China, and the EU. Results: In the UK, it is allowed to use real-time face recognition systems in public spaces but the set of scenarios and situations for their use is significantly limited by legislation and law enforcement. The legal regulation of these systems in each state is based on a constant dialogue between state and civil society. The use of artificial intelligence and robotic systems to create social credit systems is tested in some countries. Modern states have formed several approaches to the creation of such systems: some of them completely prohibit these systems, while others develop a technological and regulatory framework for the creation of national systems.

Shaping the Canon. The International Profile of Viața Românească (1906-1916)

The present paper aims to investigate the circulation of foreign cultural input in one of the most important Romanian literary periodicals of the prewar era. The main focus of the present research revolves around the means by which the editorial group of Viața Românească (The Romanian Life), have managed to create an international dialogue oriented towards Western models that helped shape the modernization of both the autochthonous literary production and the critical or theoretical national systems. Generally considered a rather reactionary community, with nationalistic tendencies, the aforementioned literary group has engaged in many occasions into transplanting foreign theoretical and critical models. The amplitude of these communications and its quite remarkable effects on the Romanian cultural scene may still come as a surprise. By means of quantitative and digital methods, the present proposal attempts to measure and investigate this very particular process.

Current issues of cyber threat risk assessment: analysis of foreign experience

The article considers topical issues of cyber threat risk assessment. It contains an analysis of the Law “On Basic Principles for providing of Cyber Security of Ukraine”, the Cyber Security Strategy of Ukraine and other legislative acts for providing on cyber security. The main approaches to determining the assessment of cyber threats are considered. The best examples of foreign practice of cyber threat risk assessment are analyzed, the most effective national systems of their assessment are revealed. It is concluded that multi-level risk and threat assessment systems are most effective when the relevant analysis is conducted at both the national and regional and/or local levels.

Are child health information services a viable source of accurate vaccination data for clinicians working in paediatric emergency departments in England?

Vaccination is a global success story, yet UK coverage remains undertarget for a number of diseases. The paediatric emergency department (PED) offers the potential for opportunistic vaccination interventions.ObjectivesTo map the Greater Manchester (GM) Child Health Information System network to see if it was a viable source of vaccination data for clinicians working in the PED as a case study.MethodsPostprimary care vaccination management systems for GM were visualised using a systems mapping approach, with data obtained from the Office for National Statistics and commissioners in the GM Health and Social Care Partnership.ResultsOnce vaccination data left primary care, it passed through 1 of 10 local child health information services (CHISs), using an assortment of different information technology systems, after which it shed individual identifiers and was aggregated within national systems. None of the existing GM CHISs were accessible to PED practitioners.ConclusionMore work needs to be done to explore possible alternative sources of accurate vaccination data during a PED consultation.

EU and India: Emerging Trends in Higher Education Cooperation

The paper examines the potential for the EU to act as a leading actor in internationalization of higher education area based on the case of India – one of the largest higher education national systems, which has been in a process of massification and transformation. Based on the general framework of strategic cooperation between the EU and India, the paper looks at the EU’s strategies and instruments for cooperation in the area of higher education, considers the current picture and identifies enabling factors for intensification of this cooperation. It raises the question of whether the EU can go beyond bilateral relations between higher education institutions and become a collective driver of higher education cooperation between India and the European Higher Education Area, and what the barriers and challenges in developing the external dimension of the EU’s higher education policy are.

POLICY OF SUPPORTING EMPLOYMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

The right of people with disabilities to participate in economic life is, inter alia, the right to employment and participation in labor relations. The policy of supporting the employment of people with disabilities refers to actions oriented at the labor market and strengthening the employment opportunities of this social category. Such a policy is aimed at the parallel use of several or even a dozen or so activation instruments. Legal instruments supporting employers of people with disabilities in 10 countries, including 8 from the EU, such as: Belgium (Brussels and the capital region), China, the Czech Republic, France, Japan, Spain, Germany (Brandenburg), Luxembourg, Slovakia and Italy were analyzed. The analysis is also enriched by the description of instruments used in other countries of the world, if they were worthy of attention. Particular emphasis was placed on showing systemic solutions that sometimes allow employment support to be different than in Poland. The analysis describes the most interesting and best functioning national systems which, in their policies, implement the principle of equal opportunities and fight against discrimination, and enable employment of a person with disabilities

MECHANISMS FOR INTERACTION BETWEEN LEGAL CLINICS AND GOVERNMENTAL BODIES: LEGAL, ORGANIZATIONAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES

Practice shows that a legal clinic is the most effective element of practical-oriented education in a law school today. Despite the introduction of project activities into curricula, the development of cooperation programs with employers, the harmonization of curricula and teaching materials with employers’ representatives, it is the possibilities of clinical education that enable future lawyers to acquire practical skills even before graduation. Nevertheless, some distance of clinics from employers' practice bases and sites does not allow full benefit of clinical training. Purpose: to examine possible mechanisms for interaction between legal clinics and governmental bodies, primarily courts. Methods: the national and world experience of legal clinics is studied, the level of legislative regulation of their activities and the degree of their involvement in national systems of free legal aid are determined by applying comparative legal, specific legal methods, analysis and synthesis. Results: the author substantiates that the program of clinics should include measures to provide free legal assistance to the public at employers' venues. The opinion is expressed that such work can contribute to the involvement of students in the practice of judicial representation of clients' interests, as the most professional element of free legal aid. The article identifies possible ethical and organizational problems that may arise in the implementation of such interaction, and suggests ways to overcome them on the example of the activities of the legal clinic of the Novgorod State University.