Negation, Prosody, and Gesture

2020 ◽  
pp. 676-693
Author(s):  
Pilar Prieto ◽  
M. Teresa Espinal
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Double Negation ◽  
Metalinguistic Negation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Child Speech ◽  
Semantic Scope

This chapter describes the current state of the art with regard to the contribution of prosody and gesture to the semantic and pragmatic expression and interpretation of negation. A review of the literature shows that three types of speech acts involving negation (e.g. denial, rejection, and metalinguistic negation) can be encoded through differentiated prosodic and gestural means across languages. Negative elements in denials tend to be prosodically highlighted through the use of high tones in tonal languages or pitch accentual prominence in intonational languages. By contrast, specific intonational contours are used differently across languages to express a speech act of rejection, whether in questions or in statements. Metalinguistic or corrective speech acts, which express a speaker’s attitude of disapproval, can also be identified by means of prosodic prominence. All three types of speech act tend to be accompanied by specific gestures. This chapter also shows the central role played by prosody and gesture in the interpretation of the semantic scope of negation, as well as in the interpretation of negative shifts affecting so-called double negation phenomena and bare polar particle responses. The chapter concludes by analyzing the interaction between prosodic and gestural modes of communication in adult and child speech, and suggests possible avenues for further research on the prosody–gesture negation interface.

Needle Heating during High-Speed Sewing

1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Hersh ◽  
P. L. Grady
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Sewing Thread ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
The Subject

A review of the literature and extensive field interviews have been conducted on the subject of needle heating in high-speed sewing. As a result of this investigation, a survey of the current state of the art and knowledge available in the field has been completed and is presented in the following categories: (1) the nature of the problem and the difficulties which arise in commercial operations; (2) quantitative methods of measuring needle temperatures; (3) the influence of machine factors such as sewing speed, length of sewing time, and needle design on the heat generated during sewing; (4) the influence of material factors such as fabric structure and finish, layers of fabric, and sewing thread on needle heating; (5) techniques for alleviating needle heating problems; and (6) the mechanism of generation and dissipation of heat in the sewing process. Some heretofore unpublished data are presented.

scholarly journals Current state of the art in the use of augmented reality in dentistry: a systematic review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Farronato ◽  
Cinzia Maspero ◽  
Valentina Lanteri ◽  
Andrea Fama ◽  
Francesco Ferrati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Current State

Speech Acts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Harris ◽  
Daniel Fogal ◽  
Matt Moss
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Discourse Context ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conversational Score

This introduction is both a capsule history of major work in speech-act theory and an opinionated guide to its current state, organized around five major accounts of what speech acts fundamentally are. We first consider the two classical views, on which a speech act is the kind of act it is mainly due to convention (Austin), or to intention (Grice). We then spell out three other broad approaches, which conceive of speech acts primarily in terms of their function, or as the expression of mental states, or as constituted by norms. With these five families of views laid out, we relate them in turn to the apparatus of conversational score and discourse context; to the project of speech-act taxonomy; and to the theory of force. Last, we review applications of speech-act theory to matters legal and political, and to ethically significant phenomena like silencing, derogation, and coercion.

scholarly journals Patient No-Show Prediction: A Systematic Literature Review

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danae Carreras-García ◽  
David Delgado-Gómez ◽  
Fernando Llorente-Fernández ◽  
Ana Arribas-Gil
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Current State ◽  
Patient Will

Nowadays, across the most important problems faced by health centers are those caused by the existence of patients who do not attend their appointments. Among others, these patients cause loss of revenue to the health centers and increase the patients’ waiting list. In order to tackle these problems, several scheduling systems have been developed. Many of them require predicting whether a patient will show up for an appointment. However, obtaining these estimates accurately is currently a challenging problem. In this work, a systematic review of the literature on predicting patient no-shows is conducted aiming at establishing the current state-of-the-art. Based on a systematic review following the PRISMA methodology, 50 articles were found and analyzed. Of these articles, 82% were published in the last 10 years and the most used technique was logistic regression. In addition, there is significant growth in the size of the databases used to build the classifiers. An important finding is that only two studies achieved an accuracy higher than the show rate. Moreover, a single study attained an area under the curve greater than the 0.9 value. These facts indicate the difficulty of this problem and the need for further research.

Nouns before verbs in comprehension vs. production: the view from pragmatics

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEVERLY A. GOLDFIELD
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Verb Learning ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Child Speech ◽  
Maternal Speech ◽  
Child Age

This study examines pragmatic factors that bias English-speaking children to produce more of the nouns and fewer of the verbs that they know. If nouns are favoured for production, parents should elicit more nouns than verbs in child speech. If verb comprehension is favoured over verb production, parents should more often prompt children to produce an action than to produce a verb. Data from 44 parent–child (age 1;8) dyads in the New England directory of the CHILDES data base were analysed. Children produced more nouns than verbs but mothers produced more verbs than nouns. Speech act analyses indicate that mothers elicited noun production but rarely prompted children to produce verbs. Mothers more often prompted children to produce an action than to produce a verb, and verbs occurred most often in maternal speech acts used to elicit children's actions. Moreover, children comprehended many more verbs than they produced. These data suggest that production measures underestimate the frequency and significance of verb-learning in early lexical development.

scholarly journals The state of the art of agile kanban method: challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2535-2550
Author(s):  
Hamzah Alaidaros ◽  
Mazni Omar ◽  
Rohaida Romli
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Cross

In the recent years, the Agile Kanban has emerged as an appropriate method used for managing projects in numerous fields and various settings. Despite getting an increased popularity in the software organizations, the Agile Kanban method still has different challenges that need to be addressed. Therefore, this study aims to concisely explore the current state of the art and latest researches on the Agile Kanban method through conducting an extensive review of the literature. The results of this study carry strong implications and confirm the important need for conducting researches on the Agile Kanban method. It also provides the key challenges and opportunities that can be investigated in future studies. The cross analysis of the results leads to a better understanding of the Agile Kanban method and aids the research teams to address the Kanban limitations and increase its adoption in the software organizations.

Circular cities

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 2746-2762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Williams
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Economic Base ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Resource Security

A circular approach to the way in which we manage the resources consumed and produced in cities – materials, energy, water and land – will significantly reduce the consumption of finite resources globally. It will also help to address urban problems including resource security, waste disposal, greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, heating, drought and flooding. Taking a circular approach can also tackle many other socio-economic problems afflicting cities, for example, providing access to affordable accommodation, expanding and diversifying the economic base, building more engaged and collaborative communities in cities. Thus it has great potential to improve our urban living environments. To date, the industrial ecologists and economists have tended to dominate the circularity debate, focusing on closed-loop industrial systems and circular economy (circular businesses and systems of provision). In this paper I investigate why the current state-of-the-art conceptualisation for circular economy (RESOLVE) is inadequate when applied to a city. Through this critique and a broader review of the literature I identify the principles and components which are lacking from the circular economy (CE) conceptualisation when applied to a city. I then use this to develop my own definition and conceptualisation of a circular approach to urban resource management.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

Schizophrenia Research: Current State of the Art

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
STANLEY GRAND
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State

PLANEJAMENTO FAMILIAR COMO ASSUNTO DE MULHER!? PERFIL DE GÊNERO NA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA NO BRASIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella De Paula Chiesa ◽  
Mário Antônio Sanches ◽  
Daiane Priscila Simão-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Subject

O estudo do Planejamento familiar, no contexto da bioética, abre-se para diversas perspectivas, entre elas a valorização dos seus diferentes atores. Situado neste contexto o artigo tem como objetivo identificar o perfil de gênero na produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil, entre 2000 e 2014, assim como a área de formação e especialização dos autores. Foram utilizadas metodologias que permitiram mapear o estado da arte do tema estudado, a partir de uma revisão da literatura. O resultado da pesquisa identifica que a produção científica sobre Planejamento Familiar no Brasil se compõe de perfil destacadamente feminino (71,76%). Dos 73 artigos analisados, 42 (57,53%) o foco do tema está direcionado à mulher assim como evidencia-se a área de ciências da saúde com maior concentração das publicações do tema.  Este aspecto da pesquisa abre para uma realidade complexa onde se buscam criticamente as razões para a pesquisa em Planejamento Familiar ter ênfase na mulher e ser um tema de relevância nas ciências da saúde.Palavras-chave: Produção científica, Planejamento Familiar, Gênero.  ABSTRACT: The study of Family Planning, in the context of bioethics, opens to diverse perspectives, among them the appreciation of their different agents. Situated in this context the article aims to identify the profile of gender in scientific literature on Family Planning in Brazil, between 2000 and 2014, as well as the area of training and specialization of the authors. Methodologies were used which allowed to map the State of the art of the subject studied, from a review of the literature. The results found identify that the scientific production on Family Planning in Brazil is formed with a outstandingly female profile (71,76%). Of the 73 articles examined, 42 (57.53%) the focus of the topic is directed to women as well as showing the health sciences area with highest concentration of publications. This aspect of the research opens to a complex reality where we seek critically the reasons for Research in Family Planning have emphasis on woman and be a topic of relevance in health sciences.Keywords: Scientific Production, Family Planning, Gender.

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