Presuppositions, Projection, and Accommodation

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-113
Author(s):  
Florian Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Discourse Context ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Experimental Approaches

This chapter reviews experimental work on presupposition, both in terms of methodological developments and the theoretical implications of experimental results. Presuppositions convey information that is typically assumed to already be taken for granted by the discourse participants. Furthermore, they are characteristically unaffected by a variety of linguistic embedding environments, such as negation, conditionals, and questions. After providing a brief background on the topic, and introducing key issues from the current literature, experimental approaches to investigating presuppositions are discussed, covering both unembedded and embedded environments, as well as the relation of presuppositions to the discourse context. The final section concludes and provides an outlook on future directions for the field.

Parental Leave and Beyond

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Early Parenthood ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Leave Policy ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Different Parts

This volume brings together contributors from 18 countries to provide international perspectives on the politics of parental leave policies in different parts of the world. Initially looking in depth at the politics of care leave policies across Europe, the US, Latin America and Asia, the book moves on to consider a variety of key issues in depth, including gender equality, flexibility and challenges for fathers in using leave. In the final section of the book, contributors look beyond the early parenthood period to consider possible future directions for care leave policy in order to address the wider changes and challenges that our societies face.

Comparing the Seismic Performance of Beam-Column Joints with and without SFRC when Subjected to Cyclic Loading

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Dora Abdul Ghani ◽  
Nor Hayati Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Column Joint ◽  
Initial Cracks

The experimental work on two full-scale precast concrete beam-column corner joints with corbels was carried out and their seismic performance was examined. The first specimen was constructed without steel fiber, while second specimen was constructed by mixed up steel fiber with concrete and placed it at the corbels area. The specimen were tested under reversible lateral cyclic loading up to ±1.5% drift. The experimental results showed that for the first specimen, the cracks start to occur at +0.5% drifts with spalling of concrete and major cracks were observed at corbel while for the second specimen, the initial cracks were observed at +0.75% with no damage at corbel. In this study, it can be concluded that precast beam-column joint without steel fiber has better ductility and stiffness than precast beam-column joint with steel fiber. However, precast beam-column joint with steel fiber has better energy dissipation and fewer cracks at corbel as compared to precast beam-column joint without steel fiber.

Definition of the yield point in plasticity and its effect on the shape of the yield locus

1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
T C Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Yield Point ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Yield Locus ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Proportional Limit ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Small Section ◽  
Definition Of

Three different definitions of the yield point have been used in experimental work on the yield locus: proportional limit, proof strain and the ‘yield point’ by backward extrapolation. The theoretical implications of the ‘yield point’ by backward extrapolation are examined in an analysis of the loading and re-loading stress paths. It is shown, in connection with experimental results by Miastkowski and Szczepinski, that the proportional limit found by inspection is in fact a point located by backward extrapolation based on a small section of the stress-strain curve, near the elastic portion of the curve. The effect of different definitions of the yield point on the shape of the yield locus and some considerations for the choice between them are discussed.

A New Partitioning Method Based on AOI Model Matching in CVE Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 241-244 ◽  
pp. 3116-3120
Author(s):  
Xiao Mei Hu ◽  
Biao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Model Matching ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Environment ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Partitioning Problem ◽  
Server Architecture

Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE) system supports a large number of users to explore a virtual world and interact with each other through networks, so one of the key issues in the design of scalable CVE systems is the partitioning problem. Existing partitioning algorithms in CVE systems based on multiple-server architecture, in our opinion, hardly consider the communication character of virtual environment. In this paper, we propose a new partitioning method based on area of interest (AOI) model matching to improve the quality of partitioning. The experimental results show preliminarily that our partitioning approach based on AOI model matching does decrease the traffic among the servers in the system and improve the partitioning performance.

Probabilistic Feature Attention as an Alternative to Variables in Phonotactic Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-56
Author(s):  
Brandon Prickett
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Phonological Acquisition ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Free Model ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Feature Attention ◽  
Phonotactic Learning ◽  
Past Experimental Work ◽  
Algebraic Representations

Abstract Since Halle (1962), explicit algebraic variables (often called alpha notation) have been commonplace in phonological theory. However, Hayes and Wilson (2008) proposed a variable-free model of phonotactic learning, sparking a debate about whether such algebraic representations are necessary to capture human phonological acquisition. While past experimental work has found evidence that suggested a need for variables in models of phonology (Berent et al. 2012, Moreton 2012, Gallagher 2013), this paper presents a novel mechanism, Probabilistic Feature Attention (PFA), that allows a variable-free model of phonotactics to predict a number of these phenomena. Additionally, experimental results involving phonological generalization that cannot be explained by variables are captured by this novel approach. These results cast doubt on whether variables are necessary to capture human-like phonotactic learning and provide a useful alternative to such representations.

scholarly journals The Mediatized Conditions of Contemporary Religion: Critical Status and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Lövheim ◽  
Stig Hjarvard
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
Contemporary Religion ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
North Western

During the last decade the framework of mediatization theory has been introduced in the field of media, religion and culture as a parallel perspective to the “mediation of religion” approach, allowing new questions to be posed that align with religious change within Europe. This article provides a critical review of existing research applying mediatization of religion theory, focusing on key issues raised by its critics as well as how the theory have moved the research field forward. These issues concern the concept of religion, institution and social change, religious authority, and the application of mediatization theory outside the North-Western European context where it originated. The article argues that an institutional approach to mediatization is a relevant tool for analyzing change as a dynamic process in which the logics of particular forms of media influence practices, values and relations within particular manifestations of religion across various levels of analysis.

Contributions and Future Directions of Software Reviews

2011 ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
Yuk Kuen Wong
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Software Reviews ◽  
Industry Survey

This chapter presents theoretical and methodological contributions. It also addresses the limitations of the empirical studies (i.e., industry survey and case study). Discussions of future research are presented in the final section of this chapter.

Gut immunophysiology: a gastroenterologist's view with emphasis on pathophysiology

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (1) ◽  
pp. G1-G8 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. Dobbins
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Systemic Immune Response ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Secretory Immunity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndromes

This review is a brief survey of our knowledge of the immune functions of the gastrointestinal tract. The mucosal immunologic system is present at all epithelial surfaces that are in direct contact with the external environment, is largely independent of the systemic immune response, and is governed by antigenic stimuli at epithelial surfaces. The plasma cell population responsive to these antigens is found just below the epithelium, and the antibodies produced are transported to the epithelial surface by a unique process. Finally, the antibodies secreted are able to function even in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. Brief reviews of immunophysiology and immunomorphology of the gastrointestinal immune system are enclosed. The immune response of the gut is discussed in relation to immune regulation by helper and suppressor systems. Even though secretory immunity may be considered "old hat," several new aspects of this system are emphasized along with an overview of the system. The clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of the two major adult immunodeficiency syndromes are reviewed in order to emphasize normal immunophysiology. There is a brief discussion of food allergy. Future directions that may be appropriate for research in both systemic and mucosal immunology are discussed in the final section.

scholarly journals Big Data Revisited: A Rejoinder

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannis Kallinikos ◽  
Ioanna D Constantiou
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Social Data ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Communicative Processes

We elaborate on key issues of our paper New games, new rules: big data and the changing context of strategy as a means of addressing some of the concerns raised by the paper's commentators. We initially deal with the issue of social data and the role it plays in the current data revolution. The massive involvement of lay publics as instrumented by social media breaks with the strong expert cultures that have underlain the production and use of data in modern organizations. It also sets apart the interactive and communicative processes by which social data is produced from sensor data and the technological recording of facts. We further discuss the significance of the very mechanisms by which big data is produced as distinct from the very attributes of big data, often discussed in the literature. In the final section of the paper, we qualify the alleged importance of algorithms and claim that the structures of data capture and the architectures in which data generation is embedded are fundamental to the phenomenon of big data.

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