Ethnic Politics in American History

2020 ◽  
pp. 294-311
Author(s):  
James J. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civic Life ◽  
Immigration Restriction ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth

This chapter traces the ways that ethnic politics evolved in the United States. During the mid-nineteenth century, amid heavy immigration from Europe, ascendant mass parties mobilized newcomers rapidly, spurring nativism. Although the incorporation of immigrants gradually slowed after 1870 and Congress established immigration restriction laws during the 1920s, pluralism remained strong enough to allow the gradual integration of ethnics into the nation’s civic life. The revival of immigration after 1965, chiefly from Latin America and Asia, reinvigorated arguments about ethnic inclusion and nationalism. These debates developed in an altered civic environment, one marked by interest group activism and an emphasis on multiculturalism. Despite these differences, the preponderance of evidence suggests that the incorporation of ethnics during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries proceeded at a pace and in a manner comparable to previous eras.

Historical and Ideological Lineages of Dissenting Protestantism in Latin America

2019 ◽  
pp. 315-337
Author(s):  
Stephen Dove
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Small Footprint ◽  
Religious Landscape

Latin America is a region where traditional dissenting institutions and denominations have a relatively small footprint, and yet the ideas of dissenting Protestantism play an important, and expanding, role on the religious landscape. Since the beginning of the nineteenth century, Latin America has transitioned from a region with a de jure Catholic monopoly to one marked by religious pluralism and the disestablishment of religion. In the late-twentieth and early-twenty-first centuries, this transition has been especially marked by the rapid growth of Pentecostalism. This chapter analyses the role of dissenting Protestantism during these two centuries of transition and demonstrates how ideas and missionaries from historical dissenting churches combined with local influences to create a unique version of dissent among Latin American Protestants and Pentecostals.

Commercials as Discursive Assemblages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen T. Dunagan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Direct Address ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Television Film ◽  
Cultural Formations

Chapter Two demonstrates how commercials employ genre-specific codes and conventions to operate as discursive assemblages. The author adopts Grossberg’s concept of cultural formations as a model for analyzing dance in advertising. Through close readings of several commercials created for US companies produced between 1948 and 2012, the chapter offers an historicized reading of the strategic intersections between dance, television, film, and advertising within commercials to produce a form of marketing that simultaneously reinforces and destabilizes disciplinary boundaries. Several concepts central to the larger project are introduced here, including liveness, advertising positioning strategies, direct address and hailing, montage, and film musical conventions. While the study focuses on an analysis of the history and conventions of dance-in-advertising in the United States during the mid-to-late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, it also includes examples of commercials created to advertise US products in foreign markets.

The England of South America

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-42
Author(s):  
James Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
South America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Modern Latin America

This chapter assesses Chile's emergence as a modern nation in the early nineteenth century. It describes its evolution into an influential power in southern South America, aligned with liberals in Latin America, the United States, and Europe in at the end of that century. It introduces Chileans as internationalists involved in the construction of modern Latin America and the inter-American and transatlantic communities.

Material Poetics in Hemispheric America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Kosick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Poetry ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
Anne Carson ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Look ◽  
Juan Luis Martinez

Material Poetics in Hemispheric America examines poets and artists in the Americas during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries to show how they worked to make language into material objects and material objects into language. It builds a theory of ‘material poetics’ that provides an alternative account of poetry in hemispheric America. It argues that by reframing American poetry to prominently include object-oriented practices within and beyond the United States, material poetry can be seen as representing a significant branch of the American poetic tradition. This book puts contemporary theories of objects and matter into conversation with a variety of American approaches to material poetics. These approaches result in one-word poems more concerned with the look of language than its meaning, artworks that invite viewers to physically engage with language, poems assembled from networks of out-of-place words and things, poetic monuments that meditate on (and take up) space, and poetry that attempts to materialise the remnants of lyrics and lives. By examining five case studies, drawn from Brazil, Chile, the United States, and Canada, it investigates five ways of conceptualizing these poetic objects—as autonomous, relational, assembled, architectural, and posthuman. Poets and artists featured include Haroldo de Campos, Décio Pignatari, Augusto de Campos, Ferreira Gullar, Hélio Oiticica, Lygia Pape, Juan Luis Martínez, Ronald Johnson, and Anne Carson.

Brazil's Early Nineteenth-Century Policy Towards Denmark and Sweden, 1808–1831

Itinerario ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Birgitte Holten
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Spanish Colonies

Brazil's active foreign policy tradition dates from the beginning of its existence as an independent state in the early nineteenth century. More than the former Spanish colonies in Latin America, Brazil considered the international recognition of its sovereignty an important goal. Therefore, Brazil demonstrated in the 1820s a great interest in the establishment of diplomatic relations and the negotiation of commercial treaties with the European nations and the United States.

‘Religious America, Secular Europe’

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The Usa

This chapter offers an overview of the religious trajectories of the United States and of the countries in Western and Northern Europe from the later eighteenth century to the early twenty-first. There is special focus on changes in the years around 1800, those around 1900, and in the later twentieth century. In the nineteenth century the USA was moving in very different directions from many of the countries of continental Europe, but American pluralism was paralleled by that of Britain. From about 1890, Britain and the USA began to move apart. Secularizing trends were common to both countries, but the countervailing factors were much stronger in the USA. Meanwhile, many other European countries were differently religious from the USA, but not necessarily less religious. Only in the 1970s can we begin to speak of a clear divide between a more ‘religious’ America and a more ‘secular Europe’.

Juan Bautista Alberdi: A Study of his thought

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-501
Author(s):  
John E. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Politically Active ◽  
Material Progress

During the nineteenth century Latin America produced a significant number of thinkers and philosophers who recognized that their countries were failing to keep pace with Western Europe and the United States in material progress, social equality and political stability. Some of these men were primarily abstract thinkers, but many were politically active and exercised considerable influence through their writing. Juan Bautista Alberdi, an Argentine, was a member of the latter group whose ideas are still discussed frequently today.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Great Britain and the United States Since 1850

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1109-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Long ◽  
Joseph Ferrie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Fathers And Sons ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The US tolerates more inequality than Europe and believes its economic mobility is greater than Europe's, though they had roughly equal rates of intergenerational occupational mobility in the late twentieth century. We extend this comparison into the nineteenth century using 10,000 nationally-representative British and US fathers and sons. The US was more mobile than Britain through 1900, so in the experience of those who created the US welfare state in the 1930s, the US had indeed been “exceptional.” The US mobility lead over Britain was erased by the 1950s, as US mobility fell from its nineteenth century levels. (JEL J62, N31, N32, N33, N34)

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