Comment on ‘Unveiling ductile deformation during fast exhumation of a granitic pluton in a transfer zone’ by Richard Spiess, Antonio Langone, Alfredo Caggianelli, Finlay M. Stuart, Martina Zucchi, Caterina Bianco, Andrea Brogi, & Domenico Liotta

In their paper, Spiess et al. (2021) published structural, geochronological, and EBSD data on one of the monzogranite apophyses (Capo Bianco) of the buried Porto Azzurro Pluton (island of Elba, Northern Apennines, Italy), a pluton emplaced in the upper crust (P < 0.2 GPa; e.g. Papeschi et al., 2019). The authors publish a new U/Pb age of 6.4 ± 0.4 Ma, associated to the thermal peak, and a U-Th/He apatite age of 5.0 ± 0.6 Ma, related to a T of 60 °C. Spiess et al. (2021) use these ages to model the exhumation of the pluton controlled by the sub-horizontal Zuccale Fault, a fault with 6 km of horizontal displacement (ZF; Keller & Coward, 1996). Their structural dataset from the macro to the microscale and EBSD analyses relies on a small section (about 100 m wide) in the NE part of the Calamita Peninsula. Based on their documentation of (1) vertical dykes in the monzogranite, (2) vertical to low-angle top-to-the-E extensional faults, and (3) later NW-striking oblique faults, they interpret the Porto Azzurro Pluton as emplaced in an extensional to transcurrent tectonic setting, extrapolating their findings to the entire Eastern Elba.

Epistemic Injustice

<p>“Epistemic injustice” is a fairly new concept in philosophy, which, loosely speaking, describes a kind of injustice that occurs at the intersection of structures of the social world and knowledge. While the concept was first put forward in the 1990’s, the most significant publication on the topic is Miranda Fricker’s book Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing, which was published in 2007. Since then, there has been something of an explosion of literature on the topic of epistemic injustice. However, the concept of epistemic injustice is one that is poorly understood. While Epistemic Injustice offers extensive analysis of some aspects of epistemic injustice, it does a poor job of explaining, overall, what epistemic injustice actually is, limiting most of that explanation to a small section in the introduction of the book. The way that epistemic injustice is presented in this section is highly ambiguous, with key terms being loosely defined (if at all), and the necessary and sufficient conditions of something being an epistemic injustice are left unclear. This remains unresolved in the literature beyond Fricker’s account: while there has been some progression in how we think about epistemic injustice beyond what Fricker’s work provides us with, there has been a general failure to adequately recognize and address the ambiguities of the Frickerian account of epistemic injustice. In this thesis, I aim to show that, despite superficial impressions to the contrary, the Frickerian account is fundamentally ambiguous and incomplete. Moreover, later attempts to address these issues by subsequent theorists have failed. This project, however, is not in vain. I conclude by proposing a new account of epistemic injustice that overcomes these problems with the Frickerian account, offering a way of understanding epistemic injustice that is both philosophically satisfying and practically useful.</p>

Epistemic Injustice

<p>“Epistemic injustice” is a fairly new concept in philosophy, which, loosely speaking, describes a kind of injustice that occurs at the intersection of structures of the social world and knowledge. While the concept was first put forward in the 1990’s, the most significant publication on the topic is Miranda Fricker’s book Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing, which was published in 2007. Since then, there has been something of an explosion of literature on the topic of epistemic injustice. However, the concept of epistemic injustice is one that is poorly understood. While Epistemic Injustice offers extensive analysis of some aspects of epistemic injustice, it does a poor job of explaining, overall, what epistemic injustice actually is, limiting most of that explanation to a small section in the introduction of the book. The way that epistemic injustice is presented in this section is highly ambiguous, with key terms being loosely defined (if at all), and the necessary and sufficient conditions of something being an epistemic injustice are left unclear. This remains unresolved in the literature beyond Fricker’s account: while there has been some progression in how we think about epistemic injustice beyond what Fricker’s work provides us with, there has been a general failure to adequately recognize and address the ambiguities of the Frickerian account of epistemic injustice. In this thesis, I aim to show that, despite superficial impressions to the contrary, the Frickerian account is fundamentally ambiguous and incomplete. Moreover, later attempts to address these issues by subsequent theorists have failed. This project, however, is not in vain. I conclude by proposing a new account of epistemic injustice that overcomes these problems with the Frickerian account, offering a way of understanding epistemic injustice that is both philosophically satisfying and practically useful.</p>

AUBERT & DUVAL CNS (35NiCr6)

Aubert and Duval CNS (35NiCr6) is a medium-carbon, nickel-chromium, direct hardening alloy steel. It is a medium hardenability steel in the 0.30 to 0.37 mean carbon content classification. This steel is frequently used for water-quenched parts of moderate section size and for oil-quenched parts of small section size. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on casting. Filing Code: SA-878. Producer or source: Aubert & Duval S.A. (a member of the Eramet Group).

Fungal infections in cats and dogs

Fungal infections are an easily diagnosable cause of skin disease in companion animals. This article aims to give an overview of the more common fungal infections seen in cats and dogs, how to investigate them, and how to treat them. A small section on rarer fungal infections is included for information. Veterinary nurses are often involved in dermatology clinics, so knowledge of both common and rarer dermatomycoses can be very useful.

LUCEFIN 25CrMo4 (1.7218), 25CrMoS4 (1.7213)

Lucefin 25CrMo4 and 25CrMoS4 are low-carbon, chromium-molybdenum direct hardening alloy steels. These low hardenability steels are used for water-quenched parts of moderate section size and for oil-quenched parts of small section size. In general, these steels are used for parts requiring high strength and toughness. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-874. Producer or source: Lucefin S.p.A.

Large-Section Histopathology Can Better Indicate the Immune Microenvironment and Predict the Prognosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Than Small-Section Histopathology

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumor and is insensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, as it is highly correlated with its complex tumor microenvironment (TME). A comprehensive description of PDAC’s immune microenvironment at the pathological level has not been reported, thus limiting its treatment. Previous studies have shown that large-section histopathology (LSH) can reveal the complete structure and margin of the tumor on a single slice and effectively reflect intratumoral heterogeneity. LSH, as opposed to classic small-section histopathology (SSH), can also be used to explore the infiltration state of immune cells in different regions. In the current study, EnVision immunohistochemical staining was used to explore the panoramic distribution of CD4-, CD8-, CD15-, CD20-, and CD56 (surface markers of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, neutrophils, B cells, and NK cells, respectively)-positive cells in 102 pairs of paraffin wax-embedded PDAC samples (LSH vs SSH) for the first time. These indicators were then analyzed, and correlations of clinicopathological characteristics with clinical prognoses were analyzed. The findings of this study show that LSH can effectively indicate more immune cells than SSH. Upregulated CD4, CD8, CD20, and CD56 or downregulated CD15 was correlated with a good prognosis in PDAC patients. However, analysis of SSH showed that only upregulated CD4 and CD8 can be used as indicators of a good prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that 7 variables, namely, pTNM stage (P=0.002), PDL1 expression (P=0.001), CDX2 expression (P=0.008), DPC4 expression (P=0.004), CD4 expression in LSH (P&lt;0.001), CD8 expression in LSH (P=0.010) and CD15 expression in LSH (P=0.031), were significantly correlated with the prognosis of PDAC patients. The findings of this study indicate that LSH is an effective tool for a panoramic assessment of the immune microenvironment in pancreatic cancer patients.

Framing early cinema : the Davide Turconi nitrate frame collection at George Eastman House

This thesis examines the history, use, and value of the Davide Turconi Nitrate Frame Collection of film fragments, housed at George Eastman House. An Italian film historian, Turconi (1911-2005) compiled the collection in the 1960s. Over the past decade, GEH and its partner institutions digitized the collection's 23,5000 fragments, which mostly date from the 1900s and 1910s. The thesis's case study analyzes two films represented by fragments in the collection: Les Tulipes (Pathé, 1907) and Maid of Niagara (American Kenema-Pathé, 1910). This case study employs a small section of the collection to speak to its importance as a whole and is particularly focused on the collection's early applied colour effects. It compares the fragments to multiple preserved versions of the films, arguing that the Turconi Collection, as well as other frame collections housed at various institutions, are primary documents, unlike most modern restorations of early silent films.

Framing early cinema : the Davide Turconi nitrate frame collection at George Eastman House

This thesis examines the history, use, and value of the Davide Turconi Nitrate Frame Collection of film fragments, housed at George Eastman House. An Italian film historian, Turconi (1911-2005) compiled the collection in the 1960s. Over the past decade, GEH and its partner institutions digitized the collection's 23,5000 fragments, which mostly date from the 1900s and 1910s. The thesis's case study analyzes two films represented by fragments in the collection: Les Tulipes (Pathé, 1907) and Maid of Niagara (American Kenema-Pathé, 1910). This case study employs a small section of the collection to speak to its importance as a whole and is particularly focused on the collection's early applied colour effects. It compares the fragments to multiple preserved versions of the films, arguing that the Turconi Collection, as well as other frame collections housed at various institutions, are primary documents, unlike most modern restorations of early silent films.